Ibuprofen is a well established analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic NSAID. In three double-blind, multicentre trials in postoperative adult patients (n = 185-406), intravenous ibuprofen 800 mg once every 6 hours, as an adjunct to morphine, significantly reduced the consumption of morphine compared with placebo, as an adjunct to morphine, in two of the ...

OBJECTIVES:: Erectile dysfunction (ED) is common among methadone-maintained patients and reduces their quality of life. This study reports the prevalence of ED among male heroin addicts receiving methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) in China and describes factors that may contribute to ED. METHODS:: Seventy-four male heroin addicts enrolled in 4 MMT ...

Cocaine dependence is a significant public health problem for which there are currently no FDA-approved medications. Hence, identifying candidate compounds and employing an efficient evaluation process is crucial. This paper describes key design decisions made for a National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) Clinical Trials Network (CTN) study that uses ...

BACKGROUND:: Minority race/ethnicity is generally associated with ART non-adherence in U.S.-based studies. Limitations of the existing literature include small samples, subjective adherence measures, and inadequate control for potential confounders such as mental health and substance use, which have been consistently associated with poorer adherence. METHODS:: Individual-level data were pooled from ...

Objective: This study examined the predictors of self-efficacy in reducing risky injection behaviors among heroin users receiving methadone maintenance treatment (MMT). Method: The Methadone Maintenance Treatment Outcome Study was an 18-month prospective study from March 2007 to July 2008. Data collection was conducted in the substance use disorders treatment outpatient ...

Cocaine use is known to induce transient psychotic symptoms. We evaluated retrospectively the lifetime prevalence of cocaine-induced psychotic symptoms in 105 cocaine addicts with the French version of the Scale for Assessment of Positive Symptoms-Cocaine Induced Psychosis (SAPS-CIP) in a clinical setting. Most patients (86.5%) described such symptoms.

Opioid analgesia is the primary pharmacologic intervention for managing pain. However, opioids can cause various adverse effects including pruritus, nausea, constipation, and sedation. Respiratory depression is the most fatal side effect. Therefore, cautious monitoring of respiratory status must be done after opioid administration. Here, we report a patient who suffered ...

Opium use in diabetic populations is associated with major depressive disorder (MDD). This study was designed to investigate the relationship between opium use and severity of depression in Iranian diabetic patients. In this case-control study, 642 type 2 diabetic patients were recruited from those presenting at two outpatient clinics at ...

The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of tramadol versus methadone for treatment of opiate withdrawal. Seventy patients randomly were assigned in two groups to receive either prescribed methadone (60 mg/day) or tramadol (600 mg/day). The withdrawal syndrome of patients was evaluated before and after ...

BackgroundRenal colic pain is a frequent cause of emergency department admissions (1-2% of admissions). It is extremely painful, often requiring intravenous morphine titration. The aim of this study was to estimate the effect of adding nefopam to ketoprofen upon subsequent morphine consumption and the time needed to achieve adequate analgesia ...

Cocaine dependence is a chronically relapsing disorder for which its predominant behavioral therapies are associated with only partial efficacy. The goal of this study was to determine if the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptor partial agonist and cognitive enhancer, d-cycloserine (DCS), could boost the cocaine abstinence and treatment retention goals of ...

Depressed women with sexual abuse histories have a heightened risk of suicidal ideation (SI), which may be only in part attributable to psychiatric symptoms of depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Emotions and SI were studied among 106 women with histories of childhood sexual abuse enrolled in treatment trials for ...

BACKGROUND: Intrathecal morphine is an effective analgesic post-cesarean delivery; however, it may be contraindicated or unsuitable in some patients. We compared the efficacy and side effects of intrathecal morphine with an ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block in a randomized, controlled, double-blinded trial. The primary outcome was the morphine equivalents ...

This is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of modafinil treatment for cocaine dependence. Patients (N = 210) who were actively using cocaine at baseline were randomized to 8 weeks of modafinil (0 mg/day, 200 mg/day, or 400 mg/day) combined with once-weekly cognitive-behavioral therapy. Our primary efficacy measure was cocaine abstinence, ...

BACKGROUND: Heroin users represent a challenging group of patients for GPs, with a high morbidity including a high prevalence of depression. Compared to other groups, management of 'depression' in heroin users is likely to require different approaches.Aim.To examine heroin users' beliefs about connections between depressive symptoms and drug taking. DESIGN: ...

Background:We performed a systematic review to assess the efficacy of dexamethasone in reducing postoperative nausea, vomiting (PONV), pruritus, and enhancing postoperative analgesia in patients receiving neuraxial anesthesia with neuraxial morphine.Methods:We searched Medline (1966-2011), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EMBASE, and Web of Science for all randomized controlled trials ...

BACKGROUND: Although alcohol problems are common in military personnel, data examining the relationship between psychiatric conditions and alcohol abuse occurring de novo peri-/post-deployment are limited. We examined whether pre-existing or coincident depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) predicted new onset peri-/post-deployment alcohol abuse among Ohio Army National Guard (OHARNG) soldiers. ...

This study aimed to investigate the impact of internet addiction on some psychiatric symptoms among university students. This cross-sectional study was conducted among 250 students selected via quota sampling from universities in Isfahan, Iran. Participants completed demographic questionnaire, Young Diagnostic Questionnaire, Internet Addiction Test and Symptom Checklist-90-Revision (SCL-90-R). Finally, the ...

Prescription opioid (PO)-dependent treatment presentations are becoming increasingly common; however, most research on the treatment of opioid-dependent populations has been conducted in heroin users. The aim of this secondary data analysis was to compare the buprenorphine induction experience of 167 heroin and 61 PO users. Results demonstrate that although the ...

Taking opioids with other central nervous system (CNS) depressants can increase risk of oversedation and respiratory depression. We used telephone survey and electronic health care data to assess the prevalence of, and risk factors for, concurrent use of alcohol and/or sedatives among 1,848 integrated care plan members who were prescribed ...

Aims: To provide an initial abuse liability assessment of an electronic cigarette (EC) in current tobacco cigarette smokers. Design: The first of four, within-subject sessions was an EC sampling session that involved six, 10-puff bouts (30s interpuff interval) with each bout separated by 30-mins. In the remaining three sessions participants ...

Abstract Objective: This pilot study examined smoking reduction and cessation among college smokers with elevated depressive symptomatology participating in a group-based behavioral counseling, mood management, and motivational enhancement combined intervention (CBT). Participants and Methods: Fifty-eight smokers (smoked 6 days in the past 30) were randomized to 6 sessions of CBT ...

Impulsivity refers to a wide spectrum of actions characterized by quick and nonplanned reactions to external and internal stimuli, without taking into account the possible negative consequences for the individual or others, and decision-making is one of the biologically dissociated impulsive behaviors. Changes in impulsivity may be associated with norepinephrine. ...

Background. Dyspnea is one of the main complaints in a group of COPD patients due to exposure to sulfur mustard (SM) and is refractory to conventional therapies. We designed this study to evaluate effectiveness of nebulized morphine in such patients. Materials and Methods. In a double-blind clinical trial study, 40 ...

Female pattern hair loss, or androgenic alopecia, is the most common type of hair loss affecting women. It is characterised by progressive shortening of the duration of the growth phase of the hair with successive hair cycles, and progressive follicular miniaturisation with conversion of terminal to vellus hair follicles (terminal ...

INTRODUCTION: Both smoking and depression have been associated with increased inflammatory markers. As there are few studies on inflammatory markers that distinguish between depressed and nondepressed smokers, it is unclear if there is a cumulative impact of these mediators of inflammation. The aim of this study was to investigate inflammatory ...

The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of community-based group intervention for tobacco cessation. We recruited 400 men (20-40 years) currently using any form of tobacco from 20 villages of the Indian State of Tamil Nadu and randomized them equally into intervention and control groups. A physician ...

Considering the difficulties in stopping smoking, this article aimed to identify factors relating to failure of attempts to quit smoking among smokers who sought care at an outpatient clinic in a general university hospital. Prospective cohort study evaluating 100 smokers who sought treatment at the Psychoactive Substances Outpatient Clinic. The ...

Preclinical research and learning theory suggest that a longer duration of varenicline treatment prior to the target quit date (TQD) would reduce smoking rates before cessation and improve abstinence outcomes. A double-blind randomized controlled trial tested this hypothesis in 60 smokers randomized to either an Extended run-in group (4 weeks ...

BACKGROUND: Studies with inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) in smoking asthmatics have mostly shown poorer treatment responses than in non-smoking asthmatics. METHODS: EuroSMART, an open, randomised, 6-month study, compared budesonide/formoterol (Symbicort (®) Turbuhaler(®))(h) maintenance and reliever therapy (Symbicort SMART(®)) at two maintenance doses of budesonide/formoterol (160/4.5 μg), 1 × 2 and 2 × 2, in patients with ...

RATIONALE: Treatments based on exposure/response prevention (Exp/RP) produce only modest benefits in substance dependence disorders. However, a new strategy, which has shown promise in animal models of addiction involves combining Exp/RP with extinction-enhancing pharmacological treatments. A prototype of the latter is D-cycloserine (DCS), a partial agonist at the glycine site ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Smokers need effective support to maximise the chances of successful quit attempts. Current smoking cessation medications, such as nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), bupropion, nortriptyline or varenicline, have been shown to be effective in clinical trials but are underused by smokers attempting to quit due to adverse effects, contraindications, ...

This study examined therapist adherence and competence of the first telephone-based Acceptance & Commitment Therapy (ACT) intervention for smoking cessation. An independent rater assessed 100% (n=54 sessions) of the recorded phone sessions for adherence and competence on a 1 (never addressed) to 5 (addressed extensively) scale. A separate 20% random ...

INTRODUCTION: Current smoking cessation guidelines recommend setting a quit date prior to starting pharmacotherapy. However, providing flexibility in the date of quitting may be more acceptable to some smokers. The objective of this study was to compare varenicline 1 mg twice daily (b.i.d.) with placebo in subjects using a flexible ...

INTRODUCTION: Approximately 60%-70% of cigarette smokers who try to quit relapse by 2 weeks postcessation. We tested the efficacy of a front-loaded (FL) counseling intervention whose goal was to increase the likelihood of successful early abstinence and subsequent long-term abstinence. METHODS: We randomized 278 adult smokers to an FL or ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: There is a need for biomarkers to better characterise individuals with COPD and to aid with the development of therapeutic interventions. A panel of putative blood biomarkers was assessed in a subgroup of the Evaluation of COPD Longitudinally to Identify Surrogate Endpoints (ECLIPSE) cohort. METHODS: Thirty-four blood biomarkers ...

The aim of this study is to examine the effects of treatment with varenicline, a partial agonist at the α4β2 and full agonist at the α7 nicotine acetylcholine receptor, on cognitive impairments in people with schizophrenia. In all, 120 clinically stable people with schizophrenia participated in randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled 8-week ...

This article reports on findings from a cross-sectional study (N=378) of patients living with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The purpose of this study was to identify and clarify the unique psychosocial challenges for those living with lupus. The specific analysis will help to develop a model to determine how different ...

OBJECTIVES: We conducted a systematic literature review of smoking cessation interventions for patients with histories of depressive disorders or current significant depressive symptoms. We examined the comparative effectiveness of smoking cessation strategies on abstinence rates, differential effects of cessation strategies by depression status (i.e., history positive vs. current depression), and ...

INTRODUCTION: Previous studies have shown links between anxiety and depression and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but little is known about possible mechanisms of this association. The current study examined whether the observed relationship between anxiety and depression and COPD is explained by confounding due to cigarette smoking and lifetime ...

Objectives: Smoking is an important risk factor in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). A recent clinical trial demonstrated the efficacy of varenicline versus placebo as an aid to smoking cessation in patients with COPD. This study examines the cost-effectiveness of varenicline from the perspective of the healthcare systems of Spain ...

INTRODUCTION: Snus is a low-nitrosamine smokeless product that appears to be safer than other smokeless products. Evidence indicates that snus has been used as an effective smoking cessation aid in Scandinavia. No randomized controlled trial has directly tested the efficacy of snus for smoking cessation. METHODS: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled ...

BACKGROUND:: Polymorphism of the DRD2 gene (rs1800497), previously termed Taq1A, includes the A1 and A2 alleles. The A1 genotype (A1/A1, A2/A2) has been associated with smoking dependence. The present study determined which polymorphism of the DRD2 gene had a salutary outcome in administration of rimonabant, a drug used in smoking ...

Cigarette smoking is prevalent in cocaine/methamphetamine-dependent patients and associated with significant morbidity and mortality, yet, the provision of smoking cessation treatment in conjunction with substance use disorder (SUD) treatment is not standard practice. This is due, in part, to clinician concern that combining smoking cessation treatment with SUD treatment could ...

PURPOSE: To determine which factors predict smoking cessation treatment completion and retention among adolescents. METHODS: In a multisite, randomized, controlled trial, the efficacy of motivational interviewing was compared with structured brief advice for smoking cessation and reduction in adolescents (n = 355) aged 14-18 years (55% female, 45% black, 12% ...

ABSTRACT The authors tested the effectiveness of a smoking cessation treatment called auricular therapy that involves the delivery of electrical pulses to specific points on the outer ear. They explored the following question: Do patients undergoing auricular therapy demonstrate greater quit rates in comparison to patients assigned to a control ...

Cytisine, a partial agonist that binds with high affinity to the α(4)β(2) nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, is a low-cost treatment that may be effective in aiding smoking cessation. This study assessed the efficacy and safety of cytisine as compared with placebo. We conducted a single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Participants were ...

RATIONALE: In preclinical and clinical studies, medications enhancing the GABA neurotransmission attenuate nicotine reward. Pregabalin, a GABA analogue, presumably interacts with brain glutamate and GABA neurotransmission. The goal of this study was to determine pregabalin's effects on smoking behavior, nicotine withdrawal, craving for cigarettes, and cognitive performance. METHODS: Twenty-four smokers ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: There is substantial evidence to support the association between tuberculosis (TB) and tobacco smoking and that the smoking-related immunological abnormalities in TB are reversible within six weeks of cessation. Therefore, connecting TB and tobacco cessation interventions may produce significant benefits and positively impact TB treatment outcomes. However, no ...

BACKGROUND: Brief advice for smoking patients has not been sufficiently integrated in routine care. Computer-based interventions emerged as a time saving option that might help to exhaust the potential population impact of the general practice setting. METHOD: 151 practices were randomly assigned to one of three intervention programs consisting in ...