Many drugs in clinical trials, or already on the market, can have psychiatric side effects, independently of their therapeutic indication (e.g., Acomplia, Taranabant, and Roaccutane). There is currently no in vitro or in vivo approved test for the detection/prediction of such adverse effects, and the Food and Drugs Administration (FDA) ...

Clinical trials that include integral biomarkers to determine eligibility, assign treatment, or assess outcome must employ robust assays to measure the molecular analyte of interest. The decision to develop a biomarker assay into a test suitable for use in humans should be driven by clinical need, that is, there should ...

Current treatment of human status epilepticus (SE) relies on drugs developed for chronic treatment of epilepsy. Many potent compounds have been discovered in animal models of SE. But they may never be useful for chronic treatment of epilepsy and thus not available for human use. Naturally occurring canine SE may ...

In this review, several aspects surrounding the choice of a therapeutic intervention and the conduct of clinical trials are discussed. Some of the background for why human studies have evolved to their current state is also included. Specifically, the following questions have been addressed: 1) What criteria should be used ...

Most organisms (including humans) developed daily rhythms in almost every aspect of their body. It is not surprising that rhythms are also related to affect in health and disease. In the present review we present data that demonstrate the evidence for significant interactions between circadian rhythms and affect from both ...

Although blended essential oils are increasingly being used for the improvement of the quality of life and for the relief of various symptoms in patients, the scientific evaluation of the aroma-therapeutic effects of blended essential oils in humans is rather scarce. In this study, we hypothesized that applying blended essential ...

It is generally accepted that a placebo in a standard, randomized, controlled trial (RCT), being an inert substance, cannot itself produce any effects. Yet, the magnitude of the placebo effect has increased remarkably in the last three decades. We propose that macroscopic information entanglement potentially explains a change in the ...

Background: In 2004 an estimated 17.1 million people died from cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) worldwide, representing 29% of all global deaths. According to the American Heart Association, heart disease and stroke are the main cause of death and disability among people with type 2 diabetes. Additional safe and effective approaches are ...

Schneiderian first rank symptoms (FRS) in schizophrenia have been hypothesised to be secondary to aberrant cerebral lateralisation over the course of human evolution. The ratio of length of second digit to fourth digit (2D:4D) has been put forward as a potential indicator of cerebral lateralisation. This study examined 2D:4D and ...

Objective Shortened telomere length has been associated with mortality in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and is considered as an emerging marker of biologic age. Whether depression is associated with telomere length or trajectory has not been evaluated in patients with CHD. Methods In a prospective cohort study, we ...

The purpose of this study was to assess differences between articles published in the American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics (AJO-DO), the Angle Orthodontist (AO), the European Journal of Orthodontics (EJO), and the Journal of Orthodontics (JO) from 1999 to 2008. All journals were hand-searched and 4301 eligible articles ...

Moufti MA, Wassell RW, Meechan JG, Allen PF, John MT, Steele JG. The Oral Health Impact Profile: ranking of items for temporomandibular disorders. Eur J Oral Sci 2011; 119: 169-174. © 2011 Eur J Oral Sci The study aimed to rank the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-49) items by relevance ...

Introduction and Aims. Aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship of relapse with impulsivity, novelty seeking (NS) and craving during 12 month follow up after inpatient treatment in male alcohol dependents. Design and Methods. Among 156 consecutively admitted male alcohol dependents, 102 were examined by face to face interview ...

This cross-sectional study (N = 4,144) compared three longitudinal dynatypes (Maintainers, Relapsers, and Stable Smokers) of smokers on baseline demographics, stage, addiction severity, and transtheoretical model effort effect variables. There were significant small-to-medium-sized differences between the Stable Smokers and the other two groups on stage, severity, and effort effect variables ...

Neuromuscular disorders lead to an imbalance in the position of the jaw. The aim of this study has been to analyse gnostic sensibility in subjects with partial anterior open bite and the incorrect position of the tongue. The study involved 20 subjects with partial anterior open bite and an incorrect ...

Holländare F, Johnsson S, Randestad M, Tillfors M, Carlbring P, Andersson G, Engström I. Randomized trial of Internet-based relapse prevention for partially remitted depression. Objective:  To investigate whether Internet-based cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) can prevent relapse in persons with partially remitted major depression after previous treatment. Method:  Seventy-one women and ...

Little is known about neuropsychological status changes in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients experiencing a relapse. The Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) and MS Neuropsychological Screening Questionnaire (MSNQ) are brief measures of cognitive performance and self-reported status, respectively. We retrospectively identified relapses in subjects participating in the 48-week open-label, safety-extension study ...

ARTICLE TITLE AND BIBLIOGRAPHIC INFORMATION: Outcomes in a 2-phase randomized clinical trial of early Class II treatment. Tulloch JFC, Proffit WR, Phillips C. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2004;125:657-67. REVIEWER: Gregory King, DMD, DrMedSci PURPOSE/QUESTION: Primary question: Does Class II treatment aimed at growth modification, started in the mixed dentition ...

ARTICLE TITLE AND BIBLIOGRAPHIC INFORMATION: Effectiveness of early treatment of Class II malocclusion. Wheeler TT, McGorray SP, Dolce C, Taylor MG, King GJ. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2002;121:9-17. REVIEWER: Anne-Marie Bollen, DDS, MS, PhD PURPOSE/QUESTION: To investigate the success of early treatment with a headgear/biteplate or a bionator in ...

ARTICLE TITLE AND BIBLIOGRAPHIC INFORMATION: Dental effects of interceptive orthodontic treatment in a Medicaid population: interim results from a randomized clinical trial. Jolley CJ, Huang GJ, et al. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2010;137:324-33. REVIEWER: Stuart D. Josell, DMD, MDent Sc PURPOSE/QUESTION: To compare a group of mixed dentition patients receiving ...

The aim of the present study was to validate the dental aesthetic index (DAI) and index of complexity, outcome and need (ICON) based on the opinions of a panel of Brazilian orthodontists. A comparison of these two orthodontic treatment need indices was carried out based on the consensus of a ...

Cladribine, an immunosuppressant that selectively reduces peripheral lymphocyte levels, has potential as an oral therapy for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. An oral (tablet) formulation is being investigated in clinical trials. In the large, well designed, phase III CLARITY trial, short-course treatment with oral cladribine (cumulative dose of 3.5 or 5.25 mg/kg) ...

OBJECTIVE: Long-term efficacy of asenapine in preventing schizophrenia relapse was assessed in a 26-week double-blind, placebo-controlled trial that followed 26 weeks of open-label treatment. METHOD: Stable schizophrenia patients (DSM-IV-TR criteria) who were cross-titrated from previous medication to sublingual asenapine and remained stable during 26 weeks of open-label treatment were eligible ...

Randomization is a key step in reducing selection bias during the treatment allocation phase in randomized clinical trials. The process of randomization follows specific steps, which include generation of the randomization list, allocation concealment, and implementation of randomization. The phenomenon in the dental and orthodontic literature of characterizing treatment allocation ...

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Mandibular advancement splints (MAS) can effectively treat obstructive sleep apnea (OSA); however, currently no validated and reliable prediction method for treatment outcome exists. Efficacy of MAS may relate to anatomical factors including craniofacial size and upper airway soft-tissue volume and/or anatomical balance between them. We aimed to assess ...

This was a prospective randomized clinical trial comparing the effect of bracket type on the duration of orthodontic treatment and the occlusal outcome as measured by the peer assessment rating (PAR). A multi-center randomized clinical trial was carried out in 2 orthodontic clinics. Sixty-two subjects (32 male, 30 female; mean ...

There is an increasing research interest in quality of life issues in orthodontics. In this study, we aimed to investigate changes in oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL) among adults during fixed orthodontic appliance therapy (FOAT). Two hundred thirty-two adult patients were enrolled from a consecutive sample at a ...

Our aim was to determine predictors for the presence and degree of demineralization during orthodontic treatment. This study was a post-hoc analysis of recruits for a randomized controlled trial. Two hundred thirty patients were included in this study and assessed for demineralization at debond by using quantitative light-induced fluorescence to ...

The authors examined the relationship between changes in symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and functioning as measured by the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 (SF-36) among 167 veterans in a primary care clinic. Those who reported at least moderate baseline symptoms were categorized as better, unchanged, or worse at ...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of information available on the Internet for a person interested in orthodontic extractions. The term "orthodontic extractions" was entered into the search engines of both Google and Yahoo, and the first 50 Web links for each were pooled and examined. ...

Oral appliances (OAs) are increasingly advocated as a treatment option for obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). However, it is unclear how their different design features influence treatment efficacy. The aim of this research was to systematically review the evidence on the efficacy of different OAs on polysomnographic indices of OSA. A ...

Abstract Objective: To compare craniofacial morphology for individuals with non-syndromic complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (CUCLP) between the ages of 6y and 12y. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: Four North American cleft palate centers Subjects: 148 subjects with repaired CUCLP who were consecutively treated at the four centers. Methods: ...

Abstract Objective: To summarize the Americleft Study regarding treatment outcomes for patients with CUCLP. Setting: Five cleft palate centers in North America. Subjects: 169 subjects, between the ages of 6y and 12y, with repaired CUCLP who were consecutively treated at the five centers. Methods: Study consisted of model comparisons assessing ...

This prospective, observational study examined the effects of change in the symptoms of fatigue and depression on physical activity over time in persons with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). Adults with a confirmed diagnosis of RRMS completed a battery of questionnaires at baseline (n = 269) and six-month follow-up (n = ...

Few controlled trials have studied the treatment of relapse in adults with minimal change disease. Repeated courses of steroids, cyclophosphamide, cyclosporine and even mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), all seem to play a role. The aim of this study was to review and critically analyze the literature regarding the use of immunosuppressive ...

The efficacy of Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) plus interferon beta-1a (IFNB-1a) in treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) was evaluated. This was a pilot study with randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled design. Patients with RRMS and Expanded Disability Status Scale score (EDSS) of < 6.0 were included. Those with relapse within the previous ...

to evaluate the efficiency of NitrAdine (MSI Laboratories) tablets in the reduction of oral Candida levels, biofilm formation, and appliance odor in maxillary removable orthodontic appliance wearers. seventy children between 11 and 15 years of age undergoing maxillary removable appliance treatment were assigned via a double-blind randomized method to the ...

An unusual bony depression with accessory osseous passages in the right side of middle cranial fossa was observed in a dry adult human skull. It was located below the superior orbital fissure and optic canal. The bony depression was divided into two parts ,medial and lateral fossa, by an incomplete ...

The aim of this study was to analyze the current literature for the best evidence (randomized clinical trials) about the efficacy of functional appliances on mandibular growth in the short term. A survey of articles published up to September 2009 was performed by using the following electronic databases: PubMed, Embase, ...

The aim of this research was to evaluate, within a controlled clinical study, the effects of a Delaire-type facemask or a modified Jasper Jumper (JJ) used in the treatment of children with Class III malocclusions due to maxillary retrognathia on temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). Forty-six patients with Class III malocclusions referred ...

To assess whether clinical trials published in the orthodontic literature comply with the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) statement, and whether compliance has changed over time. Retrospective study. Clinical trials published in four orthodontic journals (American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Angle Orthodontist, European Journal of Orthodontics, and ...

Predictable regeneration of lost periodontal tissues in furcations is difficult to achieve. This paper investigates the efficacy of different treatment modalities for Class II molar furcations. Publications in English were searched using PubMed, Medline, and Cochrane Library databases combined with hand searching from January 1, 1966 to October 1, 2007. ...

Objective To assess whether a platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injection leads to an enhanced tendon structure and neovascularisation, measured with ultrasonographic techniques, in chronic midportion Achilles tendinopathy. Design Double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Setting Sports medical department of The Hague medical centre. Patients 54 patients with chronic midportion Achilles tendinopathy were ...

Facial appearance has profound influence on the first impression that is projected to others. To determine the effects that complete correction of the nasolabial folds (NLFs) with hyaluronic acid (HA) filler has on the first impression one makes. Twenty-two subjects received injections of HA filler into the NLFs. Photographs of ...

Various conservative treatments for Peyronie's disease (PD) have been attempted over the years. Intralesional verapamil injection has been tested in prospective randomized studies, but the effect of this treatment seems insufficient. Nicardipine is a calcium antagonist alternative to verapamil and is reportedly more effective in vitro. The objective of our ...

Purpose: This study examined the efficacy of a treatment, Oral Reading for Language in Aphasia (ORLA), delivered by computer to individuals with chronic nonfluent aphasia and compared its efficacy with the same treatment delivered by a speech-language pathologist (SLP). Method: With ORLA, the person with aphasia systematically and repeatedly reads ...

Repeat treatments of nonpermanent dermal fillers are used in the long-term treatment of wrinkles and folds and to volumize. OBJECTIVE To determine the safety and effectiveness of a nonanimal-sourced hyaluronic acid (HA) (which uses a cohesive polydensified matrix (CPM) technology [CPMHA]) for the treatment of nasolabial folds (NLFs) during an ...

Dermal gel extra (DGE) is a new, tightly cross-linked hyaluronic acid (HA)-based dermal filler containing lidocaine engineered to resist gel deformation and degradation. To develop a firmer gel product (DGE) and compare the efficacy and safety of DGE with nonanimal stabilized HA (NASHA) for correction of nasolabial folds (NLFs). DGE ...

Objective: To test the hypothesis that long-term maintenance with injectable risperidone long-acting therapy is superior to oral daily aripiprazole in stable patients with schizophrenia.Design: This two-year, rater-blinded, open-label, multicenter study (NCT00299702) randomized subjects to injectable risperidone long-acting therapy (25-50mg, injected every 2 weeks) or oral aripiprazole (5-30mg/day), with study visits ...

Study Type - Therapy (case series) Level of Evidence 4 What's known on the subject? and What does the study add? We know that repeated injections of botulinum toxin A are effective in treating refractory detrusor overactivity particularly in NDO. This study shows that in both NDO and IDO repeated injections ...