Two hundred and forty seven pregnant women at term and their offsprings were studied. Maternal skinfold thickness was measured from ten different sites and newborn skinfold thickness was measured from four different sites in each set of cases. Maternal skinfold thickness was positively correlated with the birthweight and skinfold thickness ...

This study surveyed 15 Boston area hospitals in order to assess the existence and nature of maternity leave policies at these institutions. In addition, it examined attitudes of administrators, program directors, and residents regarding pregnancy in women residents. Sixty-six percent of the hospitals surveyed had written policies specific to maternity ...

Analyses of the height variation in a large contemporary British sample found evidence for maternal inheritance of female height, because the mother-daughter correlation coefficient was significantly higher than the father-daughter value. Further evidence for a maternal effect came from the comparison of the daughter's stature with the difference in parental ...

A 16-day treatment of nonpregnant, ovariectomized rats using 5-mm Silastic implants of estradiol (E), daily injections of 4 mg of progesterone (P), and terminal injections of 5 micrograms/kg of estradiol benzoate (EB) to provide a pregnancy-like pattern of hormone exposure, stimulates (a) home-cage aggression toward unfamiliar intruder rats, (b) short-latency ...

The distribution of mercury after inhalation of metallic mercury vapour (6-8 mumols 203Hg0/kg b.wt.) was studied in pregnant mice (day 17 of gestation) after pretreatment with selenite (10 mumols Se/kg b.wt. intraperitoneally 1 hr before inhalation), thiram, disulfiram or diethyldithiocarbamate (1 mmol/kg orally 2 hr before inhalation of Hg0). For ...

In 1987 to obtain information regarding pregnancy and maternity leave policies in academic and private radiology departments, the American Association of Women Radiologists (AAWR) surveyed academic and private diagnostic radiology departments and academic radiation oncology departments in the United States and Canada. One hundred thirty-one diagnostic radiology departments and 30 ...

This is the third case reported of maternal acetaminophen overdose during pregnancy. Such overdose may be associated with maternal liver toxicity. Fetal hepatotoxicity may be seen in association with maternal hepatotoxicity. As a result, the infant's blood coagulation times may be prolonged, and intracranial hemorrhage at delivery is a concern. ...

Hemodynamic overload, cardiac ischemia, and arrhythmia are postulated to originate from "sex-cocaine" syndrome resulting in maternal and fetal death. High concentrations of cocaine and metabolites in maternal blood, urine, and nasal secretions confirmed recent ingestion. Changes in the maternal life-style may have contributed to the poor pregnancy outcome.

Conventional surgical wisdom is that fetal death is a predictable consequence of severe maternal injury. In order to define the natural history of maternal-fetal trauma and better formulate management strategies, we reviewed our recent experience with 32 cases of maternal trauma at a major trauma center. There were three cases ...

To study the effect of cadmium exposure on maternal and fetal zinc metabolism, rats were exposed to 0, 5, 50, or 100 ppm Cd in the drinking water on Days 6 through 20 of pregnancy. In comparison to controls, fetal and maternal weights were slightly reduced in the 50- and ...

We report the association of telencephalic dysgeneses (expected to occur around week 6 of gestation) with presumptive maternal carbon monoxide intoxication. This case supports the hypothesis that carbon monoxide intoxication at critical periods of human brain development may lead not only to decreased brain size and hypoxic-ischemic lesions, but also ...

A survey is given of literature reports on the effect of performance in offspring from 26 maternal PKU pregnancies treated prior to conception. The survey includes two women who were referred to us for genetic counselling because they had both given birth to microcephalic, mentally retarded children. The women were ...

Maternal reproductive histories of fetal wastage in 36 cases of ataxic cerebral palsy and in a control group of 60 mothers were compared. There was no significant difference between the groups. A history of fetal loss did not accompany this cerebral palsy syndrome where prenatal factors play an important role.

A critical review of the current literature on aerobic exercise during pregnancy shows a lack of conclusive evidence supporting either the safety or danger of exercise to the fetal-maternal unit. There is no clinically significant effect on fetal outcome. The recommendations of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists are ...

The Maternal-Fetal Attachment Scale (MFAS) was administered monthly to gravidas (N = 69) from the onset of prenatal care until delivery. Individual total and subscale scores across gestation were relatively stable, with the weakest correlations occurring between 16-week gestation scores and subsequent measures. Total MFAS and subscales scores, except Giving ...

We examined the effects of maternal sodium beta-hydroxybutyrate (NaBOHB) on the primate fetus to investigate the impact of ketosis not associated with acidosis on fetal metabolism. After a loading dose (600 mg/kg), NaBOHB was infused for 70 min (300 mg/kg.hr) into the maternal femoral vein of eight pregnant baboons, and ...

In a study of maternal-fetal attachment we explored three variables that could influence such attachment: maternal age, the experience of quickening, and the physical symptoms of pregnancy. A convenience sample of 80 pregnant women filled out the Cranley maternal-fetal attachment scale and the pregnancy symptoms checklist. Maternal age and physical ...

Previous work in this laboratory showed that during intoxication of rats with diisopropyl fluorophosphate at day 20 of pregnancy the recovery of ChE activity was faster in fetal than in maternal brain. In the present study the differences between recovery rats in dam and fetus brain were evaluated in terms ...

Studies with pregnant sheep are reviewed, which were designed to investigate whether short-term episodes of maternal hyperglycemia or hyperketonemia were detrimental to the fetus, whether ketones can cross the ovine placenta, and whether the combination of maternal hyperglycemia and hyperketonemia would contribute to an increased risk of fetal morbidity. It ...

A study conducted by the University of Colorado Health Sciences Center Burn Center of 42 burned pregnant patients indicates that the mortality of both the fetus and mother is dependent upon the percent body burn of the mother. Aggressive surgical therapy, including debridement with eschar excision and skin grafting, increases ...

Hyperemesis gravidarum affects both maternal and fetal well-being by reducing maternal vascular volume (normally increased with pregnancy) and depleting maternal nutritional stores. Severe intractable hyperemesis may result in fetal demise. This report documents the ability to maintain maternal fluid and nutritional requirements during first trimester pregnancy in a female with ...

Partial and multiple regression analysis was performed to find out the correlation between birthweight and maternal anthropometric variables. Pearson regression analysis revealed significant dependence of birthweight on gestation of pregnancy, maternal weight, symphysis-sternal distance and height, but not on armspan and skin thickness. However, the only maternal variable bearing significant ...

During development, the circadian rhythms of rodents become entrained to rhythmicity of the mother. Rhythms in behavior and in neuroendocrine function are regulated by a circadian pacemaker thought to be located within the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus. Evidence indicates that this pacemaker begins to function and to be ...

The relationship between maternal and fetal glucose concentrations was investigated in pregnant women at different gestational ages. Maternal and fetal blood samples were obtained during 14 fetoscopies (17 to 21 weeks), four umbilical cord samples (32 to 36 weeks), nine elective cesarean sections with appropriate for gestational age (AGA) fetuses ...

Maternal and cord blood 25-hydroxy vitamin D concentrations are positively and significantly correlated. If an easily obtainable maternal dietary history could be used to predict maternal and secondarily cord blood vitamin D status, it would be a useful means of assessing the vitamin D adequacy of the newborn. Therefore, a ...

The British Columbia Supreme Court held that discrimination on the basis of pregnancy constitutes sex discrimination under the Human Rights Act, even though it is not discrimination against all women. The case involved a woman whose offer of employment as a secretary was withdrawn when her employer learned that she ...

Maternal hyperphenylalaninemia (HPH) due to deficient phenylalanine (Phe) hydroxylation is a recognized human teratogen associated with an increased incidence of intrauterine growth retardation, microcephaly, congenital heart disease, and mental retardation. There are no previous reports of experimental HPH during organogenesis. Sustained HPH was produced in pregnant guinea pigs by adding ...

A newborn infant with an extensive port-wine stain born to a mother who was taking lithium carbonate in the first trimester of pregnancy is described. The use of lithium carbonate in pregnant or potentially pregnant women is cautioned.

Several studies have supported the hypothesis that the maternal immune response to incompatible paternal HLA antigens present on the conceptus may influence pregnancy outcome. In order to relate feto-maternal histocompatibility directly to pregnancy course and characteristics, complete HLA-A, B and DR types were obtained from 132 healthy family groups consisting ...

This review points out the very high incidence of damage to the fetus in untreated maternal phenylketonuria (PKU). In classical cases, 92% of the offspring are mentally retarded, 73% have microcephaly, 40% are growth retarded at birth, and 12% have congenital anomalies. Less severe types of PKU and its variants ...

Nitrogen flux across the hindquarters of fetal and maternal sheep (n = 15) was determined during normal feeding and following 5 days of maternal fasting. Arterial and venous whole blood concentrations of free amino acids, ammonia and oxygen were measured entering and exiting the hindquarters. Further, the DNA, protein and ...

The roles of the maternal suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) and fetal brain in the circadian-gated timing of birth were studied in rats. The circadian gating of birth was shown by exposing different groups of dams to lighting cycles of opposite phase during pregnancy. Regardless of the phase of the prenatal lighting ...

Reported is a case of maternal hypothermia associated with magnesium sulfate therapy for treatment of preterm labor. Hypothermia was accompanied by fetal and maternal bradycardia. After discontinuation of magnesium sulfate infusion, maternal temperature, pulse, and fetal heart rate gradually returned to normal. No adverse effects were noted on either maternal ...

Normal pregnancy is characterized by a compensated respiratory alkalosis. The effect of maternal alkalosis on the fetus is less well understood than the more common problem of maternal acidosis. We present a case of maternal alkalosis, complicated by bronchial asthma, in which the fetus was stillborn. The pathophysiology of this ...

The maternal organism provides the developing embryo with its physical environment, nutrients, and a mechanism for eliminating metabolic wastes. Since the physiological state of the pregnant female affects her ability to provide those requirements for the developing embryo, it is not surprising that there are maternal factors that can affect ...

Maternal and developmental toxicities reported in the literature were examined in an attempt to define more clearly their relationship. Relationships were difficult to ascertain because maternal toxicity end points are not clearly defined, or even assessed, in every study. However, maternal toxicity accompanied by developmental toxicity is the most common ...

During a 5-year period, an enzyme-linked antiglobulin test was used to screen and quantitate fetal-maternal hemorrhage in 789 consecutive D-negative mothers who were delivered of D-positive babies. Six hundred seventy-two patients (85.2%) had no detectable fetal-maternal hemorrhage, and 117 patients (14.8%) had a detectable fetal-maternal hemorrhage. Eight of the 789 ...

The role of maternal toxicity in adverse developmental outcome and the importance of maternal toxicity as a factor in developmental risk assessment have received increasing attention in the recent literature. This paper reviews these concepts and some of the experimental approaches that have been used to assess their importance. The ...

This review will discuss hormonal and psychological factors involved in the initiation and maintenance of maternal behavior during the postpartum period in rat and human mothers. Research on primiparous rats suggests that among the ways hormones act to promote maternal responsiveness are by increasing the mother's attraction to odors of ...

There is no general agreement at the present time regarding the role of maternal toxicity in the manifestation of teratogenic effects or developmental toxicity animal studies designed to identify the teratogenic potential of chemicals. A survey of 90 teratology studies published in the recent literature revealed wide differences in the ...

Maternal phenylketonuria (PKU) refers to fetal damage from PKU in the pregnant woman. The progeny from such pregnancies are almost always microcephalic and mentally subnormal and have an increased frequency of congenital heart disease and low birth weight. Treatment with a phenylalanine-restricted diet, if begun before conception, seems to protect ...

The maternal circadian system coordinates the timing of the fetal circadian clock to the prevailing light-dark cycle. The role of various maternal endocrine organs as the source of a coordinating signal was investigated in rats. Either metabolic activity of the fetal suprachiasmatic nuclei or pineal N-acetyltransferase activity in 10-day-old pups ...

The objective of this study was to develop a standardized method of identifying fetal-pelvic disproportion by comparing fetal head and abdomen circumferences with the respective maternal pelvic inlet and midpelvis circumferences. Fetal ultrasound and maternal x-ray pelvimetry measurements were performed on 75 term pregnant women with indications for a trial ...

During late fetal and early neonatal life, the maternal circadian system coordinates the timing of a circadian clock in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) to the prevailing light-dark cycle. The role of the maternal SCN in the process of maternal coordination was investigated in rats. Complete lesions of the maternal ...

It has been suggested that lead (Pb) at low exposure levels is a behavioral teratogen. Blood lead (Pb-B) was measured in 185 samples of maternal blood and in 162 samples of cord blood drawn from members of a cohort of mother-infant pairs. Routine newborn assessments, an examination for minor anomalies, ...

Maternal phenylketonuria is a new entity in obstetrics. If unrecognized and for this or other reasons untreated, it produces a substantial risk for fetal damage. Our knowledge of the pathophysiology of the fetal complications in maternal PKU is very limited, but the degree of maternal hyperphenylalaninemia seems to be important. ...

Nalbuphine hydrochloride (Nubain) is a relatively new agonist-antagonist analgesic, chemically related to both oxymorphone and naloxone, which can be used as a systemic obstetric analgesic. After intravenous administration to six patients in labor at term, serial maternal serum specimens were obtained and assayed for their nalbuphine concentration. The maternal disposition ...

A new technique is described for producing changes in fetal blood gases in the chronically instrumented pregnant sheep. Gas mixtures were infused directly into the maternal trachea. Maternal and fetal carotid arterial blood gases and pH were measured. Air infusion at 16 L X min-1 produced no change. Oxygen infusion ...

The disposition of ethanol and its metabolite, acetaldehyde, and the activity of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDH) were determined in the third-trimester pregnant guinea pig following single and 7-day oral administration of ethanol (0.5 g X kg maternal body weight-1 X day-1). Animals were killed at each of ...

The relationship between cytomegalovirus titers and immunoglobulin (Ig) levels in 514 paired maternal-fetal sera at term was studied. Positive cytomegalovirus titers were found in 192 (37.4%) maternal sera and 138 (26.8%) fetal sera. Fetal sera with positive cytomegalovirus titers had decreased IgM levels, and maternal sera with positive cytomegalovirus titers ...