CASE HISTORY: A routine ultrasonographic examination for pregnancy diagnosis in a 3-year-old ewe revealed a normal embryo located in the uterine cavity and an abnormal mass located in the abdomen. At the time of examination, the ewe was 4.5 months pregnant, but 10 months previously she had undergone a caesarean section due ...

Background: The role of three-dimensional ultrasound in the prenatal diagnosis of orofacial clefts is increasing in recent time. Materials and Methods: We obtained three-dimensional data sets of the fetal face from 100 low-risk and 50 high-risk first-trimester fetuses to evaluate the offline reformatting accuracy of the retronasal triangle (RNT) using ...

Unwed pregnancy among adolescents is a disturbing event in Indian belief-systems, and very young motherhood limits girls' social, economic and educational prospects. Girls who seek abortions are always at higher risk for delay in care seeking; this paper looks at the reasons why. It reports the experiences of 34 unmarried ...

Carotid cavernous fistula is a well-documented but rare condition in pregnancy, about which there are a limited number of reports in the literature. We report such a case in a 41-year-old woman presenting with right-sided headache, proptosis, and diplopia at 37 weeks of gestation. She was subsequently diagnosed to have ...

Gastrointestinal (GI) conditions are common in women of childbearing age. They often present before pregnancy but can arise de novo during pregnancy. The physiological changes that occur during pregnancy can influence the differential diagnosis of common GI presentations, affect the interpretation of diagnostic tests and restrict the use of diagnostic ...

Embryo quality and receptivity of the endometrium are two factors that determine the results of in vitro fertilization/intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection-embryo transfer (IVF/ICSI-ET). There is no consensus of the optimal transfer strategy for normal responders or high responders. The current study aimed to find the optimal transfer strategy for different subgroups ...

PURPOSE: To compare the efficacy of single vitrified-warmed blastocyst embryo transfer (SVBT) versus double vitrified-warmed blastocyst embryo transfer (DVBT) according to the day of vitrification. METHODS: This retrospective study included a total of 1,051 cycles in women less than 37 years of age with their autologous SVBT cryopreserved on day 5 (5d-SVBT, ...

The spectrum of liver disease in pregnancy includes liver disease unrelated to pregnancy, those that occur with increased frequency or severity in pregnancy and liver disease specific to pregnancy. Diseases of the liver unique to pregnancy reliably occur at specific points in the gestational spectrum. Thus, gestational age, a comprehensive ...

Extracranial congenital arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are rare clinical entities that can be progressive in nature. The influence of pregnancy on lesion progression has been discussed in the past. This report presents an unusual case of 23-year-old primigravida woman who presented at 36 weeks' gestation with complicated necrotic ulceration and hemorrhage ...

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a major cause of maternal morbidity and mortality during pregnancy or early after delivery, remaining a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge in both states. The absolute incidence of pregnancy-associated VTE has been reported as 1 in 1,000 to 1 in 2,000 deliveries. With 5-6 million new births ...

Abstract Objective: To evaluate whether clinical characteristics alter the accuracy of clinical estimation of fetal weight (EFW) in term pregnancies in a teaching hospital. Methods: Secondary analysis of a retrospective cohort study of patients presenting for labor at term. Clinical EFW was performed using Leopold maneuvers. A Spearman's rank correlation ...

PURPOSE: To examine the relationship between serum total oxidant (TOS) and antioxidant (TAS) levels and clinical pregnancy in assisted reproductive technology (ART) cycles. METHODS: Prior to and after oocyte pick-up (OPU) and embryo transfer (ET), blood samples were collected from gynecologically normal females (n = 70) who were enrolled for ART solely ...

Abstract The aim of this multicentre, prospective, randomised, investigator blind, controlled clinical trial was to evaluate the clinical efficacy and tolerability of a highly purified human menopausal gonadotrophin (hMG) preparation (Merional-HG) when administered to patients undergoing controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) for in-vitro fertilisation (IVF) procedure enrolled in hospital departments. One ...

Polyhydramnios is an excessive amount of amniotic fluid within the amniotic cavity. The etiology of polyhydramnios may be idiopathic, the consequence of fetal structural anomalies, or the consequence of various fetal and maternal conditions. The clinical importance of polyhydramnios is found in its association with adverse pregnancy outcomes and the ...

Acetaminophen is safe for use in pregnancy but lacks evidence of efficacy.

To compare estradiol-to-progesterone ratio with pregnancy outcome in patients of intracytoplasmic sperm injection. The quasi-experimental study was conducted on 106 couples at an assisted reproductive clinic in Islamabad from June 2010 to August 2011. Down-regulation of females aged 18-41 with Gonadotrophin releasing hormone agonist was followed by calculated stimulation with ...

Acute aortic dissection in pregnancy is a rare condition with a potentially catastrophic outcome. The low rate of incidence together with variable presenting features in such circumstances makes diagnosis elusive. A high degree of clinical suspicion and diagnostic acumen is especially required in pregnant women without any history of connective ...

OBJECTIVE: Evaluating the validity of pre-eclampsia registration in the Medical Birth Registry of Norway (MBRN) according to both broader and restricted disease definitions. DESIGN: Retrospective nested cohort study. SETTING: Multicenter study. POPULATION: In this study two cohorts of women with pre-eclamptic pregnancies registered in the MBRN were selected. Study group ...

Abnormal luteal function is a common issue in assisted reproduction techniques associated with ovarian stimulation probably due to low levels of LH in the middle and in the late luteal phase. This defect seems to be associated with supraphysiological steroid levels at the end of follicular phase. The luteal phase ...

The rapid identification and accurate diagnosis of women who may have an ectopic pregnancy is critically important for reducing the maternal morbidity and mortality associated with this condition. To systematically review the accuracy and precision of the patient history, clinical examination, readily available laboratory values, and sonography in the diagnosis ...

Thrombocytopenia is a common complication encountered in pregnancy, and can have a wide range of prognostic implications, from completely benign to life threatening. It is important for obstetricians to be aware of the various causes of thrombocytopenia in pregnancy, and to be able to diagnose and manage these patients. This ...

Surplus embryos available for cryopreservation in fresh cycles are considered as having good potential for future use. However, the optimal stage of embryo cryopreservation remains unclear. In this study, 1190 patients with surplus embryos on day 3 were divided into two groups: cleavage-stage embryo cryopreservation (control group) and blastocyst cryopreservation ...

STUDY QUESTION: What factors does multivariate logistic regression show to be significantly associated with the likelihood of clinical pregnancy in vitrified-warmed embryo transfer (VET) cycles? SUMMARY ANSWER: Assisted hatching (AH) and if the reason to freeze embryos was to avoid the risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) were significantly positively ...

Adrenal gland tumours in pregnancy are very rare occurrences and have highly variable clinical presentations. The timely diagnosis of adrenal tumours in pregnancy is extremely important as failure to do so may lead to fatality. As there is limited published literature on adrenal tumours in pregnancy and no consensus on ...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical value of a high resolution whole-genome array method for examination of genomic imbalances in prenatal samples (46 amniotic fluid, 17 chorionic villus, and 26 products of conception) from fetuses with abnormal ultrasound, in a clinical setting where more than 90% of pregnant women receive 1(st) ...

PURPOSE: With a newly described diagnostic pathway, we aim to avoid unnecessary surgical exploration for suspected symptomatic groin hernias in pregnancy. METHODS: A consecutive series of eighteen pregnant women was referred to our department due to a gradual onset of inguinal swelling and groin ache. In a prospective clinical study, ...

PURPOSE: To assess the effect of assisted hatching (AH) site on the clinical outcomes in vitrified-warmed blastocyst transfer cycles. METHODS: A total of 160 women who underwent vitrified-warmed blastocyst transfer cycles were randomized to either the ICM group (AH performing at the site near the inner cell mess, ICM), or ...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To delineate the current trends in the clinical application of oocyte cryopreservation. RECENT FINDINGS: Although the first live birth from oocyte cryopreservation was reported approximately three decades ago, significant improvement in the clinical application of oocyte cryopreservation took place only over the past decade. On the basis ...

Clinicians across disciplines and practice settings are likely to encounter adolescents who are at risk for a pregnancy. In 2010, 34.2/1000 15-19-year-old teens had a live birth in the United States, many more will seek care for a pregnancy scare or options counseling. Teen mothers are also at risk for ...

You probably shouldn't test, although you may want to treat your patient with low-molecular-weight heparin.

Recent studies have associated pregnancy loss with subclinical hypothyroidism, defined as elevated thyroid-stimulating-hormone level, with normal free thyroxine. In overt hypothyroidism, the free thyroxine is low. Subclinical and overt hypothyroidism occurs in 0.25-2.5% and 0.2-0.3% of pregnancies respectively. We examined the prevalence of subclinical and undiagnosed overt hypothyroidism in women ...

Congenital megalourethra is a rare urogenital malformation that is usually associated with lower urinary tract obstruction. In association with hypoplasia or deficiency of the corpus spongiosa and/or corpus cavernosum, a cystic dilatation of penile urethra is generally observed. We present a case of congenital megalourethra diagnosed by fetoscopy and ultrasonography ...

CONTEXT:TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb) cause Graves' disease (GD) hyperthyroidism. Widely available TRAb measurement methods have been significantly improved recently. However, the role of TRAb measurement in the differential diagnosis of hyperthyroidism, the prediction of remission of GD hyperthyroidism, the prediction of fetal/neonatal thyrotoxicosis and the clinical assessment of Graves' ophthalmopathy ...

Susac Syndrome (SS) and multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN) are rare autoimmune neurological conditions which can affect women of childbearing years. The effect of pregnancy on these disorders is poorly characterised. We report a case of SS first manifesting in pregnancy with challenges in diagnosis and management and a poor clinical ...

BACKGROUND: Pregnant women were recruited into the Alberta Pregnancy Outcomes and Nutrition (APrON) study in two cities in Alberta, Calgary and Edmonton. In Calgary, a larger proportion of women obtain obstetrical care from family physicians than from obstetricians; otherwise the cities have similar characteristics. Despite similarities of the cities, the ...

: Adrenal diseases-including disorders such as Cushing's syndrome, Addison's disease, pheochromocytoma, primary hyperaldosteronism and congenital adrenal hyperplasia-are relatively rare in pregnancy, but a timely diagnosis and proper treatment are critical because these disorders can cause maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Making the diagnosis of adrenal disorders in pregnancy is ...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the laboratory and clinical outcomes of estrogen-suppressed in vitro maturation (ES-IVM), a novel IVM protocol that eliminates the need for FSH stimulation and cycle monitoring. DESIGN: Case series. SETTING: Academic infertility center. PATIENT(S): Eighteen infertile couples undergoing ES-IVM (n = 20). Eligible candidates included women ≤38 years old ...

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate eating disorder diagnostic status and related symptoms in early pregnancy. METHODS: Pregnant women (n=739), attending their first routine antenatal scan, were assessed using an adapted version of the Eating Disorder Diagnostic Scale (EDDS). Prevalence estimates and eating disorder symptoms were assessed during the first ...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate pregnancy outcomes with and without use of luteal phase support (LPS) in frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) performed in natural cycles (NC). STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective analysis. Before 1st July 2009, two doses of 1500IU intramuscular human chorionic gonadotrophin were given on the day of FET and 6 days ...

Association of hyperthyroidism and pregnancy is not an unusual event, and has an impact on both the mother and fetus. After delivery, it may also affect the newborn and the nursing mother. Clinical management of this situation is quite different from that required by non-pregnant hyperthyroid women and poses significant ...

Context.-Dilation and evacuation (D&E) is an alternative method to induction of labor for pregnancy termination and intrauterine fetal demise, and it is the most common mode of second-trimester uterine evacuation in the United States. Many D&E specimens are examined in surgical pathology, and there is little information available in surgical ...

Empirically-based lifting criteria established by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) to reduce risk of overexertion injuries in the general U.S. working population were evaluated for application to pregnant workers. This report proposes criteria to guide decisions by medical providers about permissible weights for lifting tasks performed ...

Ascariasis can have various clinical presentations. We present three cases of ascariasis in pregnant or postpartum women, presenting with acute abdomen. The diagnosis of ascariasis was made clinically with the passage of ascaris worms in the vomitus or stool and was supported by ultrasonography. All three patients were treated successfully ...

PURPOSE: Color Doppler ultrasound (CDU) accuracy of kidneys and bladder in the diagnosis and treatment of hydronephrosis and/or renal colic in pregnancies was evaluated. METHODS: Between January 2010 and September 2012, 234 pregnant women asymptomatic in 204 cases and with unilateral renal colic in 30 (median 26 years) were evaluated. A ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Several peripheral proteins that might be useful for detecting the presence of ectopic pregnancy (EP) have been evaluated, but none have been proven entirely useful in the clinic. We investigated the presence and the possible changes in circulating molecules that distinguish between normal intrauterine pregnancy (IUP) and tubal ...

Intramural pregnancy is a rare form of ectopic pregnancy and little is known about its etiology, prevalence and natural history. There is no consensus regarding the ultrasound criteria to diagnose intramural pregnancy and the management strategies vary depending on the severity of clinical presentation, exact location of pregnancy, viability and ...

Round ligament varicosities (RLVs) are rare, and only occur in pregnancy. The swelling due to RLVs mimics an inguinal hernia and generally resolves spontaneously after delivery. Distinguishing between varicosities and hernias is critical to avoid unnecessary surgeries on pregnant women. We aimed to determine the significance of RLVs during pregnancy ...

BACKGROUNDResearch on noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) of fetal trisomy 21 is developing fast. Commercial tests have become available. To provide an up-to-date overview of NIPT of trisomy 21, an evaluation of the methodological quality and outcomes of diagnostic accuracy studies was made.METHODSWe undertook a systematic review of the literature published ...

Adrenal insufficiency (AI) in pregnancy is relatively rare, but it is associated with significant maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality if untreated during gestation or in the puerperium. Hence, timely diagnosis and decisive treatment by the clinician are critical. However, due to pregnancy-induced metabolic and endocrine changes and the resemblance ...

We report sudden unexpected death in a 35-year-old woman with pregnancy of seven months duration. There was an allegation by the parents of the woman that she was subjected to an assault prior to death. Autopsy examination showed an abdominal pregnancy with a dead fetus, ruptured gestational sac, massive haemorrhage ...