To establish which constituents of blood influence the NMR relaxation time T1 of water protons in malignant blood diseases, 55 blood samples were studied (20 from healthy donors and 35 from patients with leukaemia, myelofibrosis and multiple myeloma). Relaxation time measurements were performed at 19.8 MHz resonance frequency and at ...

Blood CO2 exchange involves at least five separate diffusion and/or chemical reaction processes occurring simultaneously, the rates of several of which have been measured in vitro. Estimation of the influence of the velocity of a single process on the overall rate of CO2 exchange requires calculations using a mathematical model ...

The rate of transcapillary exchange of substances delivered to or removed from the tissue by blood depends on the concentration difference across the capillary wall. This concentration difference results in an osmotic effect that can have considerable influence on capillary-tissue fluid exchange. However, fluid exchange also affects the plasma and ...

The effect of work rate increase in ramp work tests was studied in six healthy subjects. Each subject exercised on a cycle ergometer with the work rate incremented by either 65.4 W . min-1 and 49.0 W . min-1 for the fast ramps or 8.2 W . min-1 and 6.1 ...

Blood supply to the nasal cavity of the sheep has been grossly studied on 25 specimens by employing different injection techniques. Following intramuscular injection of Rompun solution (Xylazine hydrochloride, 10 mg/lb body weight), the animals were killed either by bleeding or decapitation. Subsequently, the heads were perfused with physiologic saline ...

The application of an anionic macroreticular ion exchange resin, coated with a thin cross-linked albumin layer, as a hemoperfusion device for the removal of unconjugated bilirubin from the blood of hyperbilirubinemic newborn babies is reviewed. In vivo hemoperfusion runs with hyperbilirubinemic animal models - either by a choledocho-suprarenal vein shunt ...

Adult sheep received a single intravenous injection of 35S-thiamin. Blood and urine samples were taken at short intervals for the following 180 minutes and analyzed for 35S-radioactivity. Tracer disappearance from blood followed three-exponential functions. It was shown by computer simulation of different compartment models that a serial as well as ...

Peripheral blood lymphocytes from normal donors were exposed to mitomycin C 0.01 microgram/ml, proflavine 0.4 microgram/ml, and 3H-uridine 3.7 Bq/ml and analyzed for the incidence of sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs). Cellular proliferation in the presence of these three agents was also measured by determining the number of first, second, and ...

A 65-year-old woman was rehospitalized for increasing mental confusion 16 days after open heart surgery for mitral stenosis. A diagnosis of transfusion-acquired falciparum malaria was made from a routine peripheral blood smear 24 hours after admission. Because progressive encephalopathy developed while she was receiving antimalarial drugs, a therapeutic exchange transfusion ...

A technique that permits isovolumetric partial exchange transfusion is presented, with experience from 10 partial exchange transfusions in five obstetric patients with sickle cell disease. The technique is performed in an outpatient setting and requires less than two hours once blood has been cross matched. A mathematical model of the ...

The hemodynamic effects of acute hemodilution with dextran 70 as dilutional agent were evaluated in a group of elderly patients (mean age 68, range 60-79 years) anesthetized with neurolept analgesia. The isovolemic exchange of 1.1 liter of blood (mean) with a 6% solution of dextran 70 decreased the hematocrit value ...

The sickle cell trait (Hgb-AS) and G-6-PD deficiency are two genetic defects which increase the hemolytic susceptibility of erythrocytes. As these two traits are common in Nigeria, blood transfusions with such defective cells are frequently given. In this study, the immediate and long-term effects of using either normal blood or ...

As a contribution to solving the problem of pH disequilibrium in arterial blood, the results of two modes of gas exchange in the lung have been calculated using an equilibrium state model of the blood. In both cases the HCO3-/Cl-exchange was assumed to occur after the gas exchange in the ...

Twelve newborn lambs less than 48 hr old had their high oxygen affinity blood exchanged for low-affinity fresh adult blood. Tissue oxygenation, hemodynamic status, blood gases, and myocardial function were compared before and after the exchange transfusion. The P50 was increased from 18 to 29 mm Hg after exchange transfusion; ...

Recent pharmacokinetic studies indicate that both flow and permeability contribute to intercompartmental clearance. A previous analysis of flow and permeability components of transcapillary exchange has been adapted to a three-compartment model of PA and NAPA pharmacokinetics. Data from a study that simultaneously determined the pharmacokinetic parameters of these two compounds ...

The advantages and disadvantages of centralized or decentralized reactive or predictive blood distribution systems are presented. A decentralized, predictive distribution system, being used by the Long Island Blood Service Division of the Greater New York Blood Program is described and its applicability to most regional blood supply organizations is emphasized.

A subminiature airflow sensor is described, which can discriminate between exhalation and inhalation, has good linearity and stability, and is small enough to fit inside the stoma button of a laryngectomee. The system employs two fast-response self-heated thermistors placed on opposing sides of an aerodynamic obstacle inside a tube; flow ...

Local cerebral blood flow (lCBF) and electroencephalogram were monitored in six monkeys after a transfusion using a perfluorochemical suspension (Fluosol-DA, 20%) that has been manufactured as a blood substitute and is known to be synthetic, biologically inert, and nontoxic and to have a high capacity for carrying oxygen. The animals ...

A patient with a hyperacute hemolytic crisis due to AIHA of the IgG type was treated by combined plasmapheresis and exchange transfusion. A discontinuous flow centrifuge was used. Immediately after the exchange the hemoglobin level rose from 2.6 to 9.8 g/dl. The D. A. T. became weakly positive and the ...

Only one of eight previously described patients with sickle cell intrahepatic cholestasis (SCIH) survived. Death usually resulted from liver failure and/or a hemorrhagic diathesis. This report deals with the successful treatment of SCIH by partial blood-plasma exchange transfusion. This treatment led to regression of hepatic encephalopathy, impending bleeding diathesis, and ...

Remission in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) was achieved in two patients after repeated exchange transfusion. Since both patients had renal insufficiency, exchange was performed with hemodialysis. This provided optimal volume control and facilitated the rapid exchange of blood. The infusion of plasma did not maintain the clinical improvement achieved with ...

Partial exchange transfusion is used to manage several of the complications of sickle cell anemia. Automated exchanges have been performed successfully in thirteen homozygous (SS) sickle cell patients and in one patient with hemoglobin SC. Although the expected acute increase in whole blood oxygen affinity occurred in each patient, there ...

The concentrations of total blood bilirubin, albumin-bound bilirubin, and the reserve and total bilirubin binding capacities of 35 neonatal blood samples (28 patients) were determined by automated front-face fluorometry ((hematofluorometer). These values were compared to results of diazo determinations, Sephadex gel filtration, and peroxidase-oxidation methods. Total blood bilirubin level by ...

Changes in mean arterial blood-pressure produced in five sick newborn infants by transfusion or exchange of blood products were accompanied by striking increases in cerebral blood-flow. These increases imply a failure of autoregulation. Four of the infants had a fatal intraventricular haemorrhage within 12 h of the observed change in ...

An 18-yr-old male with a severe ethchlorvynol (ECV) overdose was treated with Amberlite XAD-4 resin hemoperfusion. Plasma ECV concentration declined 33% during a 3.5-hr hemoperfusion, but rebounded substantially, peaking 6 hr later. It was estimated that 16% of ECV in the body was removed. Following hemoperfusion, plasma ECV concentrations declined ...

Serial-section reconstructions were used to study changes in morphology of the leucoplast and of flagellar apparatus during the vegetative life cycle of Polytoma papillatum. During interphase growth the volume of highly perforated leucoplast nearly doubled. The leucoplast of late interphase cells still had a deep cup shape (cyathiform), but several ...

This study was performed to assess the effects of equal volume plasma-for-blood exchanges in the chronically polycythemic dog. Red blood cells were periodically injected until the hematocrit exceeded 60%. Thereafter, the hemodynamic effects of five plasma-for-blood exchanges (8 ml/kg/exchange) were compared to values obtained during control, maximal polycythemia, and a ...

1. The blood flow to the ruminoreticulum of anaesthetized sheep was varied by changing the proportion of CO2 in the gas stirring solutions confined to this organ. 2. Clearance of tritiated water was thereby varied fourfold, from 10 to 44ml./min.100 g epithelium, with negligible net water movement. 4. Subepithelial blood ...

Eight patients with Raynaud's syndrome were treated by weekly plasma exchange for four weeks using a Haemonetics Model 30 Blood Processor. The mean whole-blood viscosity at a shear rate of 0.77/s was significantly lower after treatment, and the mean index of red-cell deformability was significantly improved. In four patients studied ...

A system using ion-exchange resins for the storage of whole blood was investigated. Blood was collected into CPD, thoroughly mixed and then divided into equal amounts. To one half of the split units, four grams of phosphate charged Amberlite IR-45 resin were added, while no additions were made to the ...

Generator-produced Rb-82, a 75-sec positron emitter with potential for myocardial blood-flow imaging, was studied with various ion-exchange columns to evaluate the characteristics of alumina as an adsorber for the 25-day Sr-82 parent. Test columns of alumina, Bio Rex 70, and Chelex 100 were loaded with multimillicurie amounts of no-carrier-added Sr-82/Sr-85 ...

During 23 exchange transfusions, the granulocytes from 27 donors and 16 newborn infants were tested for opsonic activity and granulocyte function by the nitrobluetetrazolium test. Granulocyte function in a newborn baby receiving an exchange transfusion can be altered positively or negatively, depending on the quality of the donor's blood. If ...

The influence of regional alveolar oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions on the distribution of lung blood flow and gas exchange was studied in unanaesthetised sheep. Right apical lobe (RAL) hypoxia, induced by administering nitrogen or nitrogen/oxygen mixtures to the lobe, stimulated a prompt, graded and well sustained reduction in lobar ...

A reanalysis of results from a recent paper on the effect of oscillation on gas exchange through leaves of cottonwood (Populus deltoides, Marsh) is presented. Mass flow of air through the leaf cannot account for the observed increase in gas exchange during oscillation in that experiment. Consideration of various published ...

The effects on renal morphology of exchange transfusion with stroma-free hemoglobin solutions (SFHS) were compared in rats to the results obtained using an asanguineous resuscitative fluid containing albumin. Animals underwent 75 per cent blood volume replacement, and tissue collected at intervals after the exchange transfusion was examined by light and ...

Hemodilutional techniques of resuscitation, which are becoming popular, add anemia to the acute increase in the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen that occurs in massively transfused patients when old liquid stored blood is used. A model simulating these conditions was established in rats, using blood stored in citrate for different ...

It has been reported that total hypothermic blood exchange holds promise for the treatment of septic shock in animals. Since this procedure does not carry any mortality in out laboratory, we studied its effect in an acute septic shock model. After the intravenous injection of endotoxin (10 mg/kg) and blood ...

Ouabain is known to depress uptake of xenon by red blood cells, but it is now found that the depressive effects of phenolsulfonphthalein (PSP) or heavy water are even more marked. Ouabain partly reverses those effects in a manner suggesting it exerts a constant action on xenon exchange regardless of ...

By applying the blood gas analysis to the venous blood of 17 children affected by DPGN, the authors have observed an increase of the PvO2 and a reduction of the PvCO2 in the oligoanuric and hypertensive phase, which is attributed to a minor utilization of O2. The authors relate a ...

Sepsis of the newborn induced by gram negative bacteria, especially E. coli is often accompanied by a severe coagulation disorder. It can be treated by blood exchange transfusion (ET) with heparinized blood. In this study the hematological effect obtained by the exchange transfusion was investigated in rabbits after induction of ...

In order to achieve thermal comfort while wearing protective clothing, heat loss from the body by convection and by the evaporation of sweat must be readily controlled by the wearer's thermoregulatory system. This can only be achieved if air is flowing through the clothing micro-environment in sufficient quantity to remove ...

Perfusion of the blood of a patient with toxic levels of meprobamate through an activated charcoal cartridge resulted in efficient early clearance of the drug, then a decline in extraction. Perfusion through a resin column resulted in total drug extraction without a decline in clearance over four hours. Both procedures ...

The reactions of the previously described neuro-epithelial bodies (NEB)(Lauweryns et al., 1969, 1970, 1972a, b, 1973a, b, c 1974, 1975) in young rabbits to: (1) hypoxia with normoxaemia in the arteria pulmonalis on the one hand, and (2) hypoxaemia in the arteria pulmonalis with normoxic aeration on the other hand, ...

Blood flow into the pulmonary capillaries and the volume of blood within the capillary bed are both pulsatile with the cardiac cycle. We have developed a quantitative model of diffusional gas exchange in the lung to investigate the effects of coupling between these two time-varying parameters on lung O2 and ...

A pH-sensitive glass electrode was used in a temperature-controlled stopped-flow rapid reaction apparatus to determine rates of pH equilibration in red cell suspensions. The apparatus requires less than 2 ml of reactants. The electrode is insensitive to pressure and flow variations, and has a response time of < 5 ms. ...

Experimental data, and their correlation with predictions from theory, are presented for the thermal design of a countercurrent heat exchanger for heating or cooling blood. The thermal design considers the influence on the Nusselt number of blood and the heat exchanger effectiveness of variables such as the blood flow rate, ...

Hepatic morphology was studied in rats that were exchange transfused with either a stroma-free hemoglobin solution (SFHS) or with various asanguineous resuscitative fluids. The animals under-went 75 per cent blood volume replacement and tissues were collected and fixed at timed intervals after the exchange transfusion. In addition, blood volumes were ...

Increased activity of the renin/aldosterone system in the neonatal period is now well established in both animals and man but the control mechanisms are poorly understood. We have monitored the plasma renin activity (PRA) and plasma aldosterone concentration (PAldo) in 14 infants undergoing 21 exchange transfusions. PRA and PAldo were ...

Some aspects of the hypothesis formulated earlier by the authors concerning the dual character of transcapillary (transmembrane) exchange are discussed. A physiological and mathematical basis is presented for the fact that transmembrane flow of liquid into interstitial space (that part of it which does not depend on the functioning of ...

Industrial workers exposed to the organochlorine pesticide, chlordecone (Kepone), had signs of toxicity in several organs. The extent of toxicity was proportional to the levels of this chemical in the tissues. In 22 patients, chlordecone was eliminated slowly from blood (half time of 165 +/- 27 days--mean +/- S.E.M.) and ...