The relationship between maternal erythrocyte filterability determined in late pregnancy and infant birth weight was studied in uncomplicated pregnancy. There was a significant positive correlation (r = 0.7671, p less than 0.005). Maternal erythrocyte filterability is suggested to be an indicator of flow state of the placental microcirculation, which affects ...

The diagnosis of significant fetal-maternal hemorrhage due to abdominal trauma was made upon detection of fetal red cells in the maternal circulation before delivery, and prompted immediate intervention despite an equivocal fetal monitor tracing. Histologic examination of the placenta identified the area of disruption of the fetal circulation, and the ...

The kinetics of maternal-fetal interferon and a chemical interferon inducer were studied in Swiss-Webster white mice at 8, 15, and 19 days of gestation. Crude interferon was administered by maternal tail vein injection to one group. There was no transfer of interferon to the fetus despite high maternal levels. A ...

The effects of ibuprofen on maternal phenytoin pharmacokinetics and fetal phenytoin acquisition were investigated in 19-day gestation Sprague-Dawley rats. A 5 mg kg-1 bolus injection of 14C-phenytoin was given with and without (control) pretreatment with 12.5 mg kg-1 of ibuprofen. Maternal plasma and fetal whole body samples were obtained at ...

The response of the ovine fetus to maternal furosemide administration was studied in six chronically catheterized fetal lamb preparations. These studies indicate that in the chronic sheep model maternally administered diuretics do not augment fetal urine production. Additionally, passage of the drug from the maternal intravascular compartment to the fetal ...

Maternal immunosuppression with azathioprine during pregnancy can depress fetal haemopoiesis resulting in neonatal thrombocytopenia and leucopenia with the potential for serious sequelae. The effect on the infant of adjusting azathioprine dosage on the basis of maternal total leucocyte count has been studied in 10 pregnancies in eight renal allograft recipients. ...

The placenta of the tupaia is bidiscoidal, labyrinthine and endotheliochorial in structure. The two placental discs show a characteristic partition into three broadly fusing main lobules on the mesometrial, and some very small accessory lobules on the antimesometrial side. The accessory lobules are separated incompletely from each other. Their inner ...

The foetal consequences of transplacental transmission of maternal cells and allogeneic cells injected into the maternal circulation were studied. Female outbred rats, mated with outbred males, were injected with hyaluronidase (group H) or hyaluronidase and Lewis splenocytes (group SH) in the last period of pregnancy. In the group H 73% ...

A case of fetal demise and maternal recovery after acetaminophen overdose is presented, to our knowledge the first reported. Fetal liver and maternal serum concentrations indicate overdose to be the cause of fetal death. Maternal disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) may have been related to maternal acetaminophen-induced liver disease alone or ...

Tracer glucose was infused simultaneously into mother ( [6-3H]glucose) and fetus ( [U-14C]glucose) in pregnant sheep in the last month of gestation to study the exchange of glucose molecules between maternal and fetal blood. Net rates of entry and exit of tracer glucose via the uterine and umbilical circulations were ...

The effects of salicylate on maternal and fetal phenytoin pharmacokinetics were investigated in 19-day pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats after a 5 mg/kg bolus injection of 14C-phenytoin was given with and without (control) prior salicylate (75 mg/kg) treatment. Maternal plasma and fetal whole body samples were obtained at various times after the ...

Immunoglobulin E (IgE) concentrations were measured in 157 paired samples of maternal-fetal sera. A correlation was found between maternal and fetal IgE levels, in contrast to earlier reports dealing with smaller series. The correlation is probably not due to placental transfer of maternal IgE but rather to genetic factors. The ...

Inorganic sulfate is a cosubstrate for numerous sulfoconjugation reactions, including sulfation of estrogen steroids in the fetoplacental unit. It is known that the availability of inorganic sulfate can be the rate-limiting factor in these reactions, but fluxes of inorganic sulfate across the maternal-placental barrier have not been well characterized. Therefore, ...

The toxic interaction of caffeine and phenytoin during pregnancy was investigated in mice of the ICR strain on E10 of gestation. Caffeine, over a range of dosages, showed limited embryotoxic activity. Phenytoin was also weakly teratogenic and dosages needed to elicit embryotoxicity were accompanied by a significant increase in maternal ...

The mechanism of fixation of the fetus to the maternal nipple of opossum (Didelphis azarae) was studied in fetus of different ages through histological sections of the oral cavity keeping the nipple inside it. No organic connection was found between the maternal nipple and the tissues of the fetus. The ...

The author puts forward the hypothesis that the wishes concerning genitality are present from the beginning, and especially the wish to make or to have a child. From this follows that pregenital sexual satisfactions would be mainly substitutes for genital satisfactions, which are not available because of the human fundamental ...

A study has been performed on the incidence and duration of breast feeding in a group of 103 primiparous women who delivered in the Obstetrics Department of Sassari in 1980. The most important maternal variables that could be related with breast feeding were maternal age, level of school education, maternal ...

Lithium treatment can affect the transport of choline and lithium ions across cell membranes, but little is known about these effects during pregnancy. In a patient treated with lithium carbonate during the final month of pregnancy, maternal erythrocyte (RBC) lithium transport and the choline content of maternal and fetal blood ...

The maternal serum concentration of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in a pregnancy uncomplicated by preeclampsia is identical to the ADH concentration in the nonpregnant female and normal male. However, elevated maternal ADH secondary to fetal hypothalamic ADH production and a genetic defect in maternal vasopressinase may be a cause of preeclampsia.

More than 50% of mothers in the United States work. An important issue facing working women is maternity leave and the Pregnancy Discrimination Act (PDA). The nurse should recognize the childbearing-related problems the working woman may encounter and initiate appropriate referrals. Understanding both maternity leaves and the Pregnancy Discrimination Act ...

Leucocyte metabolism was studied in maternal and cord blood in normal term pregnancies with and without intrauterine malnutrition (IUM). It was observed that hexose monophosphate shunt activity was significantly reduced in the leucocytes of both the mothers and infants with IUM. Glycogen content in the cord leucocytes was also reduced, ...

Serial maternal serum hemoglobin F (HbF) levels were measured by radioimmunoassay in 23 normal pregnancies. The maternal HbF fraction remains within the normal range during the first trimester (mean + 2 S.D. = 0.15 + 0.13). After 15 weeks gestation, maternal HbF levels rise in some, but not all, pregnancies. ...

The placental transfer of a single intravenous injection of 14C-hexoprenaline was studied in eight pregnant New Zealand white rabbits. Maternal and fetal blood was sampled intermittently for 60 minutes after the injection. An initial rapid decrease in the levels of 14C-hexoprenaline in maternal blood was followed by a second slower ...

The effects of maternal infusion of Diazoxide (D) were evaluated in two groups of experiments: Nine ewes and their five nonhypoxic fetuses; the remaining four fetuses were excluded because of the development of hypoxia prior to the study. D was directly administered intravenously (IV) to the six fetuses. In group ...

Adolescent pregnancies represent 20 percent of deliveries in this country. It is commonly mentioned that adolescent pregnancies are often associated with increased obstetrical and pediatric risks. Two groups of "high risk" parturients (adolescents, N=130; older, N=150) are compared. Demographic characteristics, complications of pregnancy, labor, delivery, and postpartum are evaluated.The outcome ...

The roles of general practitioner and specialist maternity units are increasingly being debated with reference to resources and the need for savings in the NHS. Unfortunately, many of the economic issues involved are frequently misunderstood. On the basis of a study of maternity care in one Health Board area in ...

Chediak et al. have reported that the titer of procoagulant antihemophilic factor (AHF:C; factor VIII:C) was significantly lower in obligate carriers of classic hemophilia who were daughters of affected men (paternal carriers) than in those whose fathers were normal by history (maternal carriers). In contrast, among 113 obligate carriers of ...

The influence of maternal effects and sex-linked loci upon the statistics derived from an analysis of the families of monozygotic twins (the so called MZ half-sib design of Nance and Corey, 1976) is examined. If, as in the published analyses, the progeny sexes are considered jointly, maternal effects and sex-linkage ...

The process of domestication involves intense inbreeding. Field and laboratory studies were conducted to assess the effects of such intense genetic selection on the production and perception of the maternal alarm calls of domestic (Peking) and wild mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos). With respect to production, the calls of wild and ...

Two completed studies and a study in progress have addressed the question whether maternal posturing can produce the rotation of a fetus from a posterior or transverse position to the optimal anterior position. There are clinical problems associated with a malposition and also with the therapeutic procedures used to correct ...

As a result of the acquisition of upright posture, adaptation to muscular exercise seems to be unique in man. It involves a redistribution of the cardiac output mediated by the sympathetic system towards priority organs which apparently do not include the pregnant uterus. This could explain the poor tolerance of ...

Maternal and fetal hemodynamic effects and placental transfer of midazolam (RO 21-3981, Hoffman-LaRoche) and diazepam were studied in chronically instrumented pregnant ewes. Diazepam administration resulted in greater increases of maternal and fetal heart rates and maternal blood pressure, and greater alteration of total uterine blood flow than did administration of ...

Biochemical studies carried out in seven members of a family with five phenylketonuric subjects are described. The concentration of phenylalanine and the phenylalanine/tyrosine ratios in the blood, together with the values obtained from the L-phenylalanine loading tests, were the criteria used to establish the diagnosis. The results suggest that the ...

There is a general uniformity in the hormones that regulate pregnancy among a large variety of mammals. There is also a division of maternal behavior into two main patterns: that shown by mammals that build nests for the altricial young and those that only briefly establish a birth site for ...

As shown in 870 white participants in the National Collaborative Perinatal Project (NCPP), maternal health status during pregnancy and birth size are systematically related to mesiodistal and buccolingual crown dimensions of I1, I2, dc, dm1, dm2 and M1. Maternal diabetes, maternal hypothyroidism and large size at birth are associated with ...

A program was designed to determine the effects of monitoring all patients admitted to labor and delivery at the District of Columbia General Hospital during 1976. This paper reports the findings and discusses the value of electronic surveillance on fetal and perinatal survival.

Maternal and fetal blood samples were obtained for up to 20 min after the injection of an emulsion of 14C-labelled glycerol tripalmitate into the circulation of pregnant ewes. No evidence was obtained for the direct transfer of intact triglycerides across the placenta. Results obtained suggest that there was a very ...

One hundred three pregnant women hospitalized following blunt trauma had injuries classified as: major (20%); minor (17%); or significant (63%). Maternal mortality related only to the severity of maternal injuries: 24% of women who sustained major injuries died. Pregnancy ended unsuccessfully in 18% of all women with known pregnancy outcome. ...

The criticisms leveled by Gewirtz and Boyd focus on 1 of 6 analyses upon which Bell and Ainsworth based their interpretation of findings--namely, cross-quarter correlations of measures of infant crying and maternal response. It is maintained that these measures were approximate, and that they were independent of each other in ...

There is evidence that the quantitation of fetal-maternal hemorrhage may be useful in reducing some of the RhoGAM failures in preventing Rh sensitization. The Betke-Kleihauer technique is a well-established method that has been used to estimate the amount of transplacental hemorrhage. Recently, a kit (Fetaldex) has become available for use ...

The effect of bilateral fetal or maternal nephrectomy on basal and diuretic-stimulated plasma renin activity (Pra) was examined in 9 chronically catheterized Dorset sheep. After fetal nephrectomy, there was an initial rapid decrease in fetal PRA with t1/2 of 42-84 min, followed by a slower decrement with 1/2 350-720 min. ...

A study of information available for monitoring care was made during 1974 in 46 general-practitioner maternity units in the South-west of England. The information available did not form an adequate basis for monitoring at area level. Although many deliveries take place in general-practitioner maternity units in the South-west, perinatal mortality ...

In simultaneous choice tests with normal and filtered maternal calls, devocal-isolated ducklings were much more likely than vocal-communal ducklings to select the mallard maternal call in which the higher frequencies were severely attenuated, thus indicating their relative insensitivity to the higher frequency components of the maternal call. On the other ...

In a two-partner practice with 5,000 patients where oestrogens had never been prescribed during pregnancy, it was found on examining the records, that at least eight girls had been exposed to oestrogens in utero, two of them to stilboestrol. Three of them have since been examined with negative results. In ...

Chronic intravascular catheterization in maternal, fetal, and neonatal sheep was utilized to assess basal plasma renin activity (PRA) and changes in PRA in response to furosemide. Maternal PRA increased from base-line levels during the last trimester of pregnancy and remained elevated for 12 wk postpartum. Fetal basal levels of PRA ...

These experiments were conducted to help elucidate the mechanism for the impaired fetal development occurring during maternal hypothyroidism. The disposition of glucose was measured using glucose-1-14C. Maternal hypothyroidism depressed glucose utilization in thematernal-fetal system. Maternal net glycogen synthesis from the labeled glucose was impaired. However, while the fetal glycogen storage ...

In a study of 960 pregnancies a significantly higher male to female birth ratio was found among primigravidae who developed HL-A antibodies, which was highest where these were monospecific. In the whole group male births predominated in women with antibodies to HL-A 1 and 11 (first locus) and HL-A 5, ...

Olfactory bulb removal eliminated maternal behavior in lactating and in virgin mice. The results are in contrast to the generally accepted concept of multisensory control of mammalian maternal behavior.

The effect of posture on maternal capillary blood Po(2) and Pco(2) was studied in pregnant and non-pregnant women. There was a significant decrease of Po(2) (mean 13.0 mm. Hg) and significant decrease of Pco(2) (mean 2.4 mm. Hg) when pregnant women sat up, but these changes did not occur in ...

Material from a three-year Maternal Mortality Study in the Province of Nova Scotia is presented. Thirty-eight maternal deaths were studied; the chief cause was hemorrhage-either antepartum or postpartum-in 52% of all cases. Seventy-six per cent of the cases were due to practically preventable factors. Inadequate prenatal care in which the ...