Objectives: The National Report Card on Osteoporosis Care (2008) announced the need for comprehensive approaches to risk reduction and improvement in the early diagnosis of osteoporosis. Dental research has suggested that low systemic bone-mineral density also occurs in alveolar bone, and people with osteoporosis may have an increased risk of ...

Response to White and Cutting critique In their letter, published in the March issue of JWC, White and Cutting raised concerns about clinical visualisation of wound biofilm in the absence of a definitive assay or validation of visual observations with microscopic confirmation. While I acknowledge that science plays a critical ...

In most current models of word recognition, the word recognition process is assumed to be driven by the activation of letter units (i.e., that letters are the perceptual units in reading). An alternative possibility is that the word recognition process is driven by the activation of grapheme units, that is, ...

Dental professionals can play an important role in identifying and referring victims of domestic violence. Since most of the injuries sustained by victims occur in the head and neck region, dentists are uniquely positioned to help address this enormous public health issue. Unfortunately, dentists are the least likely of all ...

Current evidence supports the central role of neuropeptides in the molecular mechanisms underlying dental pain. In particular, substance P, a neuropeptide produced in neuron cell bodies localised in dorsal root and trigeminal ganglia, contributes to the transmission and maintenance of noxious stimuli and inflammatory processes. The major role of substance ...

We describe a novel method for tracking the time course of visual identification processes, here applied to the specific case of letter perception. We combine a new behavioral measure of letter identification times with single-letter ERP recordings. Letter identification processes are considered to take place in those time windows in ...

Identifying disaster victims by means of dental records is a well-established technique. In cases in which high temperatures are involved, destruction of the structural relationship of the dentition necessitates that adjunctive aids be used in the identification process. Analysis of tooth fragments by means of scanning electron microscopy with energy ...

  A new universal graphic dental system, Forensic Dental Symbols(©) , has been created to provide precision in the construction of dental records, improve standardization, and increase efficiency in dental identification procedures. Two hundred and thirty-four different graphic symbols representing the most frequent clinical status for each tooth were designed. ...

The legibility of the letters in the Latin alphabet has been measured numerous times since the beginning of experimental psychology. To identify the theoretical mechanisms attributed to letter identification, we report a comprehensive review of literature, spanning more than a century. This review revealed that identification accuracy has frequently been ...

Letter identification is a critical front end of the reading process. In general, conceptualizations of the identification process have emphasized arbitrary sets of distinctive features. However, a richer view of letter processing incorporates principles from the field of type design, including an emphasis on uniformities across letters within a font. ...

SUMMARY: Many studies have identified regions within human ventral visual stream to be important for object identification and categorization; however, knowledge of how perceptual information is communicated within the visual network is still limited. Current theories posit that if a high correspondence between incoming sensory information and internal representations exists, ...

Letter-by-letter (LBL) reading is the phenomenon whereby individuals with acquired alexia decode words by sequential identification of component letters. In cases where letter recognition or letter naming is impaired, however, a LBL reading approach is obviated, resulting in a nearly complete inability to read, or global alexia. In some such ...

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to investigate students' opinion about visual and digital tooth colour determination education at different European dental schools. METHODS: A cross-sectional web-based survey was created, containing nine dichotomous, multiple choice and 5-point Likert scale questions. The questionnaire was distributed amongst students of 40 European ...

One of the roles of a dental practitioner is the identification and management of oral mucosal disease (pathology) in its many forms. A tissue biopsy is an important step in the diagnostic process for oral lesions, while the skill required to perform a biopsy should be well within the capability ...

International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry 2011 Objectives.  To evaluate the reliability of panoramic radiographs (PRs) for identifying supernumerary teeth (ST) and to determine whether the level of dental training of the observer influenced the identification of ST. Methods.  Seventy-five PRs were randomly selected from the patient records and 18 examiners ...

SUMMARY Objective : Rubber dam is an important tool in dentistry-in the past as well as today. As a result of a lack of acceptance of the conventional system, introduced by Barnum in 1869, new systems were developed (eg, OptraDam® by Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Schaan, Liechtenstein). This system was advertised ...

To compare the intra- and inter-assessor agreement and operator preference of a modified (four-grade) quality rating system for dental radiographs with the current National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB) (three-grade) quality rating system. Sixty radiographic images of varying quality were selected by retrospective review of dental records from a general dental ...

The resulting plans from a new type of treatment planning system called SharePlan have been studied. This software allows for the conversion of treatment plans generated in a TomoTherapy system for helical delivery, into plans deliverable on C-arm linear accelerators (linacs), which is of particular interest for clinics with a ...

A skull without lower jaw was found and brought in for identification. It was suspected to be that of a man reported missing five years ago. An undated antemortal dental chart and two dental films of the 1st and 2nd dental quadrants, both taken about 4 years before the man ...

The need for denture labeling is important for forensic and social reasons in case patients need to be identified individually. The importance of denture marking has long been acknowledged by the dental profession. Over the years, various denture marking systems have been reported in the literature, but none till date ...

INTRODUCTION: Several noninvasive methods are used for 3-dimensional (3D) morphologic facial and dental analysis to aid practitioners during diagnosis and treatment planning. Integrating dental and facial noninvasive 3D reproduction could improve the efficacy of treatment management. METHODS: Dental virtual model and soft-tissue facial morphology were digitally integrated from 11 adults ...

Labeled dentures can be important in identifying the owners in case of an accident, loss of memory, states of unconsciousness, being inadvertently misplaced on admission to a hospital or, in identifying the bodies of those who have died in a calamity. Positive identification through labeled dentures plays a key role ...

The importance of dental identification is on the increase year after year. With the passage of time, the role of forensic odontology has increased as very often teeth and dental restorations are the only means of identification. Forensic odontology has played a key role in identification of persons in mass ...

As the body of research regarding facial esthetics increases, dentists are gaining a deeper understanding of their broadening roles in defining facial characteristics. Dentists are required to advance their repertoire of diagnostic skills in order to meet patients' esthetic needs and demands. The focus has been shifting from treatment plans ...

Ankylosis of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a clinical manifestation with multiple etiologies that interferes with the growth of the affected condyle, owing to its fusion with both the glenoid cavity and the skull base with a limitation of mandibular movement, occlusion or forced semi-occlusion, speech and feeding difficulties, and ...

AIMS: To assess the attractiveness of dentofacial midline discrepancies during smiling, and to determine if the ratings were influenced by the gender of the judges. METHODS: Twenty non-dental undergraduate students (10 males, mean age: 33.5 years; 10 females, mean age: 31.2 years) and 20 orthodontists (10 males, mean age: 36.6 ...

BACKGROUND: This study was conducted to clarify the relationships between the extracranial portion of the facial nerve (EFN) and the zygomatic arch (ZA). METHOD: Four cadaveric heads (8 parotid regions), examined under 3-40x magnification, were dissected from lateral to medial to expose the EFN. FINDINGS: In a vertical plane just ...

Many scientific and artistic principles considered collectively are useful in creating a beautiful smile. The evaluation and analysis of the face, lips, gingival tissues and teeth are all considered in this process. Recognizing the ideal as a goal provides a direction for diagnosis and treatment planning for smile rejuvenation. This ...

In isolated rat pancreatic acini, Src, RhoA, PI3-K, Vav-2, G(alpha12), and G(alpha13) were detected by immunoblotting. CCK enhanced the levels of these proteins, and the levels of Src and RhoA were reduced by the Src inhibitor herbimycin A and the Rho inhibitor pravastatin. The PI3-K inhibitor wortmannin reduced the level ...

The purpose of this series is to convey the principles governing our aesthetic senses. Usually meaning visual perception, aesthetics is not merely limited to the ocular apparatus. The concept of aesthetics encompasses both the time-arts such as music, theatre, literature and film, as well as space-arts such as paintings, sculpture ...

The consumption of flavoured milk increased by 50% between 1992 and 1999 and dental health educators need to know if these and other sugar and fruit juice sweetened milk products, such as fruit yoghurts, are acceptable as snack items. Available evidence suggests that their cariogenicity is negligible to low and ...

Carbohydrates were extracted from hooded seal milk, Crystophora cristata (family Phocidae). Free oligosaccharides were separated by gel filtration and then purified by ion exchange chromatography, gel filtration and preparative thin layer or paper chromatography and their structures determined by 1H-NMR. The hooded seal milk was found to contain inositol and ...

In rare cases, acute peripheral facial palsy occurs several days after dental treatment and oro-facial surgery. Surgical procedures have been known to trigger reactivation of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) and herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). The present study examined eight patients who exhibited delayed facial palsy after dental treatment or ...

The first omomyine petrosals, those of Omomys carteri, are described. Omomys probably had a tympanic bulla and canals for the intratympanic carotid circulation derived from the petrosal bone. The stapedial and promontory canals were complete, large and subequal. The posterior carotid foramen entered the bulla posteromedially. The intratympanic portion of ...

Facial attractiveness is now recognized as being important in situations as diverse as education, relationships and employment. An individual's facial appearance is one of their most obvious characteristics and facial disfigurements are judged to be among the least desirable 'handicaps'. A face which deviates from the norm becomes a stigma. ...

This study investigated the perception of discrepancies between the dental and facial midlines by orthodontists and young laypeople. A smiling photograph of a young adult female was modified by moving the dental midline relative to the facial midline. Twenty orthodontists (10 males and 10 females) and 20 young adult laypeople ...

This study examined the relationship between dentofacial appearance and judgments of facial attractiveness in a sample of 60 subjects between ages 65 and 75. Subjects completed questionnaires regarding their current dental appearance and level of satisfaction with their facial attractiveness. Subjects then viewed and ranked four sets of five photographs ...

Patients with dental malocclusions and facial-skeletal problems often have unattractive facial and dental features that can create social and emotional problems such as lack of self-confidence and poor self-image. In addition, a number of medical problems are associated with facial-skeletal disharmonies. Here, we review three functional appliances--the Schwarz, Bionator, and ...

The use of mannequin exercises has been a teaching tool in the education of dental students. Various commercially available materials to simulate extraoral facial structure form part of this apparatus, also called a "phantom head." It is not always practical, with cost considerations, to replace this external component when unavoidable ...

Facial reconstruction is used in an attempt to identify an individual by a three dimensional representation of the facial features using the skull as the foundation after metrical and non-metrical analysis to determine age, race and gender. The skeletonized remains of a female who was reported missing six years previously ...

The dentofacial morphology of 35 bruxers was compared with that of 28 non-bruxers. Direct head and facial measurements were made using anthropometric spreading calipers. Cephalic (head width vs. head length), facial (face height vs. face width), and "gonial" (gonial width vs. zygomatic width) indices were calculated, then headform and facial ...

Orthodontic treatment is frequently undertaken to improve facial appearance. However, the contribution of the components of malocclusion to perceptions of attractiveness is not clear. This study uses three panels of judges--undergraduates, dental students, and orthodontic residents--to quantify the associations between common objective measures of dental and skeletal anteroposterior disproportion and ...

Facial palsy is a relatively uncommon condition with a variety of causes including dental intervention. A brief history of two cases of facial palsy with dental implications is presented. The aetiology of facial palsy is reviewed and the management of such cases is discussed. The option of immediate treatment of ...

Peripheral facial palsy is an uncommon complication of dental procedures. Most cases begin immediately after dental anesthesia and resolve within 12 hours. No report of recurrent facial palsy with dental manipulations has previously been described. We report a patient with two episodes of peripheral facial palsy, 2 years apart, developing ...

A precise and uncomplicated technique for superimposing a color slide onto a facial cast for sculpting a facial prosthesis of the periorbital region is described. This technique allows making a facial impression with the eye closed. The superimposed slide in full-face and profile views provide a natural appearance to the ...

Tardive dyskinesia has not previously been discussed in the dental literature. It is a drug-induced movement disorder commonly involving the perioral and masticatory muscles. It can sometimes be a cause of orofacial pain. Two brief cases reports are provided as examples. Clinical features of tardive dyskinesia are presented to assist ...

In the acute precollicular-postmammillary decerebrate cat, pinna stimulation was found to elicit four-legged locomotion on the treadmill. The adequate stimuli for eliciting locomotion were of the nature of deep pressure with the fingertips. The receptive field of the pinna were distributed along the edge of the scapha. When the existing ...

Corrigia obscura sp. n. was found in the pancreatic ducts of a black duck, Anas rubripes. This is the first record of the genus Corrigia from an anseriform bird and from North America. Corrigia obscura differs from other Corrigia spp. by having a greater relative forebody length and greater relative ...

Successful clinical applications since early 1970 have occurred with the use of temporomandibular condylar prosthesis and endosseous blade-vent implants coated with porous proplast. Proplast as a bulk material has also been used to augment atropic mandibular alveolar ridges and deficient facial contours in the mental, mandibular border, and zygomatic areas.

An autosomal dominant syndrome with Marfan-like features was found in a black pedigree. Eye findings included cataract, lens colobomas, dislocated lenses, myopia, hyaloideoretinal degeneration, and abnormalities of the anterior chamber angles. Facial and dental anomalies included slightly underdeveloped bridge of the nose, protruding maxilla, and dental malocclusions. Selected members of ...