BACKGROUND: The indocyanine green (ICG) Finger Piece Monitor system is a non-invasive method for measuring blood ICG concentrations for the evaluation of hepatic function. This study was conducted to determine its clinical usefulness in non-cirrhotic patients. METHODS: Traditional liver function tests, alpha-fetoprotein, prothrombin time, and ICG clearance tests, by both ...

To evaluate the effect of cold-induced stress on renal and hepatic blood flow and coagulation parameters, rabbits' soles were exposed to ice pad (0 degrees C). Renal and hepatic blood flow was measured after 1 h and 15 days of cold stress. Coagulation parameters (0, 8th and 15th days of ...

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Terlipressin is used for the treatment of bleeding oesophageal varices. We evaluated the effects of terlipressin on hepatic haemodynamics, with special focus on the interactions between portal venous flow and hepatic arterial flow over time. Secondly, we evaluated the estimated hepatic blood flow by the ICG clearance method against ...

OBJECTIVE: We assess the usefulness of microwave hepatic tumor coagulation therapy with balloon occlusion of segmental hepatic blood flow for eight recurrent metastatic hepatic tumors in seven patients. CONCLUSION: Limited early experience with microwave hepatic tumor coagulation therapy and segmental hepatic blood flow occlusion has been positive, suggesting that further ...

To elucidate the hepatic microvascular response to cryothermia, we studied the liver microcirculation of Sprague-Dawley rats after one and two 4-minute freeze-thaw cycles using intravital fluorescence microscopy. Irrespective of the number of freeze-thaw cycles applied, the nature of hepatic microvascular injury was characterized by complete stasis of sinusoidal blood flow ...

In addition to the first generation thrombolytics streptokinase and urokinase there are now a number of new human thrombolytic proteins produced by recombinant techniques. In this review alteplase, saruplase and reteplase are discussed. These compounds differ with respect to their pharmacokinetics. Alteplase and saruplase have relatively short half-lives and are ...

Metabolic effects of prostaglandin E1 have been previously demonstrated in cirrhosis, apparently independent of changes in large splanchnic vessel hemodynamics. The effects of prostaglandin E1 on functional liver blood flow were tested by measuring the extrarenal clearance of D-sorbitol in six controls and eight patients with cirrhosis during systemic superinfusion ...

Liver failure represents a major therapeutic challenge, and yet basic pathophysiological questions about hepatic perfusion and oxygenation in this condition have been poorly investigated. In this study, hepatic blood flow (HBF) and splanchnic oxygen delivery (DO2, sp) and oxygen consumption (VO2,sp) were assessed in patients with liver failure defined as ...

This study was done to examine the protective effects of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), a second messenger of nitric oxide, for ischemia/reperfusion injury of the liver, since it is known to induce vasodilatation and to inhibit platelet aggregation. Using an experimental model of porcine liver ischemia, 8-bromoguanosine 3',5' monophosphate, a ...

In this study we compared the distribution of blood flow to the liver in growth-retarded fetuses whose estimated weight was < 5th centile with normal-weight fetuses. As expected, the relative venous blood flow to the liver was reduced, with blood flowing preferentially through the ductus venosus. However, the total blood ...

This study was performed to investigate the effect of lymphatic blockage on the amount of endotoxin in portal venous blood, nitric oxide synthesis, the release of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) from the liver, hepatic damage, and survival in an experimental model of dogs with peritonitis. The dogs were divided into a ...

OBJECTIVES: To study changes in hepatic blood flow with age. DESIGN: Functional hepatic flow (FHF) and total hepatic flow (THF) were determined by non-invasive methods in 40 normal subjects in four age groups (<45, 45-60, 61-75 and >75 years). All subjects had normal routine liver function tests and no history ...

In order to evaluate the effect of the acute viral hepatitis on arterial blood flow we performed duplex Doppler US on 30 patients with acute viral hepatitis (AVH) and compared the results with those obtained on 20 normal volunteers. Hepatic artery flow (HAF) was significantly increased with the patients suffering ...

Considerable attention has recently been focused on the phenomenon of active constriction of sinusoids as a mechanisms for regulating perfusion of the liver. Although many methods for estimating liver blood flow have been used in the past, the ability to directly study vascular responses in the sinusoids required the spatial ...

The importance of this model is that it showed exactly where in the organ the xenogeneic damage occurred. The liver received the blood mainly via portal veins, which merge with the pulsatile arterioles in the Disse spaces. This periportal area is followed by the sinusoids and ends in the central ...

Nine healthy volunteers were studied to validate the reproducibility of the Doppler perfusion index--the ratio of hepatic arterial to total liver blood flow--and to evaluate the method of its derivation and the influence of the variable parameters necessary for its calculation. Wide intraobserver variability was observed, and Doppler perfusion index ...

Our aim was to determine if portal vein and hepatic artery blood flow indices are a noninvasive index of severity of liver disease in chronic hepatitis C. The effect of interferon-alpha treatment on liver blood flow was also studied. Liver blood flow measurements were recorded by duplex Doppler color sonography ...

Our study was aimed at developing a reliable method of hyperthermic isolated liver perfusion (HILP) in pigs and at assessing its local and systemic side effects. HILP was performed via the hepatic artery and portal vein in 15 animals. The perfusate consisted of blood (200 ml), oxypolygelatine (500 ml), Ringer's ...

Hepatic failure is one of the major problems developed during the posttransplantation period. A possible cause of hepatic failure is the prolonged ischemia induced during the implantation procedure. Hepatic ischemia leads to a reduction in oxygen supply, ATP level decline, liver metabolism impairment, and finally organ failure. The purpose of ...

Discordant xenografts are hyperacutely rejected within minutes. Disturbances in the microcirculation are considered to be the central mechanisms of hyperacute xenogeneic rejection (HXR). In this study intravital fluorescence microscopy was applied to investigate the dynamics of microcirculatory alterations in a setting in which HXR was inhibited by complement (C) depletion. ...

The aim of this study was to investigate whether or not a magnetic position sensing system for free-hand acquisition of 3-D ultrasound images could be used to estimate liver volumes, and to study the effect of a high-caloric meal on these volumes in healthy subjects. In vitro accuracy was evaluated ...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of increased intra-abdominal pressure during pneumoperitoneum on splanchnic circulation. DESIGN: Open study. SETTING: University hospital, Sweden. SUBJECTS: Five otherwise healthy patients (mean age of 34 years), undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. INTERVENTIONS: Arterial and hepatic vein catheterization and simultaneous arterial and hepatic vein blood gas sampling in ...

Despite its obscure and short effect, plasma exchange (PE) remains a mainstay in the treatment of liver disease. However, the question still remains as to whether or not PE suppresses the regeneration of the liver because PE deprives patients of hepatotrophic factors. The effect of PE, which could be a ...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of hypocapnia on the systemic and hepatic circulations and oxygenation values in patients with head injury. DESIGN: Open-label, prospective study. SETTING: University hospital, department of anesthesiology and intensive care unit. PATIENTS: Eleven mechanically ventilated patients with isolated head trauma and stable hemodynamic status. INTERVENTIONS: At ...

Based on the principles of cooling the blood to expel the pathogenic toxins and regulating the function of liver and activating the spleen in traditional Chinese medicine, 60 cases of chronic hepatitis C were treated with Bing Gan Ling (BGL), an oral liquid, which is composed mainly of Shuiniujiao (Cornu ...

BACKGROUND: Elevated intraabdominal pressure due to gas insufflation for laparoscopic surgery may result in regional blood flow changes. Impairments of hepatic, splanchnic, and renal blood flow during peritoneal insufflation have been reported. Therefore we set out to investigate the effects of peritoneal insufflation with helium (He) and carbon dioxide (CO2) ...

1. Mechanisms underlying the haemodynamic activity of diastereoisomers of S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) were investigated using inhibitors of purinoceptors and nitric oxide (NO) synthase in perfused rat livers damaged by sequential 24 h cold and 20 min rewarming ischaemia + reperfusion. 2. Stored livers were flushed with 10 ml saline alone (control) ...

During surgical laparoscopy, total hepatic blood flow (THBF) may be modified by CO2 insufflation, changes of tilt, ventilation with high tidal volume, hypercapnia, and anesthesia, but little information is available on the THBF during the procedure. To investigate the changes of hepatic blood flow following the combination of abdominal CO2 ...

We investigated hepatic blood flow, O2 exchange and metabolism in porcine endotoxic shock (Control, n = 8; Endotoxin, n = 10) with administration of hydroxyethylstarch to maintain arterial pressure (MAP)>60 mmHg. Before and 12, 18 and 24 h after starting continuous i.v. endotoxin we measured portal venous and hepatic arterial ...

The aim of this study was to estimate the specific arterial water space and associated blood flow using statistical moments of the frequency versus time outflow profile, with a model with specific spaces for hepatic arterial (HA) and portal venous (PV) flows in parallel with a common space. Studies were ...

BACKGROUND: Our aim was to evaluate the hepatic blood flows and oxygen metabolism of non-heart-beating donor (NHBD) pigs, with the use of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and normothermic recirculation (NR) before total body cooling, and its relationship with recipient survival. METHODS: Thirty-five pigs were transplanted with an allograft from NHBDs. After ...

The objective of this study was to evaluate whole-body removal kinetics of sorbitol, the use of extrarenal sorbitol clearance to estimate hepatic plasma flow in humans, and to compare measurements of liver flow by Fick's principle using either indocyanine green (ICG) or sorbitol. A sorbitol bolus (5 mmol/kg) was given ...

The kinetics of organic anions are well described and back-diffusion from hepatocyte to plasma is accepted. Although iminodiacetic (IDA) analogues, as organic anions, should also show bidirectional transport between hepatocyte and plasma, this has not been directly demonstrated heretofore. The aim of this study was to directly demonstrate back-diffusion and ...

Hepatic tissue perfusion and O2 supply after ischemia are indispensable for recovery of cellular functions, but few studies have been performed regarding the recovery of tissue blood flow and O2 transport. After 5, 15, and 30 min of ischemia of rat livers, hepatic tissue perfusion, hepatic arterial and portal blood ...

We have postulated that reduced hepatic blood flow is the primary factor responsible for postoperative hepatic insufficiency, and have shown the usefulness of the hepatic blood flow index (KL) estimated by 198Au colloid. However, 198Au colloid has became unavailable due to its intense exposure activity. Therefore, we prepared 111In colloid ...

AIMS: To provide methods for the translation of the concentration-time profile of highly cleared marker compounds into the underlying clearance and hepatic blood flow profile. METHODS: Continuous infusion of indocyanine green or sorbitol was used to assess the effect of the hepatic blood flow modifiers exercise, somatostatin and octreotide. Three ...

The transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) may deteriorate liver function and can cause encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis of the liver. Then reduction of TIPS flow may be required. We here report several attempts to reduce shunt flow in TIPS-induced encephalopathy or liver function impairment with novel techniques. Three patients ...

BACKGROUND: Evidence exists indicating that growth hormone (GH) resistance in some disease states such as hypercatabolic conditions may limit the metabolic benefit associated with recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) administration. It was the purpose of this study to compare the systemic and splanchnic effects of rhGH in patients with sepsis ...

Since the gradient between the mixed venous and hepatic vein oxygen saturation (DSO2) is often increased in septic patients, we suspected these patients may have an imbalance between oxygen supply and demand in the hepato-splanchnic area. In 42 septic patients, hepato-splanchnic blood flow was determined by the indocyanine green clearance ...

The availability of personal computer programs to individualize drug regimens has stimulated interest in modeling population pharmacokinetics. This study used the NPEM2 software to determine cyclosporine population pharmacokinetic parameter values and distributions in a first group of 25 recipients of liver transplants during their first postoperative week. On a second ...

To determine whether hepatic urea production is limited at low hepatic O2 delivery (DO2) by O2 itself or by the availability of substrate for urea synthesis, we isolated livers from normal rats and perfused them with Krebs-Henseleit bicarbonate (KHB) buffer, KHB + 5 mM NH4Cl, or KHB + 5 mM ...

Changes in hepatic venous resistance were estimated in rabbits from the hepatic venular-inferior vena caval pressure gradient [servo-null micropipettes in 49 +/- 15 (SD) microns vessels] and the total hepatic blood flow (ultrasound probe encircling the hepatic artery and the portal vein). Changes in liver volume, and thus vascular capacitance, ...

The prime concert of a hepato-biliary surgeon undertaking liver resection is to minimise blood loss and prevent air embolism through the control of the major vascular structures. Several methods to achieve this are now available and include in particular clamping of the hepatic pedicle and total vascular exclusion. Both techniques ...

PURPOSE: Reduced intrahepatic perfusion that occurs during contrast angiography performed after administration of halothane anesthesia is thought to result from halothane-induced systemic hemodynamic alterations, such as reduced splanchnic blood flow, rather than intrahepatic microvascular alterations. The authors postulate that intrinsic hepatic effects caused by inhalational anesthetic agents rather than contrast ...

Decreased renal and hepatic blood flow with preeclampsia-like histologic changes was developed by stimulation of the celiac ganglion with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in pregnant rabbits. The renal and hepatic blood flow were measured after stimulation of the celiac ganglion with 10 microL (group 1), 100 microL (group II) and 300 microL ...

Nitric oxide (NO) is known to play an important role in modulating both the hepatic and mesenteric circulation under physiological and pathological conditions. We investigated how L-arginine, a precursor of NO, modifies the hepatic and mesenteric circulation in patients with cirrhosis. The study design was a single-blind controlled study. We ...

The role of nitric oxide (NO) in hepatic oxygen transport is unclear. We investigated the effects of aminoethyl-isothiourea (AE-ITU), a selective inhibitor of iNOS activity, on liver blood flow and oxygen consumption (VO2H) in the pig. Endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) was given intraportally (1.7 microg/kg/h), followed by AE-ITU (10 mg/kg) after ...

Central neuropeptides play a role in many physiological regulatory processes through the autonomic nervous system. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) is distributed in the central nervous system and acts as a neurotransmitter to regulate gastric functions through vagal-muscarinic pathways. The central effect of the TRH analog on hepatic blood flow was investigated ...

The purpose of this study is to develop a method for stabilizing erythrocytes under flowing condition in living livers, as revealed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). After the procedure of the 'in vivo cryotechnique', both freeze-substitution and subsequent t-butyl alcohol freeze-drying methods were used for preparing SEM specimens. By freeze-fracturing ...

The toxicity of the drug used during isolated hepatic perfusion, such as tumor necrosis factor alpha, necessitates the assessment of leakage. The liver is an organ that, apart from the vessels and the bile duct, can be separated completely from the surrounding body tissue. Leakage can still occur, however, with ...