SUMMARY The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of and tooth sensitivity to 10% and 20% carbamide peroxide (CP) home-use bleaching agents and 35% and 38% hydrogen peroxide (HP) in-office bleaching agents, all of which contain desensitizing agents, in a clinical trial. Four agents were evaluated: 10% ...

The Community Preventive Services Task Force recommends collaborative care for management of depressive disorders, based on strong evidence of effectiveness in improving depression symptoms, adherence to treatment, response to treatment, and remission and recovery from depression.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Experiences and inflammatory mediators are fundamental in the provocation of major depressive disorders (MDDs). We investigated the roles and mechanisms of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in stress-induced depression. METHODS: We used a depressive-like state mouse model induced by unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS). Depressive-like behaviors were evaluated ...

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is considered a sleep-related respiratory disorder, characterized by repetitive episodes of complete (apnea) or partial (hypopnea) obstruction of airflow in the upper airway (UA) during sleep. The pathophysiology of upper airway obstruction in OSAS is multifactorial, leading to a chronic recurrent state of intermittent hypoxemia ...

Ginseng-based medicines and nitrates are commonly used in treating ischemic heart disease (IHD) angina pectoris in China. Hundreds of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reported in Chinese language claimed that ginseng-based medicines can relieve the symptoms of IHD. This study provides the first PRISMA-compliant systematic review with sensitivity and subgroup analyses ...

INTRODUCTION: Extant twin research on the depression-smoking association in adolescents has been conducted in U.S. and European samples and considered depression as a unitary phenotype. This study explored genetic and environmental influences on covariation between smoking initiation and 4 depressive symptom dimensions (positive affect [PA], negative affect [NA], somatic features ...

Insomnia is a highly prevalent sleep disorder yet little is known about the role of genetic factors in its pathophysiology. The aim of this study was to examine the relative contributions of genetic and environmental factors in explaining variability in insomnia symptoms. Traditional twin design. Academic medical center. 1412 twin ...

BACKGROUND: Genetic studies in adults indicate that genes influencing the personality trait of neuroticism account for substantial genetic variance in anxiety and depression and in somatic health. Here, we examine for the first time the factors underlying the relationship between neuroticism and anxiety/depressive and somatic symptoms during adolescence.MethodThe Somatic and ...

Objective:Irritability has been proposed to underlie the developmental link between oppositional problems and depression. Little is known, however, about the genetic and environmental influences on irritability and its overlap with depression. Drawing on the notion of "generalist genes" (genes of general effect that underlie phenotypic overlap between disorders), the authors ...

Psychopathology theories, clinical observations, and research all point to multiple sources of liability to depression. This article uses a longitudinal twin-study design to characterize the contribution of two genetically-influenced sources of depression risk: the first corresponding to stress sensitivity and the second representing risk that is independent of stress sensitivity. ...

This review summarizes the first clinical reports from the CONVERGE consortium: China, Oxford and VCU Experimental Research on Genetic Epidemiology. CONVERGE sets out to investigate the nature and mode of action of the genetic and environmental risk factors for major depressive disorder (MDD). CONVERGE aims to collect 6000 cases of ...

Symptoms of anxiety and depression are relatively stable over time. Can this stability be explained by genetic influences, or is it caused by the long-lasting effects of accumulating environmental experiences? To address this question, we analyzed longitudinally assessed symptoms of anxiety and depression in eight samples of monozygotic twins of ...

Objectives.  When a health problem is perceived as having a genetic cause, this appears to increase the perceived effectiveness of pharmacological treatments and reduce perceived effectiveness of non-pharmacological treatments. Potential mediators of this effect include causal attributions, perceived severity, and perceived control over the health problem. This study aimed to ...

Hypnosis has been used in the treatment of bulimia nervosa from the early 1980s. Dissociation theory identified a certain subgroup of eating disordered patients with dissociative signs and symptoms. These patients react well to hypnotherapy. Simultaneous hypnosis ("tandem hypnosis") in the treatment of two female 19-year-old monozygotic twins led to ...

Lokk J, Salman Roghani R, Delbari A. Effect of methylphenidate and/or levodopa coupled with physiotherapy on functional and motor recovery after stroke - a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Acta Neurol Scand: 2011: 123: 266-273. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Objective -  Amphetamine-like drugs are reported to enhance motor recovery ...

Cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) are common in stroke survivors, although their clinical significance in the development of psychiatric conditions following stroke remains unknown. This study examines the association between post-stroke depression (PSD) symptom severity and CMBs. Amongst the 4088 patients with acute ischemic stroke who had been admitted to the acute ...

Measuring depression among persons with stroke faces many challenges; diagnostic tools are lengthy and do not measure the extent of depression; screening tools are not stroke-specific; and metrics from the available indices do not provide a value that is mathematically or clinically meaningful. To provide evidence for the development of ...

A pilot study was carried out to explore the application of carbon dioxide for pH depression in a bubble column and its ability to inhibit bromate formation for water with a low alkalinity. Results showed that in the absence of ammonia, CO2 was capable of reducing bromate 38.0%-65.4% with one-unit ...

Using the twin pairs sample from the National Longitudinal Study ofAdolescent Health, we estimate bivariate Cholesky models for the influence of stressful life events (SLEs) on depressive symptoms. We show that depressive symptoms (h2Depression = .28) and dependent SLEs (events influenced by an individual's behavior) are both moderately heritable (h2SLE ...

Early detection of communication impairment post stroke is an important prognostic indicator and promotes the use of individualized treatment protocols. Therefore, the methods for speech and language assessment used by communication experts in acute settings following stroke were investigated. A survey was conducted among 254 speech and language pathologists providing ...

Access to intravenous thrombolysis for acute ischaemic stroke is limited worldwide, particularly in regional and rural areas including in Australia. We are testing the effectiveness of a new rural Prehospital Acute Stroke Triage protocol that includes prehospital assessment and rapid transport of patients from a rural catchment to the major ...

Public education campaigns for stroke are used worldwide. However, there are few published evaluations of such campaigns. This cross-sectional study examined patient and bystander awareness of two Australian campaigns, 'FAST' (face, arm, speech, time) and 'Signs of Stroke', and evaluated the campaigns ability to identify stroke and to describe the ...

the Penumbra Pivotal Stroke Trial reported a 25% good outcome (modified Rankin scale score ≤ 2) despite an 81% recanalization rate. We evaluated the association of a favorable initial noncontrast CT and a short time to recanalization in predicting good outcome. data were from the Penumbra Pivotal Stroke Trial. Baseline ...

To comprehensively investigate and compare the responsiveness and validity of two instrumental activities of daily living (ADL) measures: a modified version of the Nottingham Extended ADL Scale and the Frenchay Activities Index, after stroke rehabilitation. Rehabilitation clinics. Seventy stroke patients received a three-week intervention (mean (SD) age, 55.5 (12.1) years; ...

Dysarthria is a frequent and persisting sequel to stroke and arises from varied lesion locations. Although the presence of dysarthria is well documented, for stroke there are scant data on presentation and intervention outcome. A literature search was undertaken to evaluate (a) the features of dysarthria in adult stroke populations ...

. To evaluate for any clinical effects of home-based mirror therapy and subsequent cortical reorganization in patients with chronic stroke with moderate upper extremity paresis. . A total of 40 chronic stroke patients (mean time post .onset, 3.9 years) were randomly assigned to the mirror group (n = 20) or ...

Studying long-term stroke outcomes including body functioning (neurologic and neuropsychological impairments) and activity limitations and participation is essential for long-term evidence-based rehabilitation and service planning, resource allocation, and improving health outcomes in stroke. However, reliable data to address these issues is lacking. This study (February 2007-December 2008) sourced its participants ...

Understanding the extent of long-term neuropsychological deficits poststroke and their contribution to functional outcomes is essential for evidence-based rehabilitation and resource planning, and could improve stroke outcomes. However, most existing neuropsychological stroke data are not population-based, examine limited outcomes, and have short-term follow-up. This population-based long-term stroke follow-up study examined ...

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of poststroke depression and executive dysfunction on long-term survival after acute stroke. A total of 257 consecutive acute ischemic stroke patients were included in the study and followed up to 12 years. Depression was diagnosed 3 months after stroke in ...

OBJECTIVE: To explore whether persons with right- and left-sided cerebrovascular accidents differ significantly in mean impact of neurobehavioural impairments on ability to perform activities of daily living. DESIGN AND SUBJECTS: Retrospective study of data from 215 persons (103 right-sided, 112 left-sided cerebrovascular accident). The Activities of daily living-focused Occupation-based Neurobehavioral ...

Transcranial near-infrared laser therapy (NILT) has been investigated as a novel neuroprotective treatment for acute ischemic stroke (AIS), for approximately 10 years. Two clinical trials, NeuroThera Effectiveness and Safety Trial (NEST)-1 and NEST-2, have evaluated the use of NILT to promote clinical recovery in patients with AIS. This review covers ...

A part of ischemic stroke patients score 0 on the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) within 24 h following thrombolysis. Their clinical characteristics and long-term outcome are poorly studied. We report a single-center assessment of such patients. The cohort comprises 874 consecutive patients from the Helsinki Stroke Thrombolysis ...

Thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke in patients aged > 80 years is not approved in some countries due to limited trial data in the very elderly. We compared outcomes between thrombolysed and nonthrombolysed (control) patients from neuroprotection trials to assess any influence of age on response. Method-Among patients with ischemic ...

Although apathy has been reported as one of the neuropsychiatric symptoms following stroke, there are few studies on regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in stroke patients with apathy. The present study compared rCBF between apathetic and non-apathetic patients after stroke. We recruited 102 patients with cerebral infarction within 1 month ...

The objective of this study was to evaluate patterns of change in depressive symptoms and function in ischemic stroke patients 0 to 3 months poststroke. Twenty-three newly diagnosed ischemic stroke patients were enrolled in a study with nonrandomized prospective longitudinal design to assess function and depressive symptoms on admission, 2 ...

Data regarding psychosocial problems and quality of life (QoL) among stroke survivors from developing countries are scarce. The purpose of this study is to examine QoL, anxiety, depression, and functional independence of stroke survivors and the relationship of these variables with stroke characteristics. This was a prospective hospital-based study. Patients ...

Stroke is among the leading causes of death and serious disability in the United States. Treatment of the acute ischemic stroke patient requires a multidisciplinary approach involving first-responders, emergency department personnel, neurologists, advanced imaging experts and endovascular specialists with neurosurgical support. Contemporary stroke treatment is a rapidly advancing field. New ...

Stroke causes significant caregiver (CG) stress, which is under-reported in India. This study assesses the financial, physical, psychological, and family burden on CG of stroke patients in an urban community. Cross-sectional survey of stroke patients and CG were selected from a community-based registry using validated scales through face-to-face interviews. Data ...

. This study investigates the clinimetric properties of the streamlined Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT), a 6-item version of the performance time scale of the WMFT. . The streamlined WMFT, along with 2 criterion measures, the Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) and the Stroke Impact Scale (SIS), were administered to 64 stroke ...

Cognitive and emotional sequellae are commonly observed in stroke patients and these symptoms often co-occur. Diagnosis can be difficult since symptoms of depression and executive dysfunction overlap. To study the longitudinal relationship between depressive symptoms and executive dysfunction in stroke patients. The study comprises of 116 first-ever stroke patients who ...

Background The two main approaches in aphasia treatment are cognitive-linguistic treatment (CLT), aimed at restoring the linguistic levels affected, semantics, phonology or syntax, and communicative treatment, aimed at optimising information transfer by training compensatory strategies and use of residual language skills. The hypothesis that CLT is more effective than communicative ...

Although depression is known to be frequently associated with stroke, it is nonetheless underdiagnosed and under-treated in this patient population. Its effect on outcome for stroke patients is thought to be substantial, but prediction is complicated by other pre- and post stroke factors. The aims of this study was to ...

To determine whether higher-intensity treadmill walking during rehabilitation in those newly able to walk after stroke is feasible, is detrimental to walking or is beneficial. A single-blind, randomized trial. Two rehabilitation units. Thirty people with first stroke. Experimental group received 30 minutes of higher-intensity treadmill walking, three times per week ...

Antiplatelet agents are a cornerstone in the treatment of acute arterial thrombotic events and in the prevention of thrombus formation. However, existing antiplatelet agents (mainly aspirin, the combination of aspirin and dipyridamole and clopidogrel) reduce the risk of vascular events only by about one quarter compared with placebo. As a ...

The primary objective of this prospective dose-finding pilot study is to demonstrate the tolerability and safety of four dosages of 25% human albumin in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). For each dosage group, the study will enroll 20 patients who meet the eligibility criteria. The enrolled patients will undergo follow-up ...

OBJECTIVE: The consumption of certain B-vitamins through diet or supplementation decreases the total plasma concentration of homocysteine (tHcy) and may enhance response to standard antidepressant treatment. It is unclear if treatment with B-vitamins can reduce the long-term prevalence of depression in people at risk, such as stroke survivors. The purpose ...

Elevated blood pressure following acute stroke is common, and yet early antihypertensive treatment is controversial. ACCESS suggested a beneficial effect of the angiotensin receptor blocker candesartan in the acute phase of stroke, but these findings need to be confirmed in new, large trials. The Scandinavian Candesartan Acute Stroke Trial is ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the ability of the 6-minute walk test (6MWT) and other commonly used clinical outcome measures to predict home and community walking activity in high-functioning people with stroke. DESIGN: Cross-sectional. SETTING: Outpatient physical therapy clinic. PARTICIPANTS: Participants (N=32) with chronic stroke (n=19; >6mo poststroke) with self-selected gait speed ...

The purposes of this study were to examine the associations among social support, poststroke depression and quality of life among patients with first-time ischemic stroke and to further test the impact of the dimensions of social support on poststroke depression and quality of life. The proposed models included mediation hypotheses ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The combination of low-dose aspirin and dipyridamole is more effective than aspirin alone in reducing the risk of recurrent stroke and other major cardiovascular events in patients with a recent transient ischemic attack or minor stroke. It is unknown whether this also applies to patients with a ...