OBJECTIVE/BACKGROUND: Non-mitogenic biological activity such as modulation of mucosal blood flow is suspected to convey the protective effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF) in vivo. The aims of our present study were to determine the effects of EGF on colonic mucosal blood flow and injury induced hyperaemia in rats. DESIGN/METHODS: ...

The aim of this study was to examine dose-dependent effects of intranasal application of neuropeptide Y (NPY) on nasal mucosal blood flow, blood content, and intranasal nitric oxide (NO) concentration. Blood flow was measured by laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) and blood content by rhinomanometry. Mucosal biopsies were taken for investigation ...

When venous oxygen saturation increases as a result of increased blood flow, changes in venous blood PCO2 and carbon dioxide content may differ because of the Haldane effect. The Haldane effect may also explain increases in gastric mucosal-arterial PCO2 gradient despite major increases in splanchnic blood flow. We re-analysed data ...

To determine if gastric intramucosal pH changes during weaning from mechanical ventilation are related to gastric mucosal blood flow modifications, we studied 16 ventilator-supported patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who tolerated a 2-h trial of spontaneous breathing with pressure support ventilation and were successfully extubated and 11 patients ...

Decreased capillary flow and heterogeneity of microvascular perfusion are hallmarks of septic circulatory disturbances, and the gastrointestinal mucosa is considered to be particularly prone to such abnormalities. We investigated the impact of Escherichia coli hemolysin (HlyA), a medically relevant pore-forming bacterial toxin, on the mucosal microvasculature in a constant-flow blood-perfused ...

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects of dopexamine on splanchnic blood flow and splanchnic oxygen uptake in septic patients. DESIGN: A prospective, controlled trial. SETTING: A ten-bed intensive care unit (ICU) in a university hospital. PATIENTS: Twelve patients with severe sepsis (according to the criteria of the 1992 American College of ...

Our previous investigations demonstrated that glucocorticoids released in response to stress protect gastric mucosa against stress-induced ulceration. This study was designed to determine whether gastric microcirculation is involved in the mechanism of gastroprotective glucocorticoid action. For this we evaluated the effects of deficiency of glucocorticoid production during 3 hr water-restraint ...

The effects of hypocapnia [arterial PCO(2) (Pa(CO(2))) 15 Torr] on splanchnic hemodynamics and gut mucosal-arterial P(CO(2)) were studied in seven anesthetized ventilated dogs. Ileal mucosal and serosal blood flow were estimated by using laser Doppler flowmetry, mucosal PCO(2) was measured continuously by using capnometric recirculating gas tonometry, and serosal surface ...

BACKGROUND: Tumour vascularisation is a determinant of the development of metastases. AIMS: To measure blood flow in normal stomach and gastric adenocarcinomas by laser Doppler flowmetry and correlate blood flow with vascularisation after immunohistochemical staining of resected specimens for CD31 and von Willebrand factor. PATIENTS: Twenty two undergoing resection for ...

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Apoptosis is a common mechanism for the regulation of cell loss. It is associated with both tissue atrophy and metaplasia. Cigarette smoking has tremendous adverse effects on the stomach and also increases the risk of gastric cancer. This action may be through the change in apoptosis in the stomach. ...

AIM: To determine the correlation between gastric intramucosal pH and superior mesenteric artery (SMA) flow in newborn piglets. METHODS: Fourteen newborn piglets were randomly assigned to either a control or to an epinephrine group which received 0,1,2,4,0 microg/kg/min of epinephrine for 60 minutes, each dose. Gastric tonometry was performed, SMA ...

BACKGROUND/AIMS: A fundamental experiment was undertaken with reference to local resection with lymphadenectomy for gastric cancer. The intramural blood supply network of the stomach wall, about which no reports have previously appeared, was surgically investigated. METHODOLOGY: Five pigs were used. The left gastric and the right gastroepiploic vessels and their ...

We investigated whether, in rats, gastric prostacyclin (PGI2) prevented gastric mucosal injury that was induced by water-immersion restraint stress by inhibiting leukocyte activation. Gastric levels of 6-keto-PGF1alpha, a stable metabolite of PGI2, increased transiently 30 min after stress, followed by a decrease to below the baseline 6-8 h after stress. ...

BACKGROUND: Elderly subjects are more prone to develop gastric injury, but human data on the state of mucosal protective mechanisms are scarce. The aim of the study was to assess gastric mucus and bicarbonate secretion as well as local microcirculation in elderly patients. METHODS: Fasting gastric juice was collected in ...

BACKGROUND: Gut mucosal blood flow measurement is used to study a variety of disorders and possibly extrinsic neural function. AIMS: To determine optimal measurement criteria and validate this technique as a measure of level of activity of extrinsic autonomic gut innervation. METHODS: In 26 healthy volunteers a laser Doppler mucosal ...

OBJECTIVE: Acute maxillary sinusitis is one of the most common diseases in human. Reactive oxygen metabolites (ROMs) produced also physiologically in the body, are normally neutralised by antioxidative enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD). Infection is one of the causes of increased ROMs production. The most important mechanism of tissue ...

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to determine the effects of epinephrine and norepinephrine on mucosal villous blood flow in a normotensive model of endotoxemia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-two anesthetized rats were laparotomized, and a jejunal portion was exteriorized and opened by an antimesenteric incision. The jejunal segment was ...

BACKGROUND: Ischemia from tissue hypoperfusion in the gastric tube after esophagectomy is believed to contribute significantly to postoperative complications associated with anastomotic failure. This study assessed the ability of the new technique of laser Doppler flowmetry to measure differential levels of blood flow in human gastric tubes during esophagectomy. STUDY ...

Cigarette smoking and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been associated with gastroduodenal ulcers. The present study aimed to clarify the ulcerogenic mechanisms of passive cigarette smoking on gastrointestinal damage induced by indomethacin in fasted or in fasted and refed rats. Rats were exposed to cigarette smoke (0%, 1%, 2%, or ...

Smoking is protective against developing ulcerative colitis. Nicotine may be the cause of this protective effect. Controlled trials have demonstrated efficacy of transdermal nicotine for active ulcerative colitis. Side effects observed with transdermal nicotine include contact dermatitis, nausea, and lightheadedness. Topical administration of nicotine to the colon reduces nicotine blood ...

OBJECTIVE: The somatostatin analogue, octreotide is valuable in the management of variceal bleeding, and it has been suggested that it may stop peptic ulcer hemorrhage by reducing gastroduodenal blood flow or increasing intragastric pH. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of intravenous octreotide infusion on gastroduodenal ...

BACKGROUND: A prospective study on the vasodilatory effect of prostaglandin E1 on blood flow to the gastric tube after esophagectomy is reported. METHODS: Twelve patients with thoracic esophageal cancer who underwent esophagectomy were enrolled in this study. In all patients, the esophagogastrostomy was performed in the cervical region, and the ...

BACKGROUND: Gastric adaptation to aspirin is well-documented. However, the mechanisms underlying the reduction of aspirin-induced mucosal damage despite continued ingestion of the drug remain poorly understood. METHODS: Eight healthy volunteers who received aspirin 1 g b.d. for 14 days were compared with eight placebo-dosed controls. Gastroscopy with mucosal biopsy was ...

OBJECTIVES: To study the circulatory integrity of the sinus mucosa following surgery, the vascular anatomy, blood flow, and vasoconstrictor response of the regenerated microcirculatory network were analyzed. STUDY DESIGN: Forty-six New Zealand White rabbits were operated on unilaterally with either a modified radical operation (MRO) or middle meatal antrostomy (MMA), ...

We have investigated the relationship between oral mucosal blood flow and plasma epinephrine concentration, and the effects of conscious sedation vs general anaesthesia on haemodynamic responses after submucosal epinephrine injection in 14 subjects. The same seven patients were studied both as controls and after sedation. For sedation, midazolam i.v. was ...

BACKGROUND: Portal hypertensive gastropathy causes some gastric mucosal microcirculatory disorders in cirrhotic patients, but the nature of the rheologic dysfunction in the gastric microcirculation remains to be clarified. METHODS: To examine the rheologic properties of the gastric microcirculation, we subjected 112 cirrhotic patients and 51 control subjects to endoscopic laser ...

This study tested the hypothesis that altered colonic blood flow may contribute to tissue damage during the development of colitis in the rabbit. This was achieved by using radioactive microspheres to measure colonic blood flow at various times after colitis induction with trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid. Significant colonic damage occurred 6 ...

OBJECTIVES: Injury to the small intestine is thought to play a crucial role in the development and propagation of sepsis. Cellular hypoxia, caused by hypoperfusion, may result in increased mucosal permeability, thus allowing the translocation of bacteria and endotoxin to the circulation. The purpose of this study was to assess ...

Adenocarcinoma of the esophagus is increasing in incidence. The primary treatment is surgical resection, which is associated with considerable risk of anastomotic dehiscence and stricture. Decreased blood flow has been suggested as one of the factors contributing to these anastomotic failures. Our hypothesis was that anastomotic blood flow was decreased ...

The distribution and redistribution of venlafaxine were investigated in two overdoses and several cases involving the therapeutic use of venlafaxine. Blood, liver, bile vitreous humor, urine and gastric contents were analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. Blood concentrations of venlafaxine in the two overdose cases were 53 ...

The effects of glycerol on cochlear blood flow and serum osmotic pressure were studied in healthy guinea pigs. Laser Doppler flowmetry of cochlear blood flow after the esophageal-gastric administration of 50% glycerol demonstrated a greater increase in blood flow for a longer time than with the intravenous infusion of 50% ...

The existence of an opioid central pathway that may regulate bile secretion was explored by studying the effect of the intracisternal (i.c.) administration of the opiate D-Ala2-Met-enkephalinamide (DAME) on bile secretion in anesthetized male rats. The i.c. administration of DAME was associated with a dose-related decrease in bile flow that ...

Duodenal ulcer (DU) is frequently accompanied by Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection and associated with the imbalance of aggressive factors and defensive factors. To investigate the possible relationship between Hp and regional gastric blood flow, 26 endoscopically proved DU (scar stage) and Hp infection patients were included and received triple therapy ...

Octreotide (Sandostatin 201-995) has an inhibitory effect on gastric, intestinal, and pancreatic secretions and hepatic and splachnic blood flow. We examined the effects of octreotide on bile flow and bile components in 10 patients with T-tube choledochostomy. A Fogarty balloon catheter was inserted distal to the T-tube of these patients ...

OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to evaluate the patterns of antral contractility and pylorus opening and closure in relation to transpyloric flow of a nutrient liquid meal. METHODS: Ultrasound images of the antro-pyloro-duodenal tract were continuously tape-recorded in healthy volunteers for 1 h postprandially and were reviewed twice later by ...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Since 1993, we have performed preoperative embolization therapy (PET) in an attempt to augment the blood flow of the gastric tube and prevent anastomotic leakage after esophageal resection. The clinical effects and complications associated with PET are reported. METHODS: The femoral artery was punctured and the left ...

Inadequate splanchnic tissue perfusion is relatively common during and after aortic surgery. We hypothesized that vasodilation caused by thoracic epidural analgesia improves splanchnic blood flow and tissue perfusion after aortic surgery. In this prospective, randomized, controlled study, we studied 20 patients undergoing elective aortic-femoral or aortic-iliac reconstruction surgery. Gastric and ...

BACKGROUND: Helicobacter pylori may interfere with gastroduodenal protective mechanisms. Such effects could be due to a direct interaction with gastric epithelial cells but also to the action of a wide range of secreted and membrane-bound virulence factors. Our aim was to study the acute effects of water extracts produced from ...

OBJECTIVE: Dumping occurs in about 10% of patients after gastric surgery. It has been suggested that early dumping is associated with an abnormal increase in postprandial splanchnic flow, but data from controlled studies are lacking. Therefore we have studied basal and postprandial superior mesenteric artery (SMA) blood flow in patients ...

Activated neutrophils play an important role in tissue injury by releasing various inflammatory mediators capable of damaging endothelial cells. To investigate whether neutrophil elastase (NE) is involved in stress-induced gastric mucosal injury, we examined the effects of 2 NE inhibitors (ONO-5046 and L-658 758) as well as nitrogen mustard-induced leukocytopenia ...

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Anastomotic leakage after esophageal surgery is still the main reason for post-operative morbidity and mortality. We developed a reliable procedure for evaluating blood supply to the gastric tube after esophageal reconstruction. METHODOLOGY: After construction of the gastric tube, tissue blood flow was measured intra-operatively at the anastomotic sites using ...

Perfusion status of the critically ill and injured has, in the past, been assessed by indices such as blood pressure (BP), heart rate, and urine output. These indices represent global perfusion and may not reflect regional blood-flow abnormalities. These hypoperfused regions may lead to organ failure and subsequent death. The ...

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Gastric mucosal blood flow estimation in humans is obtained through an endoscope and the time of measurement lasts only a few minutes. Thinking that long-term monitoring of mucosal perfusion would be a significant contribution to the study of gastric physiology, we registered gastric mucosal blood flow continuously for 24 ...

BACKGROUND: In the rat, indomethacin causes jejunal villous shortening, microvascular distortion, and blood stasis prior to ulceration. The beta3-adrenoceptor agonist CL316,243 (CL) prevents both the early histological changes and ulceration. AIM: To test the hypothesis that the beta3-adrenoceptor agonist CL316,243 exerts its protective effect by prevention and/or reversal of blood ...

BACKGROUND: The ability of the new techniques of scanning laser Doppler flowmetry and recirculating gas tonometry to measure changes in gastric serosal and mucosal blood flow respectively during oesophageal resection was assessed. METHODS: Changes in regional and total gastric blood flow were assessed in 16 patients undergoing oesophagectomy at three ...

Gut mucosal hypoperfusion plays a major role in the pathogenesis of ongoing sepsis and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Traditionally, therapy included increasing systemic flow, thus secondarily augmenting blood flow to the gut. Direct manipulation of the gut mucosal microcirculation avoiding systemic effects, i.e., selective gut microcirculatory control (SGMC), has not ...

This study examined the effects of early burn wound excision on gastric blood flow and on morphologic changes in mucosal vessels. Wistar rats were given a 30% total body surface area burn and divided into four groups, consisting of control animals (group 1), animals with burn injury without and with ...

Endoscopic laser Doppler velocimetry is a simple non-invasive method to measure gastric mucosal blood flow. The present study is an attempt to determine a correlation, if any, between gastric mucosal blood flow and the hepatic perfusion index in patients with portal hypertensive gastropathy and their relationship to the severity of ...

A healthy 45-year-old woman with a previous Roux-en-Y gastric bypass presented with the signs, symptoms and blood analysis results consistent with acute pancreatitis. She was initially treated nonoperatively and subsequently went into circulatory shock. Computerized tomographic scan and exploratory laparotomy revealed a volvulus of the afferent jejunal limb with secondary ...

BACKGROUND: By means of duplex sonography, gastric emptying can be related to antral motor activity. The aim of this study was to examine gastric emptying in relation to antral contractions during and immediately after ingestion of a liquid meal in healthy subjects and to study the effect of glyceryl trinitrate ...