Objective: This study evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of modafinil at a range of doses, versus placebo, in alleviating symptoms of ADHD in adults. Method: Adult patients with ADHD were randomized in 1:1:1:1:1 fashion to double-blind treatment with modafinil 255, 340, 425, or 510 mg daily or placebo for 9 ...

Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) deficiency has been proposed to be causal in 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor (statin)-induced myopathies. However, the clinical benefit of supplementation is unproved. The purpose of the present study was to assess the effect of CoQ10 supplementation on myalgias presumed to be caused by statins. Patients currently ...

The goal of this investigation was the development of an Inconsistency scale (ICN-SF) for the Personality Assessment Inventory-Short Form (PAI-SF). In Study 1, 503 inpatient profiles were randomly assigned to a derivation or cross-validation sample. Ten correlated item pairs were identified using the derivation sample and placed on the ICN-SF. ...

BACKGROUND: Isoflavone compounds naturally occurring in the root of the kudzu plant have been used historically to treat alcohol-related problems. A pilot study was conducted to assess the effects of one primary isoflavone - puerarin - for its ability to modify alcohol intake in humans. METHODS: Ten (10) healthy adult ...

A study was undertaken to develop a score for assessing risk for symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) in ischemic stroke patients treated with intravenous (IV) thrombolysis. The derivation cohort comprised 974 ischemic stroke patients treated (1995-2008) with IV thrombolysis at the Helsinki University Central Hospital. The predictive value of parameters associated ...

Objective: Given the lack of maintenance interventions for eating disorders, a program delivered via the short message service (SMS) and text messaging was developed to support patients after their discharge from inpatient treatment. Method: The efficacy of the intervention was studied in a randomized controlled trial. Additionally, its impact on ...

ObjectiveThe authors performed a randomised trial in very preterm small-for-gestational age (SGA) babies to determine if prophylaxis with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) improves outcomes (the PROGRAMS trial). Despite increased neutrophil counts following GM-CSF, the authors reported no significant difference in neonatal sepsis-free survival.Patients and methods280 babies born <31 weeks of ...

Schizophrenia is a chronic and highly complex psychiatric disorder characterised by cognitive dysfunctions, negative and positive symptoms. The major challenge in schizophrenia research is lack of suitable animal models that mimic the core behavioural aspects and symptoms of this devastating psychiatric disorder. In this study, we used classical and atypical ...

The Chinese version of Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II-C) is one of the most used instruments to measure the severity of depression in Taiwan. The scarce literature regarding its psychometric properties (e.g., measurement invariance) highlighted the need and significance for such an investigation. The purpose of this study was to ...

JNJ-37822681 is a novel, highly selective dopamine D(2) receptor antagonist characterized by a rapid dissociation rate from the dopamine D(2) receptor. This profile was hypothesized to confer antipsychotic efficacy and improved tolerability. In this 12-week study, the efficacy and safety of JNJ-37822681 were evaluated in patients with an acute exacerbation ...

OBJECTIVE: To 1) determine which clinical assessments at admission to an IRF most simply predict discharge walking ability, and 2) identify a clinical decision rule to differentiate household versus community ambulators at discharge from an IRF. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study SETTING: Inpatient Rehabilitation Facility (IRF) PARTICIPANTS: Two samples of participants ...

BACKGROUND: Draft DSM-5 criteria for a mixed major depressive episode have been proposed, but their predictive validity has not yet been established. We hypothesized that such symptoms would be associated with poorer antidepressant treatment outcomes.MethodWe examined outcomes among individuals with major depressive disorder participating in the Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to ...

PURPOSE: We investigated the clinical and physiological effect of low intensity extracorporeal shock wave therapy on men with organic erectile dysfunction who are phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor responders. MATERIALS AND METHODS: After a 1-month phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor washout period, 67 men were randomized in a 2:1 ratio to receive ...

Foot-pad dermatitis (FPD) is a widespread challenge to turkey production. This study aimed at evaluating the effects of using floor heating and exposure to litter with critical moisture content (35%) under experimental infection with Eimeria. adenoeides on the severity of FPD in turkeys. Two trials were done; in each trial, ...

ABSTRACT: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is mainly used for treating severe depression, mania, schizophrenia, and catatonia. Electroconvulsive therapy is usually without serious adverse effects. Headache is a common complaint after ECT but is usually mild and short lasting. Recurrent common migraine induced by ECT has been rarely reported. We report a ...

Frequent use of Facebook and other social networks is thought to be associated with certain behavioral changes, and some authors have expressed concerns about its possible detrimental effect on mental health. In this work, we investigated the relationship between social networking and depression indicators in adolescent population. Total of 160 ...

BACKGROUND: Chronic fatigue syndrome is characterised by persistent fatigue and severe disability. Cognitive behavioural therapy seems to be a promising treatment, but its availability is restricted. We developed Fatigue In Teenagers on the interNET (FITNET), the first dedicated internet-based therapeutic program for adolescents with this disorder, and compared its effectiveness ...

PURPOSE: Well-educated, pregnant, African-American women are disproportionately at risk for adverse birth outcomes and depression linked to stress has been established as a significant contributor to poor birth outcomes. Since racial and gendered stress have been identified as threats to birth outcomes, a cross-sectional study was conducted that utilized the ...

OBJECTIVE: Bipolar disorder (BP) is a mental disorder most likely to co-occur with substance dependence and abuse, especially alcohol dependence (ALD). Whether the effect of comorbid alcoholism is different between the BP-I and BP-II subtypes remains unclear. We aimed to identify the neuropsychological performance of BP patients with and without ...

PURPOSE: Some patients who survive intensive care unit (ICU) treatment report psychological sequelae during recovery. This study examined factors associated with psychological outcomes of former ICU patients up to 6 months after hospital discharge. METHODS: Participants (n = 195) were adult survivors of ICU enrolled in a multicenter trial of physical rehabilitation after ...

To develop a functional outcome prediction score, based on immediate pretreatment parameters, in ischemic stroke patients receiving IV alteplase. The derivation cohort consists of 1,319 ischemic stroke patients treated with IV alteplase at the Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland. We evaluated the predictive value of parameters associated with the ...

Objective: To longitudinally investigate financial capacity (FC) following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Design: Longitudinal study comparing FC in cognitively healthy adults and persons with moderate to severe TBI at time of acute hospitalization (Time 1) and at 6 months postinjury (Time 2). Setting: Inpatient brain injury rehabilitation unit. Participants: Twenty ...

This study compared the efficacy of 2 psychological treatments for fibromyalgia with each other and with standard care. Ninety-three patients with fibromyalgia (FM) were randomly assigned to 1 of the 3 experimental conditions: 1) multicomponent cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT); 2) multicomponent CBT with hypnosis; and 3) pharmacological treatment (standard care control ...

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study is to define treatment response and remission cut-point scores for the Beck Depression Inventory-Second Edition (BDI-II) when used to monitor seasonal affective disorder (SAD) treatment. METHODS: Data from two published randomized clinical trials for SAD were utilized to complete a ROC analysis to define ...

BACKGROUND: Pseudofolliculitis barbae (PFB) significantly impacts the military population, especially deployed personnel. OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to determine whether the addition of topical eflornithine to hair laser treatment would improve efficacy in treating PFB. METHODS: This was a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, paired (right and left neck) comparison study examining ...

Background: The first signs of facial skin photo-aging often occur in the skin of the periorbital area and include sagging, loss of firmness and definition, and sallowness. Epidermal wounds have been shown to alter the trans-epithelial electrical potential creating an electric signal that directs cell migration in epithelial wound healing; ...

A clinical trial of mometasone furoate/formoterol fumarate (MF/F) administered via a metered-dose inhaler in subjects with moderate to very severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) investigated the efficacy and safety of a fixed-dose combination of MF/F. This multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial had a 26-week treatment period and a 26-week safety ...

Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) is a clinical syndrome characterized by pain in the perineum, pelvis, suprapubic area, or external genitalia and variable degrees of voiding and ejaculatory disturbance. The analgesic effect of extracorporeal shock wave treatment (ESWT) was an interesting phenomenon with an unclear mechanism discovered by chance ...

Objectives: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) seems to be effective as an antidepressant, however, some confusion remains about the best parameters to apply and the efficacy of its association with pharmacological antidepressant treatments. Method: In a single blind randomized study 14 patients with unipolar resistant depression to one antidepressant treatment ...

Purpose: To evaluate prevalence rates of autism and autism symptomatology in toddlers using DSM-IV vs DSM-5 criteria. Method: Two thousand seven hundred and twenty-one toddlers at risk for a developmental disability participated. DSM-IV and DSM-5 criteria were applied and overall prevalence using each set of criteria was established. Groups were ...

In this study, we measured the extent of ten levels of classified symptoms by 300 (male and female) patients visiting the hair loss clinics of "S" hospitals in Gangbuk and Gangnam between January 2009 and June 2011 by analyzing the patients' chief complaints. The method of measurement was based on ...

ABSTRACT: INTRODUCTION: Trichotillomania, classified as an impulse control disorder in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, is characterized by the recurrent pulling out of one's hair, resulting in noticeable hair loss. The condition has a varied etiology. Specific serotonin reuptake inhibitors are considered the treatment of choice; however ...

Depression has been linked to increased cortisol concentrations using point measures taken from urine, blood, or saliva samples. However, with regard to hypercortisolism-induced consequences, long-term cumulative cortisol burden is of relevance. Our objective was to use hair analysis as a new method to assess cortisol exposure over 6 months in ...

Research has shown the importance of follistatin, Wnt 7a, and wound healing growth factors on the stimulation of bulge cells and inter-follicular stem cells to induce hair growth. We have studied the effects of a bioengineered, non-recombinant, human cell-derived formulation, termed Hair Stimulating Complex (HSC), containing these factors to assess ...

BACKGROUND: Latanoprost is a prostaglandin analogue used to treat glaucoma. It can cause adverse effects, such as iridial and periocular hyperpigmentation, and eyelash changes including pigmentation and increased thickness, length, and number. Latanoprost has been used to treat eyelash alopecia, but knowledge on its effects on human scalp hair growth ...

BACKGROUND: Depression is a significant public health problem. Pre-clinical studies suggest a potential role of zinc in reducing or preventing depressive symptoms. Many epidemiological studies have examined the association of low zinc status with depression; however, clinical trials on the effect of zinc supplementation in depression are limited. This review ...

Abstract Background: Several botanically derived agents are available for the treatment of male-pattern baldness. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of 5% hexane extract of Curcuma aeruginosa, a botanically derived inhibitor of 5α-reductase and 5% minoxidil in the treatment of androgenetic alopecia. Methods: Eighty-seven men ...

Female-pattern androgenetic alopecia is a very common disorder that has been associated with extreme psychological morbidity. Few treatments have documented utility and many physicians are often overwhelmed with how little is pharmacologically available to treat this condition. Novel treatments that are effective, safe, less costly and simple are in high ...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of oral zinc sulfate in the prevention of chemotherapy-induced mucositis in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT). This study was a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled design, with 60 patients undergoing HSCT, divided proportionally in experimental group who received zinc sulfate, and ...

OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical outcome of children having severe pneumonia, with and without zinc supplementation by a randomized double-blind placebo controlled trial. METHODS: In this study, 128 children (3-60 months old) admitted to the hospital with severe pneumonia were randomly divided into 2 groups (64 in each) that received either ...

Background: Dizzy patients with both psychological and physical symptoms tend to have high levels of disability and are at risk of remaining symptomatic and disabled. The objective of this study was to develop a prediction model for the presence of anxiety and/or depression in older dizzy patients in primary care. ...

BACKGROUND: Previous studies on the impact of cannabis use disorders (CU) on outcome in psychosis were predominantly based on non representative samples, often have not controlled for confounders and rarely focused on adolescent patients. Thus, the aims of the present study were to assess: (i) prevalence of CU; (ii) baseline ...

BACKGROUND: Hair loss may significantly impact an individual's self-image, and studies indicate that patients with both clinically apparent and clinically imperceptible hair loss may have significantly decreased quality of life (QoL). Moreover, clinical severity of hair loss does not necessarily predict impact on QoL. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study ...

Cuban patients with Spinocerebellar Ataxia type 2 (SCA2) have reduced concentrations of zinc in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). To assess the effect and safety of zinc supplementation, 36 Cuban SCA2 patients were randomly assigned to receive daily either 50 mg ZnSO(4) or placebo, together with neurorehabilitation therapy in a randomized, ...

The associations between relationship adjustment and symptoms of depression and anxiety were evaluated in a sample of pregnant married or cohabiting women (N = 113) who were at risk for perinatal depression because of a prior history of major depression. Women completed self-report measures of relationship adjustment, depressive symptoms, and ...

We have validated the use of prolonged inhalation of 7.5% carbon dioxide (CO(2)) as a human model of anxiety and have shown that drugs from two prototypical classes of anxiolytics, benzodiazepines and a serotonin reuptake inhibitor, attenuate CO(2)-induced symptoms (Bailey et al., 2007a). Preclinical evidence suggests that drugs acting at ...

The aim of the study was to examine whether a cognitive-behavioral self-help program was effective in improving depressed mood and anxiety in people with acquired deafness. Participants were 45 persons with acquired deafness, randomly allocated to the Cognitive-Behavioral Self-help (CBS) group or the Waiting List Control (WLC) group. Depression and ...

Measurement-based care refers to the use of standardized scales to measure the outcome of psychiatric treatment. Diagnostic heterogeneity poses a challenge toward the adoption of a measurement-based care approach toward outcome evaluation in clinical practice. In the present article, we propose adopting the concept of psychiatric vital signs to facilitate ...

The impact of infertility on the psychological well-being of couples has been the subject of increasing attention in recent years. The frustration of couples of a relatively young age (i.e., in their 4th decades) provokes not only anxiety and depression but also negative effects on the relationships. The objective of ...

We sought to determine if maternal depression, anxiety, and/or treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) affect placental human serotonin transporter (SLC6A4), norepinephrine transporter (SLC6A2), and 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11β-HSD2) gene expression. Relative mRNA expression was compared among placental samples (n = 164) from healthy women, women with untreated depression and/or ...