BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Statin therapy decreases the risk of ischemic stroke. An increased risk of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) has been observed in some studies. To investigate this issue, we performed a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials using statins that reported ICH. METHODS: We performed a literature search of Medline, Web ...

Patients with depression and poorly controlled diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease (CHD), or both have higher medical complication rates and higher health care costs, suggesting that more effective care management of psychiatric and medical disease control might also reduce medical service use and enhance quality of life. To evaluate the ...

There is some evidence to suggest that obesity is a risk factor for the development of depression, although this is not a universal finding. This discordance might be ascribed to the existence of a 'healthy obese phenotype'-that is, obesity in the absence of the associated burden of cardiometabolic risk factors. ...

AimsA randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted to investigate the safety and efficacy of mipomersen, an apolipoprotein B-100 (apoB) synthesis inhibitor, in patients who are statin intolerant and at high risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD).Methods and resultsThirty-three subjects, not receiving statin therapy because of statin intolerance, received a weekly subcutaneous ...

Background: According to prior analyses, extended-release niacin/laropiprant (ERN/LRPT) consistently reduces low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglycerides (TG) and increases high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels across a wide range of dyslipidemic patient subgroups. Objectives: This analysis examined ERN/LRPT's consistency across four phase III, randomized, double-blind trials in improving other lipid/lipoprotein parameters ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: People with Familial Hypercholesterolemia (FH) may benefit from lifestyle changes supporting their primary treatment of dyslipidaemia. This project evaluated the efficacy of an individualised tailored lifestyle intervention on lipids (low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides), systolic blood pressure, glucose, ...

One of the major indicators of intact endothelial function is basal nitric oxide (NO) activity. Further, it seems to be likely that statin therapy exerts beneficial effects on vascular function, at least in part via an improvement of NO bioavailability. In the present double-blind crossover study 29 hypercholesterolemic patients were ...

It is widely accepted that randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are the gold standard for demonstrating the efficacy of a given therapy (results under ideal conditions). Observational studies, on the other hand, can complement this by demonstrating effectiveness (results under real-world conditions). To examine the role that observational studies can play ...

BACKGROUND:Evidence from observational studies have raised the possibility that statin treatment reduces the incidence of certain bacterial infections, particularly pneumonia. We analyzed data from a randomized controlled trial of rosuvastatin to examine this hypothesis. METHODS:We analyzed data from the randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled JUPITER trial (Justification for the Use of Statins ...

The negative impact of low acculturation on mental health in Hispanic older adults is widely known. The current study examined whether this association varied by a perceived density of people with same racial/ethnic backgrounds in neighborhoods. We hypothesized that the negative impact of low acculturation on mental health would be ...

Accumulating data suggest that depression is associated with risk factors for cardiovascular disease, but few studies have investigated potential behavioral mediators of such associations, particularly among women. In this study of healthy young adult women (n = 225), we examined associations among depressive symptoms, health behaviors, and serum lipid levels. Depressive symptoms ...

BackgroundRimonabant treatment, examined in Phase 3 trials, showed improvement of cardiovascular risk factors in obese patients.ObjectiveThe objective of this Phase 4 trial is to assess the effectiveness of rimonabant plus lifestyle counselling when used in daily practice, namely in the general practice. The hypothesis was that the effectiveness in Phase ...

Older patients with coronary artery disease often experience depressive symptoms and are vulnerable to developing cognitive impairment. Whether depressive symptoms increase their risk of cognitive decline is unknown. To examine the association between the stability of depressive symptoms and cognitive decline for 30 months among patients undergoing coronary angiography and ...

Many scoring systems have been suggested to predict the outcomes of deceased donor liver transplantations. The aims of this study were to compare the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score with respect to other scores among patients who underwent living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) seeking to evaluate the best ...

Aims: To identify baseline clinical factors associated with acute treatment response in depressed older adults with bipolar disorder (BD) receiving lamotrigine. Methods: Secondary analysis of a multisite, 12-week, open-label, uncontrolled study of add-on lamotrigine in 57 adults 60 years and older with BD I or II depression. Measures included the ...

OPINION STATEMENT: The benefits of statins for both primary and secondary prevention of ischemic stroke are clearly established. Evidence is accumulating that statin withdrawal after ischemic stroke may lead to worse outcome and that initiation of statins after ischemic stroke may reduce mortality and improve outcome. Current treatment guidelines recommend ...

Niacin, or water-soluble vitamin B(3), when given at pharmacologic doses, is a powerful lipid-altering agent. This drug, which lowers the levels of atherogenic, apolipoprotein-B-containing lipoproteins, is one of few medications that can raise the levels of atheroprotective HDL cholesterol. Niacin also has beneficial effects on other cardiovascular risk factors, including ...

BACKGROUND: Considerable interest has focused on the development of therapies that target the functionality of high-density lipoproteins (HDL). Upregulation of endogenous synthesis of the major protein on HDL particles, apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), represents a novel approach to generation of new HDL particles. The Study of Quantitative Serial Trends in Lipids ...

AimsHigh-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) is inversely associated with cardiovascular (CV) events and thus an attractive therapeutic target. However, in spite of marked elevations in HDL-C, the first cholesterol transport protein (CETP) inhibitor torcetrapib raised blood pressure (BP), impaired endothelial function, and increased CV mortality and morbidity. Dalcetrapib is a novel ...

OBJECTIVE: Patients with dyslipoproteinemia constitute the largest risk group for development of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Despite extensive statin use, many patients with CVD risk do not achieve guideline-recommended low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) targets. This pooled analysis of 27 previously published clinical trials conducted between 1999 and 2008 evaluated ...

To evaluate the effectiveness of a home-based cardiac rehabilitation (CR) program on post-coronary arteries bypass graft patients. This is a randomized study conducted in King Fahd Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia between June 2008 and January 2010. Forty-nine participants were randomized to either a control group (standard ...

OBJECTIVE: Estrogen therapy is, to date, the most effective treatment of menopausal syndrome and also has a favorable effect on lipid profiles. Because of its potential adverse effects, however, a more acceptable alternative therapy needs to be identified. This study examines the effect of soy germ isoflavones on menopausal symptoms ...

Severe sepsis and septic shock are the most common reasons for admission to an intensive care unit; and the risk of death is substantial, estimated at approximately 40%. Evidence suggests that early resuscitation strategies that include the use of resuscitation fluids, antibiotics, blood, and inotropes reduce death. Although fluid resuscitation ...

In November 2008, the JUPITER trial was published in the New England Journal of Medicine. JUPITER is an acronym for Justification for the Use of Statins in Prevention: an Intervention Trial Evaluating Rosuvastatin. It was an AstraZeneca sponsored randomized double-blind trial comparing rosuvastatin 20 mg with placebo in 17,802 apparently ...

Objective. This systematic review aims to evaluate the benefit and side effect of Xuezhikang for coronary heart disease (CHD) complicated by dyslipidemia. Methods. All randomized clinical trials (RCTs) with Xuezhikang as a treatment for CHD combined with dyslipidemia were considered for inclusion. Data extraction and analyses and quality assessment were ...

Stroke is a disabling disease. In elderly populations, stroke is the third leading cause of death and the primary cause of reduction in or loss of functional ability and personal autonomy. Possible associations between levels of total serum cholesterol (TC) and both incidence of stroke and functional outcomes after rehabilitation ...

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: The renal and cardiovascular protective effects of angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) remain controversial in type 2 diabetic patients treated with a contemporary regimen including an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI). METHODS: We examined the effects of olmesartan, an ARB, on primary composite outcome of doubling of serum creatinine, endstage ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Decreased diffusion (DD) consistent with acute ischemia may be detected on MRI after acute intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), but its risk factors and impact on functional outcomes are not well-defined. We tested the hypotheses that DD after ICH is related to acute blood pressure (BP) reduction and lower ...

PURPOSE: The aim of this meta-analysis was to re-evaluate the evidence in favour of oxygen or room air as the initial gas mixture for neonatal resuscitation in terms of the following outcomes: death, hypoxic/ischemic encephalopathy, need for tracheal intubation, and APGAR score-Appearance (skin color), Pulse (heart rate), Grimace (reflex irritability), ...

Treatment-related mortality (TRM) is important in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML); yet, little is known about how TRM is defined across trials. Two major problems are related to what constitutes treatment versus disease-related cause of death and to TRM attribution (for example, death due to infection ...

BACKGROUND: Several studies have demonstrated increased mortality associated with depression and with anxiety. Mortality due to comorbidity of two mental disorders may be even more increased. Therefore, we investigated the mortality among patients with depression, with anxiety and with both diagnoses. METHODS: By linking the longitudinal Psychiatric Case Register Middle-Netherlands, ...

BACKGROUND: Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) represents the main cause of death in patients with refractory epilepsy. No evidence-based intervention to prevent SUDEP exists. We postulated that pooling data from randomised placebo-controlled trials in patients with refractory epilepsy might show a lower incidence of SUDEP in patients receiving antiepileptic ...

Although losses are important consequences of disasters, few epidemiological studies of disasters have assessed complicated grief (CG) and none assessed CG associated with losses other than death of loved one. Data come from the baseline survey of the Hurricane Katrina Community Advisory Group, a representative sample of 3,088 residents of ...

Patients with diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPG) have a poor prognosis. Although DIPG constitute only 10-15% of all pediatric brain tumors, they are the main cause of death in this group. Despite 26 clinical trials in newly diagnosed DIPG in the past 5years (including several targeted agents), there is no ...

There have been postmarketing reports of adverse cardiovascular events associated with the use of varenicline, a widely used smoking cessation drug. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to ascertain the serious adverse cardiovascular effects of varenicline compared with placebo among tobacco users. We searched MEDLINE, ...

The potential to reduce cardiovascular morbidity through dietary modification remains an area of intense clinical and scientific interest. Any putatively beneficial intervention should be tested within a randomised controlled trial which records appropriate endpoints, ideally incident CVD and death. However, the large sample sizes required for these endpoints and associated ...

Background: Quantitative studies in several European countries showed that 10-20% of older people have or have had a wish to die. Aims: To improve our understanding of why some older people develop a wish to die. Methods: In-depth interviews with people with a wish to die (n = 31) were ...

Background: Death thoughts and wishes occur frequently among older people. In different European countries estimates of 10%-20% have been found. Aims: To determine the prevalence and associated factors of death thoughts and wishes among older people in The Netherlands. Methods: In The Netherlands 1794 people (58-98 years) were interviewed in ...

This study was designed to examine the impact of elevated depressive affect on health outcomes among participants with hypertensive chronic kidney disease in the African-American Study of Kidney Disease and Hypertension (AASK) Cohort Study. Elevated depressive affect was defined by Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II) thresholds of 11 or more, ...

To determine if the effect of sertraline in the depression in Alzheimer's disease study - 2 (DIADS-2) differed in subgroups of patients defined by baseline depression criteria. DIADS-2 was a randomized, parallel, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of sertraline (target dose of 100 mg/day) for the ...

This secondary analysis from the Prevention of Recurrent Episodes of Depression with Venlafaxine Extended Release (ER) for Two Years (PREVENT) study compared the efficacy of venlafaxine ER and fluoxetine for the prevention of recurrence in patients with a history of recurrent major depressive disorder (MDD). Patients received double-blind treatment with ...

Novel chiral cyclohexylaryl amines were developed with potent reuptake inhibition against the serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine transporters and activity at 10 and 30mpk PO in the mouse tail suspension test. Prototype compound 31 (SERT, NET, DAT IC(50)⩽1, 21, 28nM) was highly brain penetrant, had minimal CYP and hERG inhibition, and ...

The current work discloses a novel cyclohexylarylamine chemotype with potent inhibition of the serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine transporters and potential for treatment of major depressive disorder. Optimized compounds 1 (SERT, NET, DAT, IC(50)=169, 85, 21nM) and 42 (SERT, NET, DAT IC(50)=34, 295, 90nM) were highly brain penetrant, active in vivo ...

Hook ups are casual sexual encounters (ranging from kissing to intercourse) between two people with no clear mutual expectation of further interactions or a committed relationship. This study utilized a short-term prospective design to examine predictors of hooking up in a sample of young adults (N = 394). Hooking up over the ...

The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of extended release quetiapine fumarate (quetiapine XR) as maintenance monotherapy for patients with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Time-to-event (anxiety symptom recurrence; maximum 52 weeks) multicenter, randomized-withdrawal, parallel-group, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of quetiapine XR (50-300 mg/day) following open-label run-in ...

Early neonatal hyperglycemia is common among very low birth weight (VLBW) neonates. Increased risks for death and major morbidities have been observed among VLBW neonates who develop hyperglycemia. It is uncertain whether the hyperglycemia per se is a cause of adverse clinical outcomes or whether the incidence of adverse outcomes ...

To determine all cause mortality and deaths from cardiovascular events related to intensive glucose lowering treatment in people with type 2 diabetes. Meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane database of systematic reviews. Randomised controlled trials that assessed the effect of intensive glucose lowering treatment on cardiovascular ...

Introduction: Metabolic risk factors, termed metabolic syndrome, which include obesity, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, are more common in patients with bipolar disorder than in the general population. Moreover, medications used to treat bipolar disorder carry some risk of worsening metabolic parameters.Method: The study was conducted at 46 study centers in ...

To review the effectiveness and safety of clinical officers (healthcare providers trained to perform tasks usually undertaken by doctors) carrying out caesarean section in developing countries compared with doctors. Systematic review with meta-analysis. Medline, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CINAHL, BioMed Central, the Reproductive Health Library, and the ...

This is the first multicenter, double blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of adjunctive zonisamide for the treatment of bipolar mania or mixed state. One hundred four patients with Bipolar Disorder, Type I, II or NOS, in a manic, hypomanic or mixed state of illness were ...