Liver disease occurring in pregnancy can be categorized into three groups. The first group includes diseases unique to pregnancy and caused by it. Among these are hyperemesis gravidarum, cholestasis of pregnancy, and disorders associated with preeclampsia. Liver involvement may be expected in 50% of patients with hyperemesis gravidarum. Preeclampsia has ...

Dermatofibromata are common benign dermal tumours of unknown aetiology. They usually present as a single lesion on the limbs of young adults. Multiple dermatofibromata have been reported occurring in patients with autoimmune disease, who were receiving immunosuppressive treatment. A 25-year-old female is reported who developed multiple dermatofibromata during her first ...

Only a few of the advantages of stable isotopes have been illustrated here. However, two valuable concepts have emerged in recent years; (1) the use of multiple isotopomers for comprehensive studies of a nutrient system, and (2) the use of multiple tracers for parallel investigations of different metabolic systems. These ...

BACKGROUND: Hepatic rupture during pregnancy has a high rate of maternal and fetal mortality. Most cases occur as a complication of severe pregnancy-induced hypertension, and maternal survival has been highest in patients managed with conservative surgical therapy. CASE: A woman in late pregnancy experienced hepatic rupture associated with cocaine use. ...

The relationship between pregnancy and multiple sclerosis (MS) was assessed in a clinic-based, prospectively followed, population of 125 patients with a remittent onset of MS who had been followed for a mean (SD) of 10.3 (0.1) years. Thirty three women had a total of 49 pregnancies of which 32 had ...

Although liver disease during pregnancy is a rare event, it can have devastating effects on the mother and the child. This article reviews diseases uniquely associated to pregnancy, such as fatty liver of pregnancy, toxemia, and others. It also details new advances in diseases such as viral hepatitis and pregnancy ...

Maternal malnutrition late in pregnancy results in the reduced storage of fetal hepatic glycogen in the final days of gestation and an accentuation of normal birth-related hypoglycemia. It was of interest to determine whether or not low glycogen levels resulted when maternal malnutrition disrupted the normal ontogeny of fetal hepatic ...

A 33-year-old woman, gravida 4, was seen at 9 weeks' gestation. The patient had experienced hepatic infarction during her first pregnancy and had repeated hepatic infarction during her third pregnancy. A diagnosis of antiphospholipid syndrome was made. The patient was maintained on a regimen of prednisolone and aspirin and was ...

Cholestatic jaundice of pregnancy is generally a self-limiting condition that occurs in the last trimester and disappears within 1-2 weeks after delivery. The cases of two women who developed severe intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy are presented. After delivery, pruritus and jaundice increased and the maximal level of bilirubin reached 500 ...

We report three sisters with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) and the pedigree of the family, including six generations. ICP was observed in five successive generations; most of the patients also had cholelithiasis. The uniform expression, the complete penetrance of the trait and the direct parent-to-child transmission support the Mendelian ...

The checkerboard dilution test is widely used for evaluation of in vitro synergy for multiple drugs, although problems in performance, standardization, and interpretation have been noted. A major problem inherent in this commonly used method is the use of twofold dilutions for the antibiotic concentrations. We evaluated an alternative method ...

We investigated the relationship between the Kurtzke expanded disability status scale (EDSS) and an activities of daily living (ADL) scale that assesses disability across multiple functional domains based on self report of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Forty-three patients with definite MS responded on a 42-item ADL inventory and were ...

Versatility of immunoassay reagents is beneficial to laboratories seeking cost-effective combinations of tests and automated instrumentation. In such cases, both immunoassay analytical performance and instrument independence must be assessed. Considering this, we determined the compatibility of a new carbamazepine EMIT 2000 reagent system with two fully automated but different kinetic ...

A foal, small and jaundiced from birth, succumbed after two months to chronic hepatic damage which was characterised by fibrosis, biliary ductular hyperplasia and the presence of pleomorphic hepatocytes containing either a single large nucleus or multiple nuclei. The fixed liver contained sulfur-bound pyrroles, which are derived from pyrrolizidine alkaloids. ...

The size and number of hepatic peroxisomes was investigated in 16 control paediatric liver biopsies from patients ranging in age from 3 months to 18 years one fetal liver specimen and one paediatric autopsy liver. The area, diameter, volume density (Vv), numerical density (Nv) and surface density (Sv) of the ...

OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical outcome of pregnancy and vertical transmission of acute viral hepatitis in pregnancy. METHODS: Forty-eight pregnant patients with acute viral hepatitis were evaluated clinically and by abdominal ultrasonography. Serological studies for hepatitis markers were performed using radioimmunoassay. The results were evaluated using Student's t-test and tests ...

To remove multiple calyceal stones percutaneously is not a simple task. During the act of dilating the pierced channel the stones are apt to drift away towards other parts of the renal cavitary system. For avoidance we recommend the use of Pyeloform, a bicomponent synthetic compound in which chemical reaction ...

The regulation of hepatic GH receptor (GHR) and serum GH-binding protein (GHBP) during pregnancy in the mouse was investigated by manipulating the number of conceptuses carried by the dam. Animals carrying 1-4 conceptuses had significantly lower amounts of hepatic GHR (GH-binding activity) than mice carrying 10-13 conceptuses on days 9 ...

Jaundice during pregnancy may be the result either of disease uniquely associated with the pregnant state or disease totally unrelated to the pregnancy. In the United States, the most common cause of jaundice in pregnant women is viral hepatitis. With the exception of hepatitis E virus infection, the clinical course ...

A mild form of intrahepatic cholestasis is an infrequent complication of pregnancy, with a spontaneous cure almost immediately after delivery and that often recurs in future pregnancies. Pruritus alters maternal well-being, and a subclinical steatorrhea may impair the patient's nutritional status; otherwise, it is a mild disease in the mother, ...

2 strontium chloride hexahydrate-containing dentifrices (SCH), similar except for their respective abrasive systems, diatomaceous earth or silica-based, were compared for their effects on plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation as part of a 2-month randomised double-blind parallel clinical study. No attempt was made to change the patients' oral hygiene prior to ...

Ontogeny of fetal hepatic and placental growth and in vitro oxygen consumption (VO2) was investigated in fetal lambs at 75, 100, and 136 days postconception. Fetal hepatic relative weight and placental absolute and relative weights declined during this period. Oxygen consumption per gram dry weight of fetal liver and maternal ...

We report on a patient with a pustular eruption of the striae in an otherwise normal first pregnancy. The clinical, histologic, and immunologic findings are reviewed and found to be inconsistent with pruritic urticarial papules and plaques of pregnancy and with the three previously described pustular eruptions of pregnancy (impetigo ...

Fifty pregnant women with viral hepatitis were compared with 31 non-pregnant women with viral hepatitis in a prospective case-control study. The two groups were matching except for the serum bilirubin level and area of residence. Seven pregnant women died while none of the control patients died and the difference between ...

The efficacy and safety of ursodeoxycholic acid in the treatment of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy was investigated in an open pilot study. Five patients received 1 gm/day of ursodeoxycholic acid during 20 days and another three patients received two identical periods of treatment separated by a 14-day interval free of ...

BACKGROUND: The occurrence of pruritic urticarial papules and plaques of pregnancy (PUPPP) was noted in four women with unusual family relationships. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to document the occurrence of PUPPP in these families and to make observations on their possible relevance. METHODS: Case reports of the ...

We report three cases of rubeola during pregnancy complicated by pneumonia. All had bacterial superinfection of the lungs and a clinically mild hepatitis. One woman delivered at term and two underwent successful tocolysis, one of whom had an unexplained stillbirth 7 weeks later. Rubeola virus is not a teratogen, although ...

This paper reviews US vital statistics to describe the increase in multiple births in the United States between 1977 and 1987 and clarify the participation of differing maternal ethnic and age groups to this trend. The projected needs for NICU beds and costs of handicaps are estimated based on the ...

We present a patient with toxemia of pregnancy and the HELLP syndrome [hemolysis (H), elevated liver enzymes (EL), and a low platelet count (LP)] resulting in massive hepatic necrosis. Cross-sectional imaging, including sonography, computed tomography, and nuclear medicine, was instrumental in the diagnosis and differentiation from hepatic abnormalities of other ...

This is a report on pregnancy complicated by multiple myeloma. Severe refractory anemia was present throughout the pregnancy and multiple myeloma was diagnosed in the second trimester. The anemia ceased after delivery but recurred one year later along with other signs of disease progression. The infant remained healthy after a ...

Heat-inactivated human serum is added to the culture medium used for in vitro fertilization and other forms of assisted conception. Because one batch of pooled serum contained hepatitis B virus, an epidemic occurred among women participating in the treatment program. Seventy-nine women had serologic proof of hepatitis B infection. This ...

S-Adenosyl-L-methionine has been reported to induce beneficial effects in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. Because cholestasis of pregnancy has a high prevalence in Chile and a deleterious effect on fetal prognosis, we decided to verify the efficacy of S-adenosyl-L-methionine in this disease. Eighteen patients with pruritus that appeared during pregnancy and ...

Amantadine hydrochloride is a well-known antiviral agent that has been used for the prevention of influenza A2, the treatment of Parkinson disease, and, more recently, multiple sclerosis. However, very few data exist about its use in pregnant women. We report a 34-year-old woman who had used amantadine to prevent relapse ...

We report a 3-week-old boy with cholestatic hepatitis, most likely due to carbamazepine exposure during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Cholestasis resolved after cessation of nursing. Liver function test results and histological findings were compatible with a drug-induced hepatitis. Other causes were excluded. While carbamazepine-induced hepatitis is well known in children and ...

To define the risks and outcomes associated with pregnancy and liver transplantation, we reviewed our experience in managing eight pregnant women who had undergone orthotopic liver transplantation. Seven patients conceived after transplantation; the interval from transplantation to conception ranged from 3 weeks to 24 months. One patient received an allograft ...

Four cases of neonatal haemochromatosis presenting as fulminant hepatic failure in the newborn were diagnosed by autopsy. In all four cases the diagnosis was made by histochemical demonstration of excessive iron deposition in hepatocytes and extrahepatic parenchymal cells, particularly pancreatic acinar epithelium, thyroid follicular epithelium and distal renal tubules. No ...

The cDNA-deduced primary structure of rabbit corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG) contains 383 amino acids (mol wt, 42,326), including three cysteine residues and four sites for N-glycosylation. It is primarily the product of a 1.68-kilobase hepatic mRNA, but small amounts of CBG mRNA were also found in maternal lung, spleen, and ovary ...

Eight women with multiple sclerosis were followed up through pregnancy. Clinical conditions, T-cell subsets, and levels of immunoactive pregnancy-associated proteins were measured twice during the pregnancy and twice during the first postpartum year. None of the women's conditions worsened during pregnancy, although one woman reported a slight increase of symptoms. ...

The effects of phenobarbital (PB) and dexamethasone (DX) on maternal and fetal hepatic cytochrome P450 content, benzphetamine (BzP) demethylation activity, the plasma concentration of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), and the binding of propranolol (PPL) were examined in guinea pigs. In maternal guinea pigs, PB increased AGP-specific PPL binding by 131%, ...

A bubble gauge was compared with the tripod method and the use of multiple lines for recording the path of placement of a removable partial denture on a cast. The bubble gauge proved to be more accurate and quicker than the other methods, and it was preferred by both technicians ...

The experimental gingivitis model was used to compare the anti-plaque, anti-gingivitis and anti-microbial efficacies of a phenolic compound (Listerine) and an amine/stannous fluoride mouthwash (Meridol), using a placebo preparation as negative control and a chlorhexidine solution as positive control in a double-blind study. After professional toothcleaning, 36 volunteers performed optimal ...

Multiple myeloma, a generalized malignancy resulting from the proliferation of a single clone of neoplastic plasma cells, occurs rarely in pregnancy. This is the fifth documented case of pregnancy in a woman with this disorder. Clinical features of multiple myeloma include bone pain, pathologic fractures, neurologic deficits, and frequent bacterial ...

The outcome of all pregnancies complicated by congenital factor XIII (F XIII) deficiency has resulted in abortion without replacement therapy. We experienced a case with this disease and succeeded in normal vaginal delivery after treatment with weekly F XIII concentrate (Fibrogammin P, Behringwerke AG) during pregnancy. This 20-year-old woman, gravida ...

A large variety of topical substances can provoke wheals of human skin within 30 minutes. The usual term for this phenomenon, "contact urticaria," is too constricting and can lead to faulty diagnosis. Sometimes, the clinical expression is limited to erythema; less often, its sole manifestation is pruritus. The author proposes ...

We analyzed the effect of pregnancy on long-term disability resulting from multiple sclerosis in 185 women ascertained through a retrospective population-based survey of MS in Middlesex County, Ontario, Canada. There was no association between disability and total number of term pregnancies, timing of pregnancy relative to onset of MS, or ...

A number of compounds have been added to toothpastes to inhibit plaque regrowth. The inclusion of cationic antiseptics, such as chlorhexidine, poses formulation difficulties because of interactions with other ingredients particularly anionic detergents. More recently, Triclosan/zinc citrate formulations have been shown effective plaque inhibitors. The aim of this study was ...

The entire spectrum of liver diseases may occur in pregnancy. It is useful to consider those disorders uniquely associated with pregnancy and those that are coincidental. The most common cause of jaundice during pregnancy is viral hepatitis. Intrahepatic cholestasis and fatty liver may be peculiar to pregnant women. Early recognition ...

The aetiologic types of sporadic acute viral hepatitis in 169 pregnant women were compared with those of 70 non-pregnant women and 287 adult men. The majority of pregnant women (87.6%) came with acute hepatitis in the last trimester of pregnancy. Non-A, non-B (NANB) hepatitis accounted for 81.6% of hepatitis during ...

Pruritic folliculitis of pregnancy may appear any time after the fourth month of gestation. This distinct dermatosis is characterized by pruritus and small, follicle-centered, erythematous papules that may be excoriated or may have the appearance of small pustules. Distribution is variable, although all reported cases have included the abdomen. There ...

Using an experimental gingivitis model, 99 subjects completed a 3-week study to determine the correlations between a visual index of gingivitis, the Modified Gingival Index (MGI), and the Gingival Index (GI), the Interdental Bleeding Index (IBI), and the Papillary Bleeding Index (PBI). Following a baseline examination consisting of the MGI ...