We investigate a small glucose sensor that uses a flow-through enzyme bed and reaction endpoint approach that seems particularly suited to microdialysis-type subcutaneous or intravascular glucose sensors. The particular configuration has the advantage of relative insensitivity to blood oxygen changes and also to factors which affect enzyme activity compared to ...

The effect of pressure was investigated on the readings of whole blood glucose obtained from the Bayer Glucometer 4 blood glucose meter which uses the hexokinase enzymatic reaction. Sixteen subjects (eight normal and eight insulin-dependent diabetics) were exercised in a hyperbaric chamber at a depth of 3.7 atm abs. Venous ...

OBJECTIVE: To test whether dioxins affect liver and thyroid function, lipid metabolism and glucose or immunological variables, in workers exposed to brominated dioxins and furans. METHODS: 34 male production employees (29 were extruder operators) and eight technical support personnel were studied, all of whom were potentially exposed to polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the reliability of five blood glucose meters (BGMs) at various simulated altitudes using a hypobaric chamber. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Blood glucose levels (ranged from 1.5 to 26.3 mmol/l, according to the reference method) were measured in 18 venous blood samples by each BGM at 200, 1,000, ...

The cerebral metabolic rate of glucose consumption (CMRGlc) was measured throughout brains of rats with 1) portacaval shunts created for 2 wk, followed by restoration of normal blood circulation for 2 wk; 2) portacaval shunts created for 2 wk, followed by a sham operation and 2 wk of recovery; 3) ...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the accuracy of home blood glucose meters during hypoglycemia. METHODS: Six blood glucose meters-One Touch II (LifeScan, Milpitas, CA), Companion II (Medisense, Cambridge, U.K.), Reflolux (Boehringer Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany), Accutrend (Boehringer Mannheim), Elite (Bayer, Munich, Germany), and HemoCue (HemoCue, Angelholm, Sweden)-were compared with a reference method (Beckman ...

The effects of the xanthine derivative propentofylline [3-methyl-1-(5'-oxohexyl)-7-propylxanthine] were measured on local cerebral blood flow and glucose utilization in the rat using quantitative autoradiographic techniques. A dose of 0.5 mg/kg/min i.v. produced increases in local cerebral blood flow and minimal effects on glucose utilization in the majority of cerebral structures ...

The insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and its receptors are widely distributed in peripheral vascular tissue, yet their role in the regulation of blood pressure and blood flow remains unknown. This study investigated the effect of IGF-I on blood pressure and selected regional blood flow in normal Wistar rats anesthetized with ...

Rapid and reliable determination of blood glucose concentration is essential during the neonatal period to prevent adverse neurodevelopmental outcome from hypoglycaemia. Despite their unreliability, reagent strip methods continue to be used extensively in neonatal nurseries due to their rapidity and convenience. Recently, a new portable laboratory standard technique has been ...

Patients with coronary artery disease or heart failure have been shown to be insulin resistant. Whether in these patients heart muscle participates in the insulin resistance, and whether reduced blood flow is a mechanism for such resistance is not known. We measured heart and skeletal muscle blood flow and glucose ...

The hypothesis proposed is that ischemic cell death is a metabolic event as evidenced by ischemic contracture. There is a protective role for glycolytic ATP and for some drugs. There must be enough coronary flow to deliver the glucose. It appears that provision of glucose and restoration of blood flow ...

The rates of the production and utilization of blood glucose were measured during intravenous epinephrine infusion (2.0 nmol kg-1 min-1 for 1 hr) in sheep. An isotope dilution method with an infusion of [U-13C]glucose and nonsteady-state equations were used for the determination of blood glucose kinetics. Heart rate and concentrations ...

Bismuth modified platinum electrodes are used for constant-potential amperometric determination of carbohydrates in flow systems. The monitored response is stable and reproducible over more than two days. An attempt is made to gain more detailed information about the characteristics of the modified layer by electrochemical methods and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. ...

Experiments were carried out on fasted anaesthetized dogs. A vein draining a segment of the upper jejunum was cannulated for blood flow measurement and blood samples were obtained for measurement of glucose content of the arterial blood and venous blood from the upper jejunal segment. Glucose uptake was calculated as ...

Neonatal hypoglycaemia remains a controversial issue. Uncertainty surrounds what constitutes the optimal safe blood glucose for newborn babies. There are good reasons and evidence for maintaining blood glucose greater than 2.5 mmol/L in newborn babies. Since 1986 neonatal paediatricians have changed in their definition of neonatal hypoglycaemia. Ideally, screening of ...

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular risk factors were compared between two samples of urban middle-aged healthy men investigated in 1980-1983 (n = 106) and 1991-1992 (n = 118), respectively. METHODS: All subjects, who served as controls in an ongoing study on mechanisms behind myocardial infarction, were randomly selected from a register that contains ...

A method to monitor glucose in whole blood is presented. The aim of the project was to develop a prototype for a bedside monitor system for semi-continuous monitoring of the blood glucose concentration, requiring only one calibration. This was made possible by using the special advantage of the thermal sensor ...

It has been a long established principle in the treatment of diabetes that the patient or his/her family is responsible for day-to-day monitoring of metabolic control. It is believed that this concept should also now be applied in phenylketonuria. At present, self-monitoring of blood phenylalanine still requires assaying the phenylalanine ...

Cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has revealed white matter changes in patients with phenylketonuria (PKU), an inborn error of metabolism with increased plasma phenylalanine level. Because the significance of these lesions is unknown, this study was undertaken to determine whether glucose metabolism was depressed in cerebral white matter MRI changes ...

Studying responses of live cells to agonists, antagonists and other physical stimuli offers insight into their complex membrane and internal biochemistry. An experimental technique has been developed in which responses of living cells in an inverted radial flow chamber are continuously monitored while being repeatedly stimulated using controlled pulses of ...

The reliability of the dose uptake ratio (DUR), a widely used index of 18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (18FDG) metabolism in a variety of tumors, depends on the overall rate of removal of 18FDG from the circulation. Correcting for this factor is important if DUR is to be used quantitatively for pre- and post-treatment ...

Hyperglycemia induces regional hemodynamic changes, as suggested by animal studies. These hemodynamic changes may play an initiating role in the pathogenesis of diabetic microangiopathy. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of acute local hyperglycemia for 24 h on basal human forearm muscle and skin blood ...

In order to better understand the metabolic changes leading to death which take place in the chicken during acute heat stress, the blood composition was determined in surviving and non-surviving chickens. The following blood analytes were determined: glucose, uric acid, serum total proteins, inorganic phosphate, total and ionized calcium, sodium, ...

Preliminary in vitro studies and in vivo performance of amperometric glucose needle enzyme electrodes incorporating an open microflow technique, in which the sensor surface in subjected to a flow of fluid, are reported. Initially using a slow flow (60 microliters h-1) of isotonic phosphate buffer over the enzyme electrode tip, ...

An electron transfer mediator, 8-dimethylamino-2,3-benzophenoxazine (Meldola Blue), dissolved in the carrier solution in a flow-injection system, was found to reduce the oxidation potential for hydrogen peroxide from 600-1200 mV without mediator to-100 mV vs. Ag/AgCl with the mediator present. The very low background current of reticulated vitreous carbon (RVC) at ...

Using photoacoustic laser spectroscopy, the noninvasive determination of blood constituents like hemoglobin and glucose is feasible. The aim of our investigations is the development of a sensor which is suitable for continuously noninvasive monitoring of blood glucose concentrations in diabetic patients. For this purpose a photoacoustic sensor head was developed ...

During starvation, brain energy metabolism in humans changes toward oxidation of ketone bodies. To investigate if this shift is directly coupled to circulating blood concentrations of ketone bodies, we measured global cerebral blood flow (CBF) and global cerebral carbohydrate metabolism with the Kety-Schmidt technique before and during intravenous infusion with ...

In a previous open study on the metabolic effects of doxazosin in patients with essential hypertension, subgroup analysis indicated that subjects with an accumulation of risk factors for coronary heart disease (high VLDL triglycerides, low HDL cholesterol and high fasting blood glucose) seemed to benefit most from the metabolic actions ...

Changes in glucose consumption, lactate production, and blood oxygenation were measured during prolonged neuronal activation (4-6 min) in human primary visual cortex using dynamic magnetic resonance spectroscopy and imaging. A decrease of steady-state glucose by 40% because of enhanced use by 21% was accompanied by a transient accumulation of lactate ...

OBJECTIVES: To insure commutability (equivalence) between whole blood and plasma glucose values and to assess potential interferences in glucose oxidase methods. DESIGN AND METHODS: We compared plasma glucose results by the Ektachem 700 analyzer to glucose results on whole blood by the Nova Stat Profile 6, and by the YSI ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the influence of maternal blood contamination on amniotic fluid (AF) glucose and white blood cell count (WBC). METHODS: Amniotic fluid from 23 preterm, nondiabetic pregnant women was studied. Maternal blood was added to the AF at increasing concentrations, and glucose and WBCs were assessed. RESULTS: The median ...

The effect of vasoactive stimuli on cerebral blood flow (CBF) has been variously reported as normal or impaired by hypoglycemia. We measured regional CBF (rCBF) in contralateral somato-sensory cortex at rest and during vibrotactile stimulation of one hand in four normal awake human volunteers during fasting euglycemia (5.1-5.2 mumol/ml) with ...

In this paper, results from two studies are presented. (1) Sixty-eight diabetics registered their blood glucose levels both as estimated and as measured and they indicated the intensity of 20 symptoms on a symptom checklist. Data were assessed twice a day over a 30-day period. During this period, blood glucose ...

The study determined 1) whether the pretreatment of calves with recombinant bovine somatotropin (bST, sometribove) would alter the change in packed cell volume (PCV), rectal temperature (RT), and the plasma concentrations of Ca2+, Fe2+, glucose (G), urea N (PUN), nonesterified free fatty acids (NEFA), albumin (ALB), and blood cell populations ...

A strip of tread compound cut from a truck tire was degraded only slightly when it was used as the sole growth substrate for a strain of Nocardia. On the contrary, its degradation was markedly enhanced by addition of a strip cut from a latex glove which the organism readily ...

OBJECTIVE: The objective of our study was to assess the influence of hematocrit (HCT), partial pressure of oxygen (PO2), and blood glucose level upon results obtained with three different blood glucose reagent strip tests used in conjunction with the appropriate meter: BM-Test 1-44, BM-Accutest, and Satellite G. METHODS: Our study ...

Cholinergic systems are markedly affected both in cortical and subcortical cerebral areas of patients with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). To determine whether it is possible to modify the clinical picture of PSP through the enhancement of brain cholinergic neurotransmission, we studied the effects of physostigmine, an anticholinesterase reference drug, on ...

To assess the accuracy and reliability of reflectance photometers in estimating blood glucose concentrations, two were assessed: the Ames Glucometer 3 (Bayer Diagnostics) with Glucofilm Test strips; and the Reflolux S (Boehringer Mannheim) with BM Test Glycemia 20-800 strips. These were compared with laboratory blood glucose estimations in 100 assays ...

Insulin has important effects to increase skeletal muscle (leg) blood flow under euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp conditions and after oral glucose tolerance testing. The present studies examined the effects of mixed meal consumption on the components of leg glucose uptake (LGU) in lean, healthy adults. Seventeen men and women underwent measures ...

Clinical blood chemistry was studied on 13 Andalusian horses with laminitis. Ten healthy horses were used as controls. Blood samples were taken within the first 24 hr after the onset of the disease in Obel grade 3 before any type of treatment was given. No significant differences were observed in ...

A selective medium, blood-glucose-liver agar containing oxgall (.2 mg/ml) and gentamicin (30 micrograms/ml), was formulated for the selective enumeration of bifidobacteria in fermented dairy products containing both lactobacilli and streptococci. Recovery rates of bifidobacteria on this selective medium were around 90% of recovery on blood-glucose-liver agar. Strains of lactobacilli and ...

Capillary blood glucose monitoring devices (CBGMs) that incorporate "wipeless" technology recently have been designed and marketed for hospital use. Our objective was to evaluate three such devices for accuracy and precision, comparing them to a popular device that utilizes older technology and to a reference standard. Blood glucose level was ...

We used the ConstaVac drainage retransfusion system in 32 patients operated on with cemented tricompartmental knee arthroplasty. The mean total postoperative bleeding was 1.1 L of which 0.7 L was retransfused within 8 hours postoperatively. Samples were taken from the venous blood and drain blood at 2 hours and 6-8 ...

Radial columns in the cerebral cortex, sometimes seen in autoradiographic methods for measuring cerebral blood flow, were studied. Radioactively labeled tracers were injected into the internal carotid artery in pentobarbital sodium-anesthetized rats. The cortical patterns of tracer uptake were determined using autoradiography. When tracers for measuring cerebral blood flow were ...

For further insight into the physiology and pathogenesis of the developing brain, quantification of the cerebral glucose metabolism is needed. Arterial blood sampling or sampling of great volumes of blood is not justified for the purpose of PET studies in children. Therefore, we have developed simplified PET approaches to analyze ...

OBJECTIVE: In sporadic cases of olivopontocerebellar atrophy (OPCA), to determine whether local cerebral blood flow (lCBF) is reduced, whether lCBF is coupled to local cerebral metabolic rate for glucose (lCMRglc), and whether lCBF measurements are potentially useful in diagnosing OPCA. DESIGN: Positron emission tomography was used with [15O]H2O to measure ...

OBJECTIVE: We determined the ability of capillary whole blood glucose concentrations to predict venous plasma and whole blood glucose levels. METHODS: During a standard oral glucose tolerance test in 29 pregnant women, paired capillary and venous blood samples were collected for analysis of glucose concentrations by the HemoCue photometer and ...

The energy metabolism of the adult human brain almost completely depends on glucose. The functional coupling of regional cerebral blood flow and local cerebral glucose metabolism has been established in a wide range of experiments using autoradiographic techniques in rats, cats, and monkeys as well as double-tracer techniques in humans. ...

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability for glucose and beta-hydroxybutyrate (beta-OHB) was studied by the intravenous double-indicator method in nine healthy subjects before and after 3.5 days of starvation. In fasting, mean arterial plasma glucose decreased and arterial concentration of beta-OHB increased, whereas cerebral blood flow remained unchanged. The permeability-surface area ...

It has recently been recognized that the ability of insulin to augment blood flow is reduced in insulin-resistant conditions such as obesity and noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Normal aging is characterized by resistance to insulin-mediated glucose uptake. We undertook the following studies with the hypothesis that the resistance to insulin-mediated glucose ...