During pregnancy and after delivery, the maternal thyroid gland faces several metabolic, hemodynamic and immunologic changes. In this article we first summarize the current knowledge on the physiologic adaptation of the healthy thyroid to pregnancy, including variations of thyroid-stimulating hormone and free thyroid hormones, as well as variations of thyroid ...

To present 13 cases of unruptured tubal ectopic pregnancies successfully treated with ultrasound-guided aspiration and local and systemic methotrexate (MTX) administration. Case series. University hospital. Thirteen women with an unruptured tubal ectopic pregnancy. Transvaginal ultrasound-guided aspiration of the tubal ectopic pregnancy followed by MTX administration into the gestational sac (half ...

Background. The management of brain lesions diagnosed during pregnancy is challenging to both obstetricians and neurosurgeons. In this study, a series of nine pregnant women were admitted to neurosurgery presenting with different acute brain lesions. Objective. To establish guidelines for the management of acute brain lesions that present during pregnancy. Patients ...

It is characterized by chemical and sometimes clinical hyperthyroidism, without evidence of thyroid autoimmunity that resolves spontaneously by 16 weeks gestation without significant obstetrical complications.

Maternal undernutrition and infection during pregnancy may impair development of oligodendrocytes, thereby increasing risks of neuropsychiatric disorders of their children. We analyzed the effects of those risk factors on oligodendrogenesis in fetal and neonatal brains. Female mice were given low-protein or regular food for 2 weeks before their pregnancy. On ...

Rosacea fulminans (RF) is a rare facial dermatosis characterized by the sudden onset of severe facial inflammation consisting of numerous pustules, cystic swellings and coalescing sinuses. The standard treatment is the retinoid drug isotretinoin in combination with systemic corticosteroids or with high-dose oral tetracycline antibiotics. We report three recent cases ...

To provide guidance for clinicians about the diagnosis, staging and treatment of breast cancer occurring during an otherwise uncomplicated pregnancy. An international expert Panel convened to address a series of questions identified by a literature review and personal experience. Issues relating to the diagnosis and management of breast cancer after ...

Breast cancer during pregnancy is relatively uncommon. However, the incidence is expected to increase as more women delay childbearing. A challenging situation emerges for all persons involved ‑ patient, family and medical care workers ‑ since two lives are at risk with contradicting priorities. Breast cancer treatment is possible during ...

Increased hormone levels that are present during puberty and pregnancy are associated with localized or generalized gingival enlargement. This article reviews the gingival alterations that can occur during pregnancy and describes a case of generalized severe gingival enlargement associated with pregnancy and its management. A 36-year-old woman had severe bilateral ...

Pancreatic neoplasms during pregnancy are rare. We describe two cases of mucinous cystic neoplasm (MCN) associated with pregnancy. A 34-year-old woman in the 26th week of pregnancy was given a diagnosis of MCN measuring 19 cm in diameter. We decided to resect it post partum in consideration of the risk ...

To verify self-reported information on prenatal drug use in urine because reporting in pregnancy is sensitive to stigma and might lead to misclassification. Using semiquantitative immunochemical analysis, the presence of the urinary metabolite (11-nor-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol- 9-carboxylic acid) was compared to self-reported prenatal cannabis use. Sensitivity and specificity for self-report and urinalysis ...

Formaldehyde is an extensively used chemical; its ill effects have been of concern. Its nephrotoxic effects in laboratory animals and carcinogenic effects on humans are well established. We report of a pregnant woman with a normal ongoing pregnancy with a morphologically normal fetus. She was exposed to high doses of ...

The decrease of BMD during a physiological pregnancy can in rare cases be intensified and lead to dramatic microarchitectural changes, which causes an increase incidence of fractures, preferably at the spine. This dramatic clinical picture is called pregnancy-associated osteoporosis. We present the case of a 40-year-old woman (gravida IV, para ...

Objective. We report the case of a 46-year-old woman presenting with acute chest pain in the 20th week of a twin pregnancy after oocyte donation. Case report. The Patient's medical history comprised several cardiovascular risk factors, such as hypertension, obesity, hypercholesterolemia, smoking, and a positive family history. After diagnosis of ...

Treating menorrhagia in women of reproductive age by endometrial ablation (EA) decreases menstrual flow and increases quality of life. However, unexpected pregnancy and associated complications are challenges following EA. From January 2000 to March 2008, a total of 356 women aged 26-45 years with persistent menorrhagia underwent total hysteroresectoscopic EA ...

Pregnancy-related breast cancer (PBC) is one of the most common malignancies during pregnancy (approx. one in 3,000 pregnancies); up to 3% of breast cancers are diagnosed in pregnancy. As maternal age at the time of pregnancy continues to increase as the incidence of breast cancer, the incidence of PBC is ...

The incidence of malignant neoplasms in pregnant women is rising dramatically. The management of such cases poses unusual medical and ethical challenges, particularly in hematological malignancies, when potentially teratogenic chemotherapy is indicated. We report a case of stage IIA nodular sclerosis Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL), diagnosed in a 24-year-old woman at ...

We report a case of a 30-year-old lady who became pregnant 3 months after undergoing a DIEP breast reconstruction. There are reports of pregnancy following TRAM, DIEP flap breast reconstruction and abdominoplasty performed after breast reconstruction, however this is the only case in the literature of a pregnancy within 3 ...

BACKGROUND: Carcinoma of the cervix is the most common malignancy associated with pregnancy. In the first and second trimesters patients should receive the same treatment as is used in nonpregnant women and termination is advised. In selected cases neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) could be proposed but only a few cases have ...

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in women of reproductive age. The most common tumors diagnosed during pregnancy are breast and cervix cancer, Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma, leukemias, and malignant melanoma. The aim of therapy in pregnancy is to give optimal treatment to the mother without harm ...

Background: Rupture of a splenic artery aneurysm during pregnancy is a rare and serious event, occurring mainly during the third trimester. The risk of rupture for an existing splenic artery aneurysm is very high during pregnancy (from 20% to 50%). When it does rupture, the maternal mortality rate is around ...

To provide a safe particle therapy treatment for a pregnant woman with skull-base cancer. Case report. University clinic. A 27-year-old woman diagnosed for a skull-base chordoma and whose pregnancy was found during the course of radiotherapy with accelerated carbon ions. Therapy was continued as scheduled, and fetal dose produced by ...

Background: Chordoid meningioma is a very rare subtype of meningioma with less than 90 cases reported in the literature. Meningiomas related with a pregnancy are also very rare. Herein, we present a pregnancy-associated case of a chordoid meningioma and briefly discuss possible mechanisms. Case History: Approximately 10 hours after a ...

One in 1000 cancers occur during pregnancy. Epithelial tumors of the appendix occur in approximately 1% of all colorectal tumors, and the occurrence of this neoplasm during pregnancy is extremely rare. We report an unusual case of pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) in a 41-year-old full-term pregnant woman. Cesarean section was carried ...

Osteogenesis Imperfecta is a rare condition, especially in obstetric patients. It has an estimated prevalence of 1/10,000 in the general population, and 1/25,000 to 30,000 in obstetric patients. The objective of this report was to present a rare case of a pregnant woman with Osteogenesis Imperfecta undergoing cesarean section. This ...

PURPOSE: To report a patient who developed bilateral corneal ectasia, during pregnancy, one and a half years after laser in situ keratomileusis for correction of myopia. METHOD: Case report with relevant literature review. RESULTS: A 20-year-old woman, with a stable myopic astigmatism underwent laser in situ keratomileusis for the correction ...

A 22-year-old female in her third trimester of pregnancy was referred to our department for sudden loss of vision with a painful blind eye. It was diagnosed as retinoblastoma clinically and radiologically. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry confirmed the diagnosis. This case is one of its kind because retinoblastoma occurring during pregnancy ...

Intracranial malignant tumors during pregnancy are rare. Primary meningeal sarcoma with leiomyoblastic differentiation during pregnancy has not been reported. We present the case of a 25-year-old woman in the third trimester of pregnancy with a large intracranial tumor destructing the parietal calvaria and invasion of soft tissues. Histological examination revealed ...

Murine typhus is widely reported in tropical and subtropical areas, especially coastal and port cities. We describe an interesting case of murine typhus in a 26-year-old woman at 26 weeks of gestation treated with ampicillin with a good response. The serology testing for murine typhus was reported after ampicillin was ...

Pheochromocytoma is a rare neuroendocrine tumor diagnosed in 1:50,000 pregnancies. Normal physiologic changes associated with pregnancy often make early recognition difficult and diagnosis delayed. Treatment consists of medical followed by surgical intervention. This case of a 34-year African-American female diagnosed with an adrenal pheochromocytoma during her second trimester of pregnancy ...

Mixoploidy is rare chromosomal disorder characterized by multiple cell lines, usually including triploidy, within tissues. Pregnancy outcome has generally been considered poor with congenital anomalies and developmental delay reported in postnatally diagnosed cases. We report on two cases of abnormal midtrimester ultrasound showing placental abnormalities. Karyotype assessment showed mixoploidy, and ...

The short- and long-term effects of pregnancy on breast cancer risk are well documented. Insight into potential biological mechanisms for these associations may be gained by studying breast cancer risk and pregnancy characteristics (e.g., preeclampsia, twining), which may reflect hormone levels during pregnancy. To date, no review has synthesized the ...

Urological cancers during pregnancy pose many challenges for clinicians. As these tumors are very rare among pregnant women and their symptoms might mimic those of common pregnancy-related disorders, the diagnosis is often delayed. Once a urological tumor is diagnosed in a pregnant patient, appropriate steps should be taken to treat ...

BACKGROUND: Acromegaly is an uncommon endocrine disorder. Pregnancy is an unusual event in acromegalic females because fertility is often reduced. With the advent of advanced surgical and medical management, more acromegalic women will achieve pregnancy. Reports of pregnancy in acromegaly and recurrent acromegaly postpartum are rare. OBJECTIVE: To present a ...

Pregnancy with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is rare and generally considered dangerous. Riluzole is the only drug approved for use in ALS, but the effect on maternal and fetal health is unknown. We describe the case of an ALS patient taking riluzole throughout pregnancy. A 34-year old Japanese woman, who ...

Maternal floor infarction (MFI) is an unusual, idiopathic placental disorder characterized by deposition of amorphous fibrinoid material along the maternal aspect of the intervillous space. This condition is associated with poor perinatal outcome-in particular, spontaneous abortion-fetal growth restriction, and stillbirth, with a high recurrence rate in subsequent pregnancies. It is ...

Echinococcosis or hydatid disease which is caused by Echinococcus group of cestodes is very rare in pregnancy. While liver and lungs are commonly involved, other sites can be rarely affected. The management of hydatid disease in pregnancy is challenging in view of varied presentation and manifestation. We report a case ...

This case report describes a woman with spontaneous rectal perforation from decidualized endometriosis in pregnancy. A 37-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital at 30 wk of pregnancy with symptoms suggestive of pyelonephritis, which persisted until 33 wk of gestation when delivery of a premature male baby was performed through ...

Factor VII deficiency is one of the 'rare inherited disorders of coagulation.' Few cases of Factor VII deficiency have been reported during pregnancy, a state which could potentially cause fatal haemorrhage. Here we report a case of a pregnant lady with a history of heavy menorrhagia and multiple first pregnancy ...

The aim of the present review was to assess the relationship between pregnancy and/or lactation and breast cancer, the influence of pregnancy on mortality and prognosis of the disease, the consequences of breast cancer to the current pregnancy and also to discuss the future perspective for women's fertility. Articles were ...

Maternal diet and nutrition have been thought to play a role in many childhood conditions. Studies using food frequency questionnaires (FFQ) have reported associations with maternal diet, but these findings are difficult to interpret because the reliability and validity of the FFQs for diet during a past pregnancy are not ...

Heterotopic pregnancy is the simultaneus development of an intrauterine pregnancy and ectopic pregnancy. It is a potentially fatal condition and rarely occurrs in natural conception cycles. A high incidence of heterotopic pregnancy is reported in pregnancies following an assisted reproduction technique (ART) with embryo transfer in utero. We report the ...

In this article, the author examines conflicts over whether to maintain a brain dead pregnant woman on life-sustaining treatment. The author cautions that on the rare occasions when courts are confronted with such a conflict, they should employ a consistent methodology for resolution of the conflict and attempt to honor ...

Villoglandular papillary adenocarcinoma (VPA) is a very rare subtype of adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix, but a well-recognized variant of cervical adenocarcinoma with a favorable prognosis and generally occurring in women of child-bearing age. Only five cases of VPA and pregnancy have been reported. Herein, we report a case of ...

To study the clinical profile, management and outcome of pregnancy complicated by adnexal torsion. All pregnancy cases complicated by adnexal torsion admitted between January 2001 and January 2009 were analyzed. The total number of pregnant cases was 20. Age range of pregnant women with adnexal torsion was 18 to 42 ...

PURPOSE: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy occurring during pregnancy. Because more women delay childbearing, the diagnosis of cancer during pregnancy will likely increase. Case reports exist in the literature regarding the treatment of pregnant women with breast cancer, but few are prospective and few provide long-term follow-up on ...

Haemoptysis in pregnancy is frequently assumed to be caused by a pulmonary embolism. However, it can also be an indicator of serious pathology. We report the case of a 27-year-old Caucasian woman who presented with haemoptysis in pregnancy that was discovered to be caused by a well-differentiated fetal adenocarcinoma of ...

To the best of our knowledge, soft tissue sarcomas have not prevously been reported as a complication during pregnancy. A 28-year-old Caucasian woman was diagnosed with a transperitoneal sarcoma during pregnancy. Morphological, immunohistochemical, chromosomal and mutational analyses pointed towards a high-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma. Although surgery and chemotherapy are possible ...

Evans' syndrome, the coexistence of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) with autoimmune haemolytic anaemia (AIHA), is rare in pregnancy, with a few published cases. Concerns about the teratogenic effect of pharmacological agents used in the management of Evans' syndrome limit the treatment options in pregnancy. In this paper we performed a systematic ...

OBJECTIVE: To review reported bites by venomous snakes in pregnant women. METHODS: This is a review of Medline/PubMed articles on venomous snakebites occurring during pregnancy reported in the English literature from 1966 to May 2009. RESULTS: Two hundred thirteen venomous snakebites were reported in pregnant women. The overall case-fatality rate ...