Spontaneous haemoperitoneum in pregnancy, more especially idiopathic ones are rare and can be life threatening. We present a case of a 30 year old pregnant woman who at 29 weeks gestation developed spontaneous haemoperitoneum. An exploratory laparotomy was done which did not reveal the source of the bleeding. She subsequently ...

BACKGROUND: Nausea and vomiting in pregnancy (NVP) is a normal, commonly experienced affliction of early pregnancy. Despite this, its impact on women's lives is not necessarily minimal. For some women, the implications of NVP are substantial with multi-faceted effects, hindering their ability to maintain usual life activities, and particularly their ...

This article systematically reviews the literature pertaining to correlates of body dissatisfaction during pregnancy. A total of 8 electronic databases were searched and 251 papers identified, 56 of which met inclusion criteria. Full text scrutiny of these papers reduced the final list of reviewed papers to 22. Results of the ...

Rudimentary horn pregnancy is rare, but can cause considerable morbidity and mortality. We discuss five cases presented to our hospital in the last 10 years and systematically review the 10-year literature of rudimentary horn pregnancies diagnosed antenatally pre-rupture. OBJECTIVES OF THE REVIEW: The aim of the review was to find radiologic ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Lipoprotein (Lp) (a) is a neglected element of the blood lipid profile. It is now recognized as a determinant of coronary heart disease progression and its role in atherosclerosis and its ability to induce thrombosis make it potentially important in the course of normal and complicated pregnancies. ...

The amount of genetic and genomic information obtainable from the human fetus during pregnancy is accelerating at an unprecedented rate. Two themes have dominated recent technological advances in prenatal diagnosis: interrogation of the fetal genome in increasingly high resolution and the development of non-invasive methods of fetal testing using cell-free ...

Introduction: Several authors have reported on pregnancy outcomes associated with enlarged nuchal translucency (NT) in cases of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), and thus, thickened NT has been considered a possible early ultrasound scan sign of SMA. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the association between an increased NT ...

Abstract Overnutrition and undernutrition furing pregnancy are closely related to pregnancy outcome as well as neonatal and perinatal outcomes. This and more, from various published data it seems that the effect of maternal nutrition during fetal life stretches far beyond the neonatal period, and influences health issues in adulthood, from ...

The focus of this article is the evaluation and management of pregnant patients with nonobstetric abdominal pain and surgical emergencies. The anatomic and physiologic changes that occur during pregnancy can cause difficulties in interpreting patients' signs and symptoms in emergency departments. This article reviews some of the common causes of ...

Rates of unintended pregnancy and abortion are high, yet many doctors do not feel comfortable discussing emergency contraception with patients, even in cases of sexual assault. Since the approval of ulipristal acetate (ella) for emergency contraception, there has been even more confusion and controversy. This article reviews various emergency contraceptive ...

First-trimester vaginal bleeding and abdominal pain are common complaints in the emergency department. The differential diagnosis is broad, ranging from benign conditions to life-threatening complications. This is a difficult topic because it is charged not only with immediate emotional connotations but also with potential long-term effects on the patient's ability ...

In 2011, the first systematic review of the evidence behind the diagnostic criteria for miscarriage was published. It states, "findings were limited by the small number and poor quality of the studies," and concluded that further studies were, "urgently required before setting future standards for the accurate diagnosis of early ...

The evolution of the diagnosis and management of women with an early pregnancy loss has been a success story. The mortality from ectopic pregnancy has objectively been decreased in the past few decades. However, modern management has resulted in a new set of issues. Over-interpretation of a single ultrasound, misunderstanding ...

Landmark studies have established taxanes in the treatment of patients with breast cancer; however, recommendations regarding their administration during pregnancy are controversial. The present systematic review aims to synthesize all available data that stem exclusively from breast cancer case series to evaluate the efficacy and safety of taxanes during pregnancy. ...

Background: Hyperthyroidism is one of the most common endocrine disorders in pregnant women, and it can severely complicate the course and outcome of pregnancy. Methimazole (MMI) and propylthiouracil (PTU) are the standard anti-thyroid drugs used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism in pregnancy. Traditionally, MMI has been considered to have clearer ...

STUDY QUESTION: What is the current literature on the safety and efficacy of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) use in infertile women? SUMMARY ANSWER: There is little evidence that infertile women benefit from taking an SSRI, therefore they should be counseled appropriately about the risks and be advised to consider ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The Malaria in Pregnancy (MiP) Library is a bibliographic database that was created by the MiP Consortium in 2005 and is updated every four months using a standardized search protocol. A bibliometric review was conducted of the contents of the Library to determine dynamics in the type, content ...

BACKGROUND: In regions where prenatal screening for anencephaly and spina bifida is widespread, many cases of these defects are diagnosed prenatally. The purpose of this study was to estimate the frequency of termination of pregnancy (TOP) following prenatal diagnosis of anencephaly or spina bifida and to investigate factors associated with ...

Heterotopic pregnancy occurs in up to 1% of pregnancies after IVF and embryo transfer. A case of a 35-year-old woman undergoing IVF treatment who had had previous laparoscopic bilateral salpingectomy due to hydrosalpinges is presented. She had had two heterotopic pregnancies in both tubal stumps in consecutive pregnancies achieved by ...

Cervico-isthmic pregnancy is a rare form of ectopic pregnancy associated with a high morbidity and mortality rate. Recent advances in high-resolution ultrasound have made the diagnosis of early cervico-isthmic pregnancies easier. Early diagnosis allows a more conservative therapeutic approach that avoids hysterectomy and preserves fertility. Here is reported a case ...

This review critically evaluates the current evidence regarding the effect of the dietary glycemic index (GI) on pregnancy outcomes in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Current evidence, although limited, consistently supports the advantages of, and has demonstrated no disadvantages of, a low-GI diet. We conclude that pregnant women with GDM are ...

Emergency contraception (EC) is widely used to prevent unwanted pregnancy. This review considers the safety and efficacy of three commonly used methods - levonorgestrel (LNG-EC), ulipristal acetate (UPA) and the copper intrauterine device. All are extremely safe, and side effects are minimal. Concerns about increased risks of ectopic pregnancy after ...

BACKGROUND: The review was conducted to examine studies that assess whether the number of pill packs dispensed, or prescribed, affects method continuation and other measures of use. STUDY DESIGN: PubMed database was searched from inception through March 2012 for all peer-reviewed articles, in any language, that examined the effect of ...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This article aims to draw together recent thinking on pregnancy and obesity, with a particular emphasis on prevention strategies and emerging clinical complications. RECENT FINDINGS: New studies including a large meta-analysis have highlighted that weight reduction strategies are not associated with adverse maternal or perinatal outcomes, and ...

BACKGROUND: Safe initiation of contraceptive methods requires that pregnancy be excluded. The World Health Organization has developed a list of criteria to assess pregnancy status. This review was conducted to evaluate the evidence regarding these criteria in excluding pregnancy. STUDY DESIGN: The PubMed database was searched from database inception through ...

BACKGROUND: Female sterilization is the second most commonly used form of contraception in the United States. Newer approaches to female sterilization, including hysteroscopic methods, have been approved for use in the United States since 2002. Little is known about the occurrence and timing of pregnancies after these procedures. STUDY DESIGN: ...

Preeclampsia affects 5-8% of pregnancies and is the leading worldwide cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. It is known that preeclampsia is associated with shallow trophoblast invasion and inadequate spiral artery remodeling, which are widely believed to lead to placental hypoxia, the putative culprit initiating the cascade of ...

Endometriosis, a highly prevalent gynecological disease, can lead to infertility in moderate to severe cases. Whether minimal stages are associated with infertility is still unclear. The purpose of this systematic review is to present studies regarding the association between pregnancy rates and the presence of early stages of endometriosis. Studies ...

The goal of this review is to synthesize the available information regarding factors leading to the first cesarean, especially as it relates to the role of electronic fetal heart rate monitoring (EFM) in the prevention of the first cesarean. The widespread use of EFM did not reduce perinatal or neonatal ...

The fetal face is an essential source of information. Its evaluation makes it possible to diagnose several fetal diseases and syndromes. Three-dimensional ultrasound and four-dimensional ultrasound facilitate the evaluation of superficial anatomical facial structures and have become essential complementary tools to two-dimensional ultrasound, providing additional and more precise information about ...

Vasectomy is the most common urological procedure in the United States with 18% of men having a vasectomy before age 45. A significant proportion of vasectomized men ultimately request vasectomy reversal, usually due to divorce and/or remarriage. Vasectomy reversal is a commonly practiced but technically demanding microsurgical procedure that restores ...

The endocrinology of human pregnancy involves endocrine and metabolic changes that result from physiological alterations at the boundary between mother and fetus. Progesterone and oestrogen have a great role along with other hormones. The controversies of use of progestogen and others are discussed in this chapter. Progesterone has been shown ...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Considering the persistent controversy concerning the impact of varicocele repair on fertility, we decided to perform an update of the review of the literature with the aim to evaluate whether the most recent research in this field gives us more evidence about the indications to treat or ...

The physiological changes of pregnancy increase the risk of gallstone formation, and choledocholithiaisis is the most common indication for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) during pregnancy. ERCP has been performed during pregnancy for over 20 years. Despite the apparent efficacy and lack of adverse fetal outcomes in published case series and reports, ...

Tularemia during pregnancy is exceedingly rare and has been reported infrequently in Europe. A review of the literature identified only 3 documented cases. Herein we report 4 tularemia cases occurring early in the second and third trimesters, which were successfully managed without any adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Burns occurring in conjunction with pregnancy can be a potentially life threatening scenario as it may lead to a rapid depletion of the already diminished maternal reserves. The management protocol in a pregnant burn female has to be tailored, taking into consideration the additional factor of fetal well being and ...

OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to construct reference ranges for Cisterna Magna (CM) width at 11-13 weeks in healthy fetuses and determine whether open spina bifida and posterior fossa anomalies could be diagnosed in first trimester fetuses. METHODS: This was a retrospective study. CM width reference ranges were constructed based on ...

BACKGROUND: Intrauterine device (IUD) insertion during menses may be viewed as preferable by some providers, as it provides reassurance that the woman is not pregnant. However, this practice may result in unnecessary inconvenience and cost to women. The objective of this systematic review is to evaluate the evidence for the ...

Objective To report a rare case of apoplexy in a microprolactinoma during pregnancy.Methods We present the clinical presentation, laboratory, radiologic findings and management in a patient that presented with pituitary apoplexy during early pregnancy. We review the pertinent literature and management options.Results A 37-year-old woman with a history of a ...

TSENG J-Y., BASTU E. & GUNGOR-UGURLUCAN F. (2012) European Journal of Cancer Care Management of precancerous lesions prior to conception and during pregnancy: a narrative review of the literature Special considerations aiming at preserving reproductive function have to be implemented when treating young patients with precancerous lesions of the lower ...

The article below summarizes a roundtable discussion of a study published in this issue of the Journal in light of its methodology, relevance to practice, and implications for future research. Article discussed: Margulis AV, Mitchell AA, Gilboa SM, et al; National Birth Defects Prevention Study. Use of topiramate in pregnancy ...

In the roundtable that follows, clinicians discuss a study published in this issue of the Journal in light of its methodology, relevance to practice, and implications for future research. Article discussed: Margulis AV, Mitchell AA, Gilboa SM, et al; National Birth Defects Prevention Study. Use of topiramate in pregnancy and ...

Liver transplantation is considered to be the treatment of choice for end-stage liver disease and its success has led to an increase in the number of female liver transplant recipients who are of childbearing age. Several key issues that are noted when counselling patients who are considering pregnancy following liver ...

Cesarean scar pregnancy is one of the rarest forms of ectopic pregnancy, located in the scar from a previous cesarean section. There are few reports of such pregnancies, and there is no consensus about the best management. Herein is reported a case of cesarean heterotopic pregnancy, diagnosed at 6 weeks' gestation ...

Objective: To review current knowledge about emergency contraception (EC), including available options, their modes of action, efficacy, safety, and the effective provision of EC within a practice setting. Options: The combined estradiol-levonorgestrel (Yuzpe regimen) and the levonorgestrel-only regimen, as well as post-coital use of copper intrauterine devices, are reviewed. Outcomes: ...

OBJECTIVE: We sought to determine the bidirectional transfer and distribution of vancomycin and telavancin across the dually perfused term human placental lobule. STUDY DESIGN: The technique of dually perfused placental lobule was used in its recirculating mode to determine the maternal to fetal (M→F) (n = 20) and fetal to ...

In the roundtable that follows, clinicians discuss a study published in this issue of the Journal in light of its methodology, relevance to practice, and implications for future research. Article discussed: Burris HH, Rifas-Shiman SL, Kleinman K, et al. Vitamin D deficiency in pregnancy and gestational diabetes. Am J Obstet ...

The article below summarizes a roundtable discussion of a study published in this issue of the Journal in light of its methodology, relevance to practice, and implications for future research. Article discussed: Burris HH, Rifas-Shiman SL, Kleinman K, et al. Vitamin D deficiency in pregnancy and gestational diabetes. Am J ...

Heterotopic gestation, although fairly common with assisted reproductive techniques, is very rare in natural conception. Here we are reporting a case of heterotopic pregnancy in a 27-year-old woman who presented with sign and symptoms of acute abdomen from aborting tubal pregnancy with intrauterine gestation at 7 weeks of amenorrhea.

Ovarian pregnancy is an uncommon presentation of ectopic gestation and usually, it ends with rupture before the end of the first trimester. Its presentation often is difficult to distinguish from that of tubal ectopic pregnancy and hemorrhagic ovarian cyst. We report a rare primary ruptured ovarian pregnancy in a 26 ...