The changes of sulfated mucopolysaccharides and mucopolysaccharidases during bovine fetal development were analyzed. It is shown that chondroitin sulfate C increases in concentration up to the 50th day of fetal development and then decreases progressively until its complete disappearance in most adult tissues. Likewise, hyaluronidase also reaches a peak on ...

Fetal-like erythropoiesis frequently accompanies marrow stress conditions such as Diamond-Blackfan syndrome and aplastic anemia. In contrast, patients with transient erythroblastopenia of childhood have erythrocytes which lack fetal characteristics at the time of diagnosis. This report describes nine children with transient erythroblastopenia of childhood in whom transient, fetal-like erythropoiesis was observed ...

A radioreceptor assay utilizing human fetal brain plasma membrane as matrix and somatomedin A as ligand (fetal brain RRA-SMA) was developed. Increased levels of fetal brain RRA-SMA were found in the fetal circulation. The concentration was approximately 4-fold higher in the fetal as compared to the adult human. At birth, ...

Measurement of fetal scalp pH can aid in the detection of fetal acidosis. In order to evaluate fetal status further and possibly reduce fetal and neonatal mortality and morbidity, as well as reduce unnecessary cesarean section, continuous assessment of fetal pH is being investigated. Discussion of a six-month experience with ...

This case report of fetal asphyxia and related studies suggest that fetal endorphins play a role in fetal pain tolerance and cardiovascular asphyctic responses. Elevated fetal endorphin levels may, like narcotics, produce abnormally "flat" fetal heart rate patterns intrapartum and fetal tolerance to pain. Although naloxone hydrochloride was used with ...

Using three congenic strains, C57BL/10Sn(H-2b), B10.A/SnSg(H-2a), and B10.D2/nSn(H-2d), we sought to investigate the possible association of H-2 haplotype with the number of implants, fetal survival, and fetal weight, as well as to analyze the possible effects of hybrid vigor and maternal-fetal histoincompatibility in primigravidae mice. The results of this study ...

Two cases of uncomplicated fetal baseline tachycardia in postterm pregnancies that resulted in fetal death are reported. The tachycardia was the only sign of fetal distress in both cases. Although the condition is not usually considered and ominous sign of fetal outcome, the authors recommend immediate cesarian section in postterm ...

Two instances of metopic craniosynostosis provide dramatic experiments of nature which implicate fetal head constraint as one cause of early sutural fusion. The presumed restriction of growth stretch at the metopic suture in one instance was due to a bicornuate uterus in which the fetal head was markedly constrained. The ...

A case is reported of fetal survival after maternal listeremia. Transplacental fetal infection may have been prevented by early delivery. Review of the literature suggests that management be based on cultures of the maternal and fetal compartments. We believe that the considerations for immediate delivery as opposed to medical therapy ...

An instance of fetal intestinal obstruction uncovered during serial sonography in a pregnancy complicated by previous jejunoileal bypass is discussed. The presence of abnormal cystic structures with a gravity-dependent sediment layering effect within the fetal abdomen provided a useful, and possibly specific, sign in the diagnosis of fetal gastrointestinal obstruction.

Comparative studies on three-dimensional models give new possibilities in examination of the internal and external evolution of the thymus, phenomena that occur concomitantly with the histogenesis of the organ during the fetal life period. During the antenatal period, the invasion and burgeoning of capillaries represent a strong potential of biostimulation ...

The monitoring of fetal EEG during labour can assist in identifying the effects on the fetus of anaesthetic and other drugs administered to the mother. Additionally it assists in detecting inadequate cerebral perfusion. One unsuccessful and one successful method are described of removing fetal EKG from the fetal EEG signal, ...

Fifty-one women in labor had continuous monitoring of fetal scalp tissue pH, fetal heart rate by ECG, and uterine contractions. A miniature pH electrode secured by a double spiral fetal ECG electrode was used for measurement of fetal pH every 15 seconds. The results were correlated with fetal scalp blood ...

Microsomal galactosyltransferase activity of fetal rat colon increased fourfold between 18 and 22 days of gestation and then more slowly during neonatal life reaching adult levels after 14 days. The Km for uridinediphosphate- (UDP) galactose, pH optimum, cation, and detergent requirements were identical in fetal and adult galactosyltransferase. Cytidine 5'-diphosphate-choline ...

To investigate whether fetal acidosis increases the placental transfer of lidocaine, resulting in higher fetal blood levels of the drug, lidocaine was infused intravenously into ten pregnant ewes to maintain plasma levels of 2-4 microgram/ml. After maternal-fetal equilibrium was reached, the fetus was made acidotic by infusing lactic acid intravenously. ...

Microfilming of fetal monitoring records has, at our institution, been found to be a practical method for storage of recording papers from fetal monitoring. This system permits a reduction of the records by a factor of 20:1 and up to 7.64 hours of fetal monitroing records will fit into a ...

The properties of human fetal alkaline phosphatase (ALP) have been compared with those of purified human adult hepatic and intestinal ALPs. The ALPs from different human fetal organs were divided into two groups. One terminated universal type was presented in fetal liver, spleen, adrenal, kidney, lung, heart, pancreas, thymus and ...

The genetic fetal effects model shows that the usual sire effect is composed of one-half the direct additive genetic value and one-fourth of the fetal additive genetic value of the sire. The usual sire component of variance is actually the variance of that function. Genetic covariances between records of relatives ...

The psychologic consequences of fetal monitoring were investigated by means of structured interviews with 35 postpartum women. Both beneficial and detrimental effects associated with the use of fetal monitors were identified. Personality characteristics and past experiences with pregnancy and labor were found to be factors shaping the manner in which ...

This review is designed to provide a broad view of fetal cardiovascular response to fetal distress. The presentation focuses on data obtained from laboratories working with fetal sheep, or occasionally fetal monkeys, instead of attempting to interpret data resulting from human fetal studies. Human fetal studies are unsatisfactory for any ...

Fetal abnormalities involving the skeletal system, central nervous system or soft tissue may be diagnosed by radiologic methods, as may fetal death. Occasionally standard X-ray is used, but often invasive techniques are required, and should be limited to those patients with valid indications. X-rays of specific fetal anomalies are presented.

Fetal monitoring during labour may be expected to decrease perinatal losses and the number of infants born with brain damage. In a prospective study of intrapartum fetal monitoring in selected high-risk pregnancies in a Winnipeg hospital the monitoring rate was 26.5% and the cesarean section rate in the monitored group ...

The maternal and fetal acid-base, lactate, and pyruvate characteristics during the course of labor and at delivery were studied in 124 patients delivered of an infant with evidence of metabolic acidosis at delivery. This metabolic acidosis is principally caused by hyperlactatemia resulting from the tissue oxygen debt accompanying fetal asphyxia. ...

In a series of 48,482 pregnancies laparotomy was undertaken 74 times for conditions not associated with pregnancy (1 in 655 pregnancies). It showed no abnormality in 26 cases; ovarian cysts and acute appendicitis were the commonest pathological findings. The preoperative diagnosis was proved correct in 53% of cases, and in ...

Immunological responses were studied in pregnant women and controls using as tests phytohaemagglutinin-induced lymphocyte transformation and the tuberculin reaction. Significantly reduced responses were found to both tests in the pregnant women. These results suggest that a reduction in T-cell activity during pregnancy may help protect the fetus from rejection by ...

The electronic version of the journal Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy, the official journal of the the International Fetal Medicine and Surgery Society and 'Fetus as a Patient', published and provided by S. Karger AG. Tables of contents and abstracts are available free of charge, and full-text (in PDF which requires ...

The extensive literature on nutrition in pregnancy is reviewed with special reference to international experience, including observations on nutritional trials in pregnancy, pregnancy during famines caused by war, and studies of birth-weight in relation to pregnancy interval, parity and multiple pregnancies. Recent research on the significance of fetal nutrition suggests ...

Fetal tachyarrhythmias are uncommon but are associated with significant perinatal mortality and morbidity. Fetal echocardiography permits the accurate determination of the nature of the arrhythmia. Transplacental or direct fetal therapy with anti-arrhythmic drugs can successfully cardiovert the fetus in utero with a subsequent reduction in perinatal problems. The investigation and ...

Responses from motoneurons were recorded with microelectrodes, from the spinal cords of kitten fetuses and newborn kittens between 40 days' gestation and a few days after birth. As in the adult animal, intracellularly recorded action potentials by either ortho- or antidromic shocks have two components, "A" and "B" or IS ...

Interactions of peripheral inputs to the motoneuron of the kitten fetus as young as 3 weeks prenatal were studied by reflex discharge from the ventral root as well as by recording from single motoneurons. Facilitation was found between two synergists in fetuses 1 to 2 weeks before birth. Intracellular recording ...

The fetal lamb was found to reject orthotopic skin homografts applied at any time after the 77th day of gestation. Prior to this, grafts remained in place without stimulating any detectable immunologic response. Once the fetus achieves the ability to reject the graft, the process occurs with the same competence ...

The histories of 17 patients who had a cholecystectomy during pregnancy were reviewed. All patients were operated upon for clinical recurrent biliary colic. Four patients aborted or had premature labour. It appears that there is an increased risk of fetal loss if cholecystectomy is performed during pregnancy. Because of this, ...