BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The effect of temporarily interrupted hepatic blood flow and multiple-fiber application on necrosis volume in interstitial laser coagulation (ILC) was investigated. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS: Single- and multiple-fiber ILC were performed in porcine livers with normal as well as interrupted perfusion. Temperatures were determined. Lesions were measured ...

BACKGROUND: We verified the possibility of using laser Doppler fluxmetry for prolonged monitoring of hepatic perfusion; we confirm the ability of an implantable laser Doppler microprobe to be in constant 'optical contact' with the liver and thus to transmit a stable microcirculatory signal for a prolonged period of time, and ...

Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury caused by portal vein clamping is a common problem in hepatobiliary surgery. Endothelin (ET) is a potent vasoconstrictor and is associated with IR injury. This study evaluated the effect of ET on liver cell injury and hepatic regeneration after hepatectomy with IR. The portal veins of ...

To investigate the utility of measuring blood concentrations of (1-->3)-beta-D-glucan, a component of the fungal cell wall, as an auxiliary diagnostic method for systemic candidiasis, rats were inoculated with Candida albicans and the number of C. albicans in the viscera and glucan in the blood were quantitated. The concentration of ...

The difference between total vascular exclusion (TVE) and inflow occlusion (IO) of the liver was assessed by the extent of DNA injury in rats and by hepatic tissue oxygen saturation (SahtO2) in pigs. Moreover, the role of hepatic venous blood under liver ischemia was discussed. Seventy percent of the rat ...

To elucidate the pathogenesis of halothane-induced hepatopathy, the changes of hepatic tissue phospholipid peroxidation, malondialdehydes (MDAs), and antioxidative enzyme activities were examined in the portal vein arterialized dogs with halothane inhalation. In group A, which was given halothane inhalation under the hepatic blood flow volume less than 10% of pre-operation ...

INTRODUCTION: The mechanism of action of N-acetylcysteine in early acetaminophen poisoning is well understood, but much remains to be learned of the mechanism of its possible benefit in acetaminophen poisoning presenting beyond 15 hours. METHODS: Selective review of medical literature. N-acetylcysteine should be used in all cases of early acetaminophen ...

This study was conducted to examine the immediate effects of hepatic surgical denervation on the hepatic blood flow in anesthetized dogs. A surgical denervation model was created by removing all visible nerves around the portal vein, the hepatic artery and the bile duct along with the peri-hepatic tissues. The hepatic ...

The hepatocellular entry of 4-methylumbelliferyl sulfate (4MUS) a highly ionized and highly bound anion capable of futile cycling, was examined in the single-pass albumin-free perfused rat liver preparation. Desulfation of 4MUS to 4-methylumbelliferone (4MU) was verified in vitro to be a low-affinity, high-capacity process (Km = 731 micromol/L; Vmax = ...

BACKGROUND: The removal of recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA; alteplase) by the liver is so rapid that liver blood flow becomes rate determining for its clearance. In patients with myocardial infarction changes in liver blood flow may result from impaired cardiac performance or drug treatment. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the effect ...

BACKGROUND: It is unclear how the liver contributes to regulation of cardiac filling. The aims of this study were to establish an animal model to quantify hepatic vascular capacitance and to determine the mechanisms whereby catecholamines and sodium nitroprusside modify hepatic blood volume. METHODS AND RESULTS: In 8 anesthetized pigs ...

In a previous study, no limitations to urea transfer across the parietal peritoneum were demonstrated with decreases in local blood flow of 70%. It was hypothesized that the visceral peritoneum would have similar characteristics. To address this problem at the tissue level, diffusion chambers were affixed to the serosal side ...

BACKGROUND: Anesthesia in orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) may carry with complex hemodynamic, body temperature, and metabolic alterations. Although OLT cases increased in recent years in Taiwan, experiences remained limited. Notable advantage of low flow anesthesia may include reduced consumption of anesthetic gases and vapors, reduced environmental pollution and cost-saving. This ...

99mTc-galactosyl human serum albumin (99mTc-GSA) scintigraphy is a new method for evaluating liver function. This scintigraphy is useful for evaluating the severity of liver diseases. The indices evaluating hepatic function include the receptor index (LHL15) and the index of blood clearance (HH15). These indices are calculated on the basis of ...

This study was performed to evaluate the application of spectral analysis (SA) to hepatobiliary dynamic scintigraphy with 99Tcm-N-pyridoxyl-5-methyltryptophan (99Tcm-PMT) in 82 patients with a wide range of liver function, and to compare it with compartment analysis (CA) and deconvolution analysis (DA). The rate of uptake of PMT by the liver ...

Hepatic oxygen supply, energy charge (EC), and histology were examined comparatively in dogs with portal vein anastomosis (PVA group), and PA in addition to PVA (PA group). The PVA group showed a lower level of hepatic oxygen supply than those of the PA group throughout the experimental period, and also ...

BACKGROUND: Enhanced production of endothelin-1 (ET-1), vasoconstrictive 21 amino acids produced by endothelial cells during ischemia and after reperfusion of the liver, is known to cause sinusoidal constriction and microcirculatory disturbances, which lead to severe tissue damage. Using a 2-hour hepatic vascular exclusion model in dogs, we tested our hypothesis ...

BACKGROUND: Laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) can measure blood flow in the hepatic microcirculation. Adequate graft perfusion is essential to the outcome of organ transplantation and has not previously been measured during operation in liver transplant recipients. METHODS: LDF was carried out during operation in 22 human liver grafts after restoring ...

The hemodynamic disturbances produced by total hepatic vascular exclusion (THVE) for 40 minutes were studied in 7 pigs (19-22 kg). THVE was produced by clamping the hepatic pedicle and inferior vena cava, above and below the liver, for a 40-minutes period, followed by unclamping. Compared to baseline values, 30 minutes ...

Impaired microvascular oxygen supply reduces oxidative phosphorylation and causes an increase in cellular NADH, which was monitored densitometrically in vivo by high-resolution fluorescence microscopy (330-390/ > 430 nm excitation/emission wavelengths) in rat livers (n = 8) subjected to hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation. At each time point, NADH fluorescence was recorded ...

BACKGROUND: The recombinant unglycosylated single chain urokinase-type plasminogen activator saruplase is cleared for a large part by the liver. A large interindividual variation in saruplase concentration is found in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients. The variable cardiac performance after an infarct may induce differences in liver blood flow that could ...

The arterial ketone body ratio (AKBR) has been proposed as an accurate indicator of liver mitochondrial redox potential. However, the efficacy of the AKBR as a biochemical marker has been recently called into question. To resolve this issue, we studied the effect of temporary vascular occlusion on the AKBR during ...

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Recently, along with the progression of hepatic surgery, the in situ hypothermic perfusion technique has been used for major hepatic resection. The aim of this study was to elucidate the utility of the hypothermic perfusion technique in hepatic resection. METHODOLOGY: Two experimental models: a Total Vascular Occlusion group (TVO) ...

In a first experiment, 28 specific pathogen-free chickens aged 3 weeks showed clinical signs 1 to 5 days after intramuscular inoculation with Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae. Twelve of 28 birds died 2 to 4 days after inoculation. Macroscopically, the liver, spleen and kidneys were seen to be enlarged and congested. Histologically, fibrinous ...

Since the effects of respiration, nutrition, and exercise on blood flow in the hepatic vein are not well understood, the objective of this study was to determine the hemodynamic influence of these factors on hepatic venous circulation using Doppler ultrasonographic tracings. The venous blood flow of the middle hepatic vein ...

BACKGROUND: Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) has been reported to have a protective effect in experimental and clinical models of liver damage. The aim of this study was to elucidate the effects of the intraportal infusion of PGE1 on hepatic blood flow and graft viability after orthotopic liver transplantation in pigs. METHODS: ...

The energy requirement of ewes increases during pregnancy. In late pregnancy, approximately 40% of the increase in heat production can be attributed to increases in heat production by nonreproductive tissues. The objective of this study was to determine the pattern of oxygen consumption by the portal-drained viscera (PDV) and liver ...

BACKGROUND: Recent studies provide evidence that nitric oxide (NO) has beneficial effects in hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether nitric oxide is involved in the regulation of hepatic microvascular perfusion after warm hepatic ischemia. Therefore, we performed a study using in vivo fluorescence microscopy. ...

To determine the role of the liver in the elimination of free radicals from the body, the clearance rate (K) of nitroxide radicals (Tempol) at the hepatic domain was compared with that at the pelvic domain of live mice, using L-band ESR spectroscopy. The reduction of Tempol in biopsy specimens ...

BACKGROUND: It has been proposed that halogenated anaesthetics interfere with the endothelium-dependent circulatory control by attenuating the effects of endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF/NO). This study was designed to determine whether or not volatile anaesthetics in vivo influence the microvascular tone in hepatic sinusoids. METHODS: Using epifluorescence videomicroscopy, we compared the ...

We explored the effects of norepinephrine on blood flow distribution and oxygen extraction capabilities during hyperdynamic endotoxic shock. Twelve anesthetized and mechanically ventilated dogs received 2 mg/kg of Escherichia coli endotoxin followed by a general saline infusion and were then randomly divided into two groups: six received norepinephrine (1 microg/kg/min), ...

We determined the role of nitric oxide (NO) and endothelins (ETs) in the regulation of hepatic blood flow during resuscitation from hemorrhagic shock (HS) in anesthetized rats. Volume resuscitation restored systemic hemodynamics and increased hepatic arterial and portal venous flow above baseline in the vehicle group. Presence of N omega-nitro-L-arginine ...

Liver cell recruitment (the equivalent of capillary recruitment in other organs) was explored by carrying out multiple indicator dilution experiments with labeled rubidium across the liver of the anesthetized dog under basal conditions and after bleeding with saline replacement infusion, which increases liver blood flow. A mixture of 51Cr-labeled red ...

We evaluated the anatomic variations of the middle right hepatic vein (MRHV) and inferior right hepatic vein (IRHV) and their clinical application to the possibility of right subtotal hepatectomy. In 400 of normal livers studied with ultrasound, the IRHV was found to drain segment 6 of the liver and flow ...

Despite the utility of prosthetic silo reduction techniques, surgical treatment of giant omphaloceles containing herniated liver may result in acute compromise of hepatic vascular flow. The authors report a case of an infant with a giant omphalocele containing liver, in whom hepatic vascular compromise was suspected during the course of ...

BACKGROUND: Laser-induced thermotherapy is a minimally invasive method that can be applied percutaneously or during laparotomy for the treatment of malignant liver tumours. The aim of this experimental study was to investigate whether the laparoscopic approach is suitable for laser-induced thermotherapy. Laparoscopic ultrasonography was tested as an aid to intrahepatic ...

Systemic and hepatic circulatory changes were studied in rats over the course of acute liver injury. Hepatic injury was induced by intraperitoneal injection of D-galactosamine (1.1 g/kg), and systemic and hepatic hemodynamics were measured over a 72-h period using a radioactive microsphere technique with direct measurement of arterial, portal venous, ...

BACKGROUND: Previously, arterial concentrations of the essential branched chain amino acid isoleucine (Ile) were found to have decreased by more than 50% after gastrointestinal haemorrhage in patients and after intragastric blood administration in healthy humans and pigs. Hypothetically, this induced hypoisoleucinaemia could deplete tissue Ile pools. AIMS: To study the ...

The effects of hepatic denervation on liver blood flow and the influence of the denervation on the hemodynamic response to exogenously administered agents remain equivocal. This study examined the effects of the beta 2-adrenoceptor agonist, terbutaline, on liver blood flow and how these effects were influenced by surgical hepatic denervation ...

This study was designed to investigate the effects of desflurane on systemic and splanchnic hemodynamics, O2 delivery and O2 uptake, tissue oxygenation (as monitored by surface PO2 electrodes), and hepatic oxygen-dependent intermediary metabolism (hepatic lactate uptake, intestinal lactate production, ketone-body ratio) in the pig. We studied 11 anesthetized (i.e., ketamine, ...

BACKGROUND: Because of the well-known negative effects of carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum on the hemodynamic and respiratory system, it was questionable how pneumoperitoneum may affect hepatic and renal blood flow. Therefore the influences of different gases, different intraperitoneal pressures, and different body positions on hepatic and renal blood flow were investigated ...

Isolated organ perfusion is used in clinical practice for chemotherapy in adults with malignant tumors. However, it has not been performed in children because of the size mismatch with the adult circuits. The authors have previously studied isolated liver perfusion in small animals using the self-regulating extracorporeal membrane oxygenation circuit. ...

Novel superparamagnetic particles coated with a phospholipid and a surfactant were characterized and evaluated in vivo. These particles (SBPA) were shown to exhibit r2 relaxivities in the range of 350-450 mM-1.s-1, r1 values of 8-12 mM-1.s-1 and sizes of 50-80 nm. Preliminary results of pharmacokinetics were obtained in rats following ...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Several investigations indicated that laser Doppler flowmetry on the liver surface reflects relative changes of the total liver blood flow. In this study, Laser Doppler Perfusion Imaging (LDI), monitoring the surface only, was used for measurements of tissue perfusion of normal and/or impaired liver, pancreas, spleen, stomach ...

OBJECTIVE: Apparent cyclosporin A (CSA) blood levels, as determined by fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) and enzyme-multiplied immunoassay technique (EMIT), were compared in CSA-treated patients with various degrees of liver dysfunction. METHODS: FPIA and EMIT were performed in parallel according to test manufacturer instructions in blood from kidney (n = 82), ...

Isoflurane has been considered the agent of choice where preservation of splanchnic blood flow is required. Liver blood flow and the hepatic artery buffer response are maintained better in the presence of isoflurane than with other volatile anaesthetic agents. The effects of desflurane have not been assessed in humans. Therefore, ...

There are few comparative studies of vertebrate antioxidant defenses (AD) in the literature. Enzymatic (superoxide dismutase, SOD, and catalase, CAT) and non-enzymatic (alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene, ubiquinol 10 and blood glutathione) antioxidant defenses were investigated in the liver and blood of 37 fish species, 15 marine species of the southeastern Brazilian coast ...

Hepatic blood flow is regulated by the autonomic nervous system; however, blood flow through the denervated liver has been controversial. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the changes in hepatic blood flow caused by experimental hepatic denervation during the intravenous infusions of catecholamines (dopamine or dobutamine) with or ...

Knowledge regarding the in vivo metabolic fate of the glycoprotein erythropoietin (EPO) is incomplete. To determine whether EPO pharmacokinetics are perturbed by ablation of the kidneys or liver or by anesthesia, EPO pharmacokinetic parameters were determined in adult sheep. Animals were studied in a paired manner, with and without deep ...

Indocyanine green (ICG) is a reliable indicator reflecting hepatocyte function and hepatic blood flow. Prostaglandin E1 (PGE) has been indicated to increase hepatic blood flow and protect the hepatocyte. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether PGE influences the ICG disappearance rate in patients with hepatic resection. Eleven ...