The endocrine control of adipose tissue metabolism during pregnancy in sheep has been investigated. The number of insulin receptors of sheep adipocytes was increased during pregnancy. There was no apparent change in the concentration of serum insulin during pregnancy in sheep while the rise in serum progesterone concentration was smaller ...

Plastic tags containing 8.5 per cent w/w cypermethrin or 10 per cent w/w permethrin reduced the severity of damage caused to sheep by the headfly Hydrotaea irritans. A similar pattern of protection extended from the tagged ewes to their untagged lambs. Tags containing 8.5 per cent w/w fenvalerate failed to ...

Eleven female goats (Nos. 1 to 11) were each inoculated orally with 10(4) sporocysts of Sarcocystis capracanis, and four female goats (Nos. 12 to 15) were not inoculated. Between 31 and 69 days after inoculation (DAI) goats were mated with a single buck; one goat (No. 5) did not breed. ...

Worm egg counts of yearling Angora or Merino wethers grazing in mixed flocks at either 4/ha or 8/ha were observed over a 5 month period. Based on faecal egg counts infection levels in the sheep increased for the first 3 months and then decreased as the animals developed resistance. Egg ...

Immature, microscopic Sarcocystis gigantea sarcocysts were detected in experimental sheep from 1.3 to 4 months after dosing with sporocysts from cats. Mature, microscopic sarcocysts were also present at 4 months post-inoculation (p.i.). S. gigantea sarcocysts were 0.35 mm long at 8.5 months p.i. and gradually increased in size to 7.5 ...

Female Dorset sheep were exposed in vivo to ambient ozone levels of 0.12 ppm, 0.25 ppm, 0.50 ppm, 0.70 ppm for 2.75 hours and the effects of this exposure upon erythrocytes were studied. Ozone exposure induced biochemical evidence of oxidant stress as indicated by decreases in GSH levels (at 0.5 ...

Plasma levels of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) in the corpora cavernosa penis and dorsal penile veins greatly exceeded those measured in the limb or caudal veins during anaesthesia in various mammals (Bennett's wallaby, Barbary sheep, cheetah, puma, sooty mangabey, pigtail macaque and chimpanzee). Tactile stimulation of the penis immediately before ...

Although gastrin is found in adult gastric juice, rapid enzymatic destruction by pepsin in the acid environment makes a physiological role in the adult unlikely. Gastric pH in the fetal sheep is neutral so that gastric juice gastrin could be present, and if present, have a physiological function. The aim ...

Segments of fetal and maternal trachea, maternal bronchi from near-term sheep, and trachea and bronchi from nonpregnant adult sheep were excised and mounted as sheets in Ussing chambers. The conductance (G) for each group of tissues was similar (approximately 4 mS/cm-2); the short circuit current (Isc) ranged from 45-90 microA/cm-2. ...

Concentrations of progesterone in arterial and ovarian, uterine and jugular venous plasma were determined in four Barbary sheep at various stages of pregnancy. The results, together with ovarian histology, show that the corpus luteum regresses before term in Barbary sheep, as in most breeds of domestic ewes. Uterine synthesis of ...

The Peyer's patches (PP) of sheep have a number of important anatomical features and functional characteristics which are similar to tissues that have been classified as primary lymphoid organs. The prenatal maturation of PP occurs in the absence of any antigenic stimulus as immunogenic molecules are not normally encountered by ...

The purpose of the study was to determine if a near-maximum exposure to air at increased atmospheric pressure causes gross fetal malformations, decreased birth weight, or death when administered to pregnant sheep during peak development of the embryo. Twenty-eight timed-pregnant sheep were alternately assigned to a series of 25- or ...

The study describes the effects of crude extracts of the fetal membranes of day 25 sheep conceptuses and of certain purified protein hormones and pregnancy-associated antigen on the mitogen-induced response of sheep peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) in vitro. A dose-dependent suppression of the proliferative response of PBL to phytohaemagglutinin, pokeweed ...

Hyperbaric exposure during pregnancy in sheep: staged and rapid decompression. Undersea Biomed Res 1983; 10(1): 11-15. --Twelve sheep with dated pregnancies were exposed for 20 min to hyperbaric pressure comparable to 165 feet of sea water weekly between the 49th and 133rd days of pregnancy. Six were decompressed in stages ...

During human and ovine pregnancy, systemic pressor responses to infused angiotensin II are decreased when compared to the nonpregnant state. An increased circulating level of angiotensin II has been proposed as one of the possible mechanisms responsible for this refractoriness. The present study was designed to determine if increased pressor ...

In 1101 goats and 547 sheep kept under ranch conditions the liveweight development was measured and compared between their 10th and 550th day of life. Consideration was given to factors such as sex, parity, birth type, season of birth, and flock. Post-partum weights of the dams are given and analysed ...

The rosette inhibition test, which has been used to detect early pregnancy factor (EPF) and other immunosuppressive factors in the serum of pregnant mice, women, and sheep, was adapted for use in swine. Since the initial methods described for use of the assay were cumbersome and time consuming, our first ...

The efficiency of 2-cyclopropylamino-4, 6-diamino-s-triazine CGA-72662 (proposed common name: cyromazine) for the control of blowfly strike was tested in fly cage and field trials on sheep. The safety to sheep and physico-chemical properties of the compound as they relate to blowfly control were also assessed. When the sheep were thoroughly ...

The bidirectional placental transfer of sodium [11,12-di-3H]chenodeoxycholate and sodium [14C]deoxycholate was studied in conscious pregnant sheep near term. In fetal-to-maternal studies, radiolabeled bile salt was injected into the fetal portal vein, and the daily excretion of radiolabel in maternal hepatic bile was measured over 3-4 days. In maternal-to-fetal studies, the ...

Merino sheep were artificially infested with lice, Damalinia ovis, and the quantity and processing performance of the wool they subsequently produced was compared with those of wool from uninfested sheep. The experiment was conducted in a winter rainfall region of Western Australia, and was repeated yearly for three years. Louse ...

Seasonal changes in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D were followed in pregnant and non-pregnant sheep kept indoors or at pasture. In housed sheep circulating levels depended on starting value, dietary intake and requirements. thus, in wethers given hay values declined steadily; in non-pregnant ewes on the standard diet values were constant; and ...

Pyrogens were injected into unshorn pregnant and non-pregnant Soay and Clun Forest sheep and the effects on rectal temperature and thermoregulatory mechanisms monitored. Plasma concentrations of unconjugated oestrogens, progesterone and cortisol were measured in the sheep tested in late pregnancy. The effect of pyrogens was also examined in ovariectomized ewes ...

An inoculum of Anaplasma marginale was given (IV) to a splenectomized domestic goat and then was serially passed through 4 additional goats. The results indicated that goats can be latent carriers at 75 days after inoculation, but not at 208 days. There was no evidence of serial passage of A ...

This review analyses the endocrine recognition of pregnancy in the sheep. Particular emphasis is placed on the effect of a blastocyst on prostaglandin and protein metabolism in the endometrium. The preimplantation period is associated with increased prostaglandin content in the endometrium and uterine lumen, increased leucine incorporation into endometrial protein ...

This Memorandum outlines recommended safety tests for application to biological agents under consideration for widespread use for pest control. The basic principles utilized in developing these recommendations were that: (i) the hazards presented by microbial pesticides are inherently different from those associated with chemical pesticides and the tests used to ...

Using the bullfrog retina, depth profiles of Burkhardt's PNR and of the ERG are compared under various recording conditions. When the retina is voltage-annulled so that there is no ERG potential outside the retina, the depth profile of the ERG changes to resemble that of the PNR. When there is ...

Although mollusciciding can be a cost-effective method of controlling schistosomiasis transmission, only one organic molluscicide, niclosamide, is now being produced commercially, and only a few compounds are at present being tested in the laboratory. In future, improved cost-effective use of molluscicides will require more precise knowledge of schistosomiasis transmission patterns ...

To investigate a possible mechanism involved in the regulation of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) synthesis, 2,3-DPG mutase (DPGM) was measured in different mammals presenting large differences in 2,3-DPG concentration between fetal, neonatal and adult life to see the activity of this enzyme, necessary for 2,3-DPG synthesis, was related to the levels of ...

Both slow waves and bursts of spike potentials were recorded prior to birth in dogs and sheep. At 0l7-0.8 of term the slow-wave frequency of the jejunum did not exceed 12/min. It increased in a similar way during the last stage of fetal life in sheep and after birth in ...

The turnover rate and pool volume of radiolabelled autologous IgG1 was similar to homologous IgG1 in adult sheep. In neonatal lambs there was no significant difference for either of these parameters between homologous serum IgG1 and maternal colostrum IgG1. However, the pool volume for IgG1 expanded by approx. 30% over ...

Conscious pregnant sheep in the last 3 wk of gestation were studied 1--3 days after surgery. Fetal plasma sodium concentration was significantly lower than maternal. A mean electrical potential difference (PD) of 34 +/- 4 (SE) mV (n = 24) was recorded between maternal and fetal intravascular catheters, the mother ...

A supply of fetal sheep of known gestational age was ensured after synchronizing estrus in the ewes, by means of an intravaginal pessary impregnated with a progestagen. Estrus occurred approximately 2 days after the pessary was removed. Conception rates at different times of the year and for a period of ...

Studies were conducted to determine the susceptibility of the fetus to decompression sickness. Sheep were used because fetal and maternal circulation of sheep and human placentas are dynamically similar. Seven sheep that were within three weeks of parturition were used. A Doppler ultrasonic transducer was placed around an umbilical artery ...

Sheep infected with adult Fasciola hepatica were drenched with rafoxanide. At 4, 8, 16 and 24 h after drenching the sheep were killed and the flukes removed, washed and rapidly frozen in liquid nitrogen. The content of key metabolites in the fermentation pathway were determined and compared with those in ...

The steady-state permeability of the placenta to radiolabeled 3-O-methyl--D-glucopyranose (3MeG), alpha-methyl-D-glucopyranoside (AMG), and D-xylose was measured in chronically catheterized conscious sheep near term. Fetomaternal flux was calculated by application of Fick's principle to the uterine circulation after injection to the fetus. At a fetal glucose concentration of 10.2 +/- 1.25 ...

A comparison between two tracers, the one colloidal suspension of 198Au, the other 169Yb-labelled microspheres of 8 to 10 micron has been made concerning lymphatic and hematogenous spread from the submucosa in the rectum in dogs. Both tracers have, in principal, the same distribution. It was therefore considered that a ...

Subacute bitterweed (Hymenoxys odorata) poisoning was produced in sheep by force feeding them ground plant material (1 gm/kg/day) for 15 days. Five sheep died and two became moribund and were killed at the end of the experiment. The forestomach and abomasum were severely congested and occasionally eroded on the mucosal ...

Haematological parameters were determined in healthy Nigerian breeds of goats and sheep. Most values in the Nigerian goats were similar to those reported for temperate breeds of goats although the haemoglobin concentrations and the MCHC were lower. The haematocrit, haemoglobin concentrations and red cell counts of the West African Dwarf ...

Three experiments were performed to measure thrombus formation on plastic cannulae inserted by cut-down into veins of sheep. On polyethylene tubing, considerable thrombus was present after one day and the amount increased in the subsequent 13 days. When different sized polyethylene tubings were tested, thrombus tended to form in relation ...

The flight response of both sexes of Dendroctonus brevicomis to the mixture of myrcene, racemic frontalin, and (1R,5S,7R)-(+)-exo-brevicomin and to the mixture of myrcene, (1S,5R)-(-)-frontalin and racemic exo-brevicomin was significantly greater than the response to the same mixtures in which the antipodes were substituted. The flight response to these two ...

Cows with nasal granuloma showed skin sensitivity to a range of environmental allergens while clinically normal control animals showed little sensitivity. The allergens producing the greatest number of positive reactions included the pollens of dock, capeweed, clover, paspalum, sorrel, rye grass, pepper tree and wattle, the spores of penicillium, cladosporium, ...

Outbreaks of Wimmera rye grass toxicity in the south-west of Western Australia, and the associated distribution of Wimmera rye grass parasitised by Anguina sp and Corynebacterium sp were investigated. Between 1970 and 1974, 58 outbreaks occurred on 26 farms in sheep and cattle grazing pasture, cereal crop, stubble, screenings, or ...

A method for the preparation of lymphocytes from sheep blood is described. Lymphocytes from adult and fetal sheep have been examined by immunofluorescence for surface immunoglobulin (sIg) determinants. Young adults (1.5 years) had a mean of 23.2% sIg cells, older adults (8.75 years) a mean of 9.7% sIg cells. Pregnancy ...

Swallowing was measured in fetal sheep by using electromagnetic flowmeter heads chronically implanted in the fetal esophagus. The fetus swallows 20 to 200 milliliters of amniotic fluid in two to seven discrete episodes per day. The episodes are 1 to 9 minutes in duration and occur at seemingly random intervals. ...

1. Male and female Scottish Blackface sheep were shorn and exposed for 2 weeks either to a thermoneutral temperature (+30 degrees C), to chronic cold (+8 degrees C) or to +30 degrees C interrupted by daily short cold shocks (-10 degrees C). During and at the end of these conditioning ...

Zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis is still a public health problem in Central Asia. To control the outbreaks, different control measures are required in different regions and comprehensive information is required about natural foci.The term landsaft, used by Soviet geographers to denote particular geographical regions, is defined and this concept is used ...

A survey of abnormalities of the reproductive tract of female sheep was undertaken at two abattoirs in the south west of England over a period of 12 months. During the survey, 9970 reproductive tracts from cull ewes and 23,536 tracts from nulliparous sheep (prime lambs and hoggets) were examined. A ...

Following reciprocal embryo transfer between sheep and goats, the embryo of the foreign species is able to induce early pregnancy but the embryos do not survive beyond the first weeks of gestation. Similar results have been obtained from hybridization experiments on sheep and goats. While the causes for early embryonic ...

Pregnancy in the sheep, as in other mammals, has a genetically-determined species-specific duration. It ends with the onset of parturition and the birth of a lamb. The specificity of pregnancy duration must lie in the mechanism by which parturition is initiated – for the length of pregnancy is fixed by ...

At present, larvicidal attack is the only feasible measure for the control of Culex pipiens fatigans. However, in the cities of the tropics, which are the principal sites of the filariasis problem, this has usually been a losing battle. The proper method of larval control is to eliminate the breeding ...