Chronic imaging of cerebral blood flow (CBF) is an important tool for investigating vascular remodeling after injury such as stroke. Although techniques such as Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging (LSCI) have emerged as valuable tools for imaging CBF in acute experiments, their utility for chronic measurements or cross-animal comparisons has been ...

Abstract This study examined the effects of a hypnosis intervention on the performance and flow-state experiences of an elite senior European Tour golf professional. The experimental effect was assessed during 11 Senior European Tour golf events. Performance and flow data were analyzed using a single-subject design combined with a procedure ...

INTRODUCTION: There is no single blood marker for prediction of prognosis in ischemic stroke. The combination of multiple blood markers may enhance the predictability of long-term outcome following ischemic stroke. METHODS: Blood concentrations of neuronal markers (NSE, VSNL-1, hFABP, and Ngb), astroglial markers (S100B and GFAP), inflammatory markers (IL-6, TNF-alpha, ...

Insufficient vascular reserve after an ischemic stroke may induce biochemical cascades that subsequently deteriorate the blood-brain barrier (BBB) function. However, the direct relationship between poor cerebral blood volume (CBV) restoration and BBB disruption has not been examined in acute stroke. To quantify BBB integrity at acute stages of transient stroke, ...

Objectives Ischemia, edema, elevated intracranial pressure, and reduced blood flow can occur in the brain as a result of ischemic stroke, including contralateral to the stroke via a process known as diaschisis. In this study, ultrasound elastography, an imaging process sensitive to the stiffness of tissue, including its relative fluid ...

A systematic review was performed to assess whether cerebral blood flow with different imaging modalities could identify brain abnormalities in children with sickle cell disease where structural magnetic resonance imaging and transcranial Doppler velocity appeared normal. A total of 11 studies were identified which reported cerebral blood flow abnormalities alongside ...

Cerebral ischemia, a focal or global insufficiency of blood flow to the brain, can arise through multiple mechanisms, including thrombosis and arterial hemorrhage. Ischemia is a major driver of stroke, one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. While the general etiology of cerebral ischemia and stroke has ...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate hemodynamic response pattern and spatiotemporal propagation of cortical spreading depolarization in the peri-infarct region of malignant hemispheric stroke. METHODS: In this prospective observational case study we used intraoperative laser speckle technology to measure cerebral blood flow in patients with malignant hemispheric stroke. Additionally, postoperative occurrence of cortical ...

OBJECTIVES: No ideal blood marker exists for the diagnosis of ischemic stroke. Combined use of multiple blood markers would enhance the ability of clinical diagnosis of ischemic stroke. Design and methods Blood concentrations of neuronal markers (NSE, VSNL-1, hFABP, and Ngb), astroglial markers (S100B and GFAP), inflammatory markers (IL-6 and ...

Cerebral ischemic stroke is one of the most prevalent diseases in senior individuals. Its therapeutical strategies include anticoagulation, thrombolysis and cell protection. Tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) that interacts with thrombin for the lysis of thrombosis is widely used to treat stroke patients in early stage. The mechanism of action of ...

This paper describes a novel optical method for label-free quantitative imaging of cerebral blood flow (CBF) and intracellular motility (IM) in the rodent cerebral cortex. This method is based on a technique that integrates dynamic light scattering (DLS) and optical coherence tomography (OCT), named DLS-OCT. The technique measures both the ...

Despite advances in the diagnosis and treatment of acute ischaemic stroke in the past two decades, stroke has remained the third cause of mortality and the single leading cause of disability worldwide. The immediate goal of acute ischaemic stroke therapy is to salvage the ischaemic penumbra through recanalisation of the ...

Transfused blood can disrupt the coagulation cascade. We postulated that packed red blood cell (PRBC) transfusion may be associated with thromboembolic phenomena. We used propensity matching to examine the relationship between intraoperative PRBC transfusion and stroke during carotid endarterectomy (CEA). We selected CEA procedures from the American College of Surgeons ...

Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of adult disability and mortality. With over 15 million strokes occurring every year in the world, methods to better identify patients at risk for stroke are needed, as are methods to improve patient diagnosis and prognosis when stroke occurs. Use of blood-based biomarkers is ...

Ischemic stroke continues to be one of the most challenging diseases in translational neurology. Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) remains the only approved treatment for acute ischemic stroke, but its use is limited to the first hours after stroke onset due to an increased risk of hemorrhagic transformation over time resulting ...

In this study we investigated microcirculation in the lungs in their in situ physiological location inside the thorax. The study was performed with the use of a system of contact optics. A 'window', 4 × 4 mm in size, was made in thorax tissues and pleura of an anaesthetized rat. ...

Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability due to disturbance of blood supply to the brain. As brain is highly sensitive to hypoxia, insufficient oxygen supply is a critical event contributing to ischemic brain injury. Normobaric hyperoxia (NBO) that aims to enhance oxygen delivery to hypoxic tissues has ...

High flow nasal insufflations (NI) can improve gas exchange and alleviate dyspnea in patients with acute respiratory failure. In the present study we investigated the effects of high flow nasal insufflations in COPD patients with chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure (HRF). Seventeen patients with severe COPD and HRF were recruited. We ...

Stroke induces abnormal microcirculatory blood flow perfusion resistance in cerebral vascular beds, which may in turn alter the arterial pulse transmission. This study aimed to determine if the frequency-domain harmonic index for the blood-pressure waveform is useful in monitoring the microcirculatory blood flow perfusion response in cerebral vascular beds of ...

Current recommendations of stroke treatment favour a moderately elevated blood pressure in the acute phase, based on the concept of an improved cerebral perfusion. Here, cerebral blood flow was assessed in a case series of patients with acute hemodynamic stroke by means of transcranial colour-coded sonography (TCCS) to study the ...

The activation of blood coagulation leads to the formation of thrombin that, in turn, converts soluble plasma fibrinogen into insoluble fibrin clot. In healthy individuals, fibrin is effectively degraded; however, in prothrombotic states, proteolysis of fibrin clots are often delayed or even inhibited, and is associated with altered fibrin structure. ...

ABSTRACT. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) is critical for the maintenance of cerebral function by guaranteed constant oxygen and glucose supply to brain. Collateral channels (CCs) are recruited to provide alternatives to CBF to ischemic regions once the primary vessel is occluded during ischemic stroke. However, the knowledge of the relationship ...

Ischaemic stroke is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. While recombinant tissue plasminogen activator can be administered to produce thrombolysis and restore blood flow to the ischaemic brain, therapeutic benefit is only achieved in a fraction of the subset of patients eligible for fibrinolytic intervention. Neuroprotective ...

Although mechanical ventilation is a life-saving intervention in patients suffering from respiratory failure, prolonged mechanical ventilation is often associated with numerous complications including problematic weaning. In contracting skeletal muscle, inadequate oxygen supply can limit oxidative phosphorylation resulting in muscular fatigue. However, whether prolonged mechanical ventilation results in decreased diaphragmatic blood ...

Measurement of glutathione concentration for the study of redox status in subjects with neurological disease has been limited to peripheral markers. We recruited 19 subjects with large strokes. Using magnetic resonance spectroscopy we measured brain glutathione concentration in the stroke region and in healthy tissue to calculate a glutathione-ratio. Elevated ...

As endovascular therapy emerges as a principal approach to restore blood flow in the setting of acute stroke, better methods of patient selection need to be developed. Noninvasive studies of blood flow and angiographic results acquired prior to endovascular therapy may help determine areas of brain at risk of infarction ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: External counterpulsation (ECP) is a novel noninvasive method used to improve the perfusion of vital organs, which may benefit ischemic stroke patients. We hypothesized that ECP may augment cerebral blood flow of ischemic stroke patients via induced hypertension. METHODS: We recruited ischemic stroke patients with cerebral intracranial ...

Acute ischemic stroke develops from an interruption in focal cerebral blood flow. In many cases, it is caused by an acute thromboembolism. Although systemic fibrinolytic therapy for acute ischemic stroke has been a significant breakthrough in the management of this disease, additional agents and methods that could improve or restore ...

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) are associated with improved stroke outcome. This observation has been attributed in part to the palliative effect of statins on cerebral hemodynamics and cerebral autoregulation (CA), which are mediated mainly through the upregulation of endothelium nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Several animal studies indicate that statin pretreatment ...

Intraluminal middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model in rats has been widely used to mimic human ischemic stroke and serves as an indispensable tool in the stroke research field. One limitation of this model is its high variability in infarct volume. The cerebral blood flow (CBF) information after cerebrovascular occlusion ...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of whole-body plethysmography as a non-invasive method to determine the respiratory parameters and profiles in two tortoise species belonging to the genus Testudo. Pulmonary functions and volumetric parameters were determined in 10 adults of Testudo hermanni and in seven Testudo ...

OBJECTIVES:: Viral bronchiolitis is an acute infection and inflammatory disease of the respiratory tract, with infants typically presenting with the most severe symptoms. Medical management of bronchiolitis is mostly supportive. Several preliminary studies suggest potential benefit from the use of high-flow nasal cannula systems. Although high-flow nasal cannula is a ...

Background:Aerosolized perfluorocarbon (PFC) has been proposed as an alternative PFC administration method; however, the efficacy of aerosolized PFC in a preterm animal model has not yet been demonstrated.Methods:Twelve preterm lambs were randomized to two groups: a perfluorodecalin (PFD)-aerosol group (n=6) receiving 10 ml/kg/h of PFD delivered by an intratracheal inhalation catheter ...

This study aims at a functional and morphological characterization of the lung of a boid snake. In particular, we were interested to see if the python's lungs are designed with excess capacity as compared to resting and working oxygen demands. Therefore, the morphological respiratory diffusion capacity of ball pythons (Python ...

The use of nanoparticles in industry has increased spectacularly over the past few years. Additionally, nanoscale particles seem to be the cause of new professional exposure situations. Due to their size, these particles may build up within the respiratory tract and may even reach the nervous system via the nasal ...

We evaluated, by CFD simulation, effects of accessory ostium (AO) on maxillary sinus ventilation. A 3-Dimensional nasal model was constructed from an adult CT scan with two left maxillary AOs (sinus I) and one right AO (sinus II), then compared to an identical control model with all AOs sealed (sinuses ...

It is known that alterations in respiratory gases in birds can cause a nonhomogenous redistribution of pulmonary blood flow between the 2 separate gas-exchanging regions of the avian lung, the paleopulmo (PALEO) and neopulmo (NEO); however, the effect of alterations in respired gas content on the distribution of pulmonary blood ...

We measured the time it takes to reach the desired inspired anesthetic concentration using the Primus (Drägerwerk, AG, Lübeck, Germany) and the Avance (GE Datex-Ohmeda, Munich, Germany) anesthesia machines with toddler and newborn ventilation settings. The time to reach 95% of inspired target sevoflurane concentration was measured during wash-in from ...

A 19-year-old man affected with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome that was unresponsive to medical treatment was successfully weaned without anticoagulation therapy from venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) because of life-threatening bleeding. The patient received venovenous ECMO with double peripheral cannulation. Heparin infusion was discontinued on day 10 for severe ...

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between cough peak flows (CPFs) before and after tracheostomy tube removal (decannulation) in patients with neuromuscular respiratory muscle weakness. DESIGN: For 26 patients with occluded tracheostomies (capped or Passy-Muir valve), spontaneous CPF (CPFsp), CPF after lung volume recruitment (CPFLVR), ...

The following recommendations, which aim at improving the clinical diagnosis ofTRALI and the laboratory investigations that can support it, were drawn up by a working group of the Superior Health Council. TRALI is a complication of blood transfusion that is both serious and underreported. Systematic reporting may help to develop ...

A thoracic artificial lung (TAL) provides respiratory support for lung disease. How well a TAL improves blood oxygenation for a specific pathology depends on how the TAL is attached to the pulmonary circulation: in series with the natural lungs (NLs), in parallel, or in a hybrid series/parallel combination. A computational ...

Measurement of regional blood flow to the respiratory muscles has traditionally been invasive. The blood flow index (BFI), a minimally invasive method using indocyanine green dye (ICG) and near infrared spectroscopy, allows assessment of within subject changes in regional blood flow. This study assessed regional BFI to the vastus lateralis ...

Abstract We describe an innovative computer-based method for the analysis of gas flow using a modified airway management technique to perform percutaneous dilatational tracheotomy (PDT) with a rigid tracheotomy endoscope (TED). A test lung was connected via an artificial trachea with the tracheotomy endoscope and ventilated using superimposed high-frequency jet ...

Background:A lyophilized formulation of lucinactant has been developed to simplify preparation and dosing. Endotracheal administration of surfactant can be associated with potentially harmful transient hemodynamic changes including a decrease in cerebral blood flow (CBF) and O(2) delivery to the brain. Efficacy and peridosing effects of poractant alfa and a lyophilized ...

Objective: To estimate the efficiency of a cough assistance device, the Cough Aid, in patients with weak respiratory muscles with bulbar palsy and/or tracheostomy. The Cough Aid is a device that has been developed to substitute for glottis function. Design: Before-after trial. Subjects/patients: A total of 74 patients with bulbar ...

ABSTRACT: INTRODUCTION: Inspiratory flow pattern influences CO2 elimination by affecting the time the tidal volume remains resident in alveoli. This time is expressed in terms of mean distribution time (MDT), which is the time available for distribution and diffusion of inspired tidal gas within resident alveolar gas. In healthy and ...

Portable battery-driven oxygen concentrators provide an alternative to the use of oxygen cylinders for treatment of hypoxemia during field anesthesia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of the EverGo Portable Oxygen Concentrator (Respironics, Murrysville, Pennsylvania 15668, USA) with pulse-dose delivery for improvement of arterial oxygenation during ...

BACKGROUND: /st>Extracorporeal lung support is effective to prevent hypoxaemia and excessive hypercapnia with respiratory acidosis in acute respiratory distress syndrome. Miniaturized veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (mECMO) and arterio-venous pumpless extracorporeal lung assist (pECLA) were compared for respiratory and haemodynamic response and extracorporeal gas exchange and device characteristics. METHODS: /st>After induction ...

Despite increased risk of a recurrent stroke following a minor stroke, information is minimal regarding the interaction between injurious mild cerebral ischemic episodes and the possible treatments which might be effective. The aim of the current study was to investigate recurrent ischemic stroke and whether resveratrol, a nutritive polyphenol with ...