A neonate presented for an esophageal atresia repair and developed respiratory distress in the immediate post-operative period. The initial conventional chest radiographs suggested that there was a right sided pneumothorax; however, this did not resolve, even after the placement of two chest tubes. A CT examination suggested that the findings ...

The incidence of congenital syphilis has increased rapidly over the past few years. Most infected mothers and their newborns are asymptomatic at birth and diagnosis depends on serologic testing during pregnancy and at delivery. This study was initiated to compare maternal sera, cord blood, and neonatal sera for detecting presumptive ...

Pregnancy in ATP women is not unusual. The problem of this association concerns the possibility of disease transmission to the fetus due to the crossing of maternal antiplatelet antibodies through the placenta. Maternal risk factors predictive of neonatal thrombocytopenia, can be identified as follows: severe thrombocytopenia, previous splenectomy, high titre ...

To further address the hypothesis that cholecystokinin (CCK) in the medullary dorsal horn (MDH) arises from intrinsic or higher-order neurons, CCK-8-specific radioimmunoassay (RIA) and immunohistochemical (IHC) experiments were carried out in adult rats after trigeminal tractotomy. RIA of punches from deafferented superficial layers of the MDH revealed no significant change ...

A cluster survey on maternal tetanus toxoid (TT) coverage was carried out in the Ile-Ife Central Local Government Area. Out of the 896 mothers of babies 0-12 months old who were interviewed, 668 (74.6%) claimed they received TT during pregnancy, this was confirmed in 37 (4.1%) and in only 25 ...

The outcomes of 39 pregnancies in 36 idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) patients were analysed. Among the 36 pregnant patients, 23 had active ITP (platelet count < 100,000 per mm3), 12 had inactive ITP, during pregnancies, while one patient had active and inactive ITP during each of her two pregnancies. Maternal ...

A newborn male with mitochondrial complex I deficiency suffered from neonatal epileptic seizures, which later developed into infantile spasms. The infant was blind due to aplasia of the retinal vessels and hypoplasia of the optic nerve. There was congenital lactic acidosis, which persisted in later life. The boy was microcephalic ...

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a life support technique capable of supporting pulmonary, cardiac, or cardiopulmonary function. It has proved most successful in neonatal respiratory failure. We report the initial UK experience with a survival rate of 80% in 15 neonates (gestations 36-41 weeks, birth weights 2690-3990 g) whose condition ...

Although erythropoietin (Ep) is considered the primary hormone responsible for erythrocyte production throughout development, the administration of recombinant human Ep (rhEp) to premature human neonates has, thus far, been ineffective in the prevention and treatment of their anemia. To determine if developmental pharmacokinetic differences might in part be responsible for ...

Two different neonatal umbilical cord treatment regimens were studied prospectively. Although a greater proportion of cords had separated by the seventh day in those babies not treated with topical antiseptics (47% vs. 26%), there was a significant excess (53% vs. 30%) of umbilical colonization by Staphylococcus aureus compared to those ...

Atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) has been well known as a potent natriuretic peptide. The purpose of this study was to clarify the physiological role of ANF in neonates. We designed two types of study to investigate the role of ANF in neonates. (i) The role of ANF in neonatal fluid ...

Colony opacity variants were detected for type III group B streptococci (GBS). Transparent colonies predominate in the parent GBS, with occasional colonies having opaque portions. Two stable opaque variants (1.1 and 1.5) were compared with three transparent clones (1.2, 1.3, and 1.4). All grew well on blood agar and on ...

The anesthesia provider plays a major role in the maintenance of a homeothermic state in the neonate undergoing a surgical procedure. It is essential for the anesthesia provider to be knowledgeable about the principles of thermal regulation in the neonate and the potential consequences that can occur as a result ...

Bulimia is a serious eating disorder that affects up to 19% of women in the United States. Research shows that bulimia may present a threat to the normal course of pregnancy. Nursing can play an important role in the prevention of maternal and neonatal morbidity through the early detection of ...

We provide evidence for the presence of arginine vasopressin (AVP) in human fetal and neonatal skeletal muscle using a combination of specific RIA, tangential flow ultrafiltration and reverse-phase HPLC separation. The IR-AVP concentrations are negatively correlated with gestational age (r = -0.75, P less than 0.0001) and range from 1 ...

The relationship between fetal sepsis and acid-base status is unknown. We hypothesized that in utero sepsis would result in fetal metabolic acidemia. In a retrospective study during a 38-month period, the acid-base status at birth of neonates with in utero sepsis, documented by positive blood cultures, was reviewed. Compared with ...

Selection lines of mice, artificially selected for aggression based upon the attack latency score (ALS), were used. In order to determine the relative contribution of neonatal testosterone (T) in the development of aggression, we vary the plasma-T level in males of both selection lines on the day of birth. At ...

Epidural analgesia for caesarean section is increasingly used and is gradually replacing general anaesthesia. Hypotension is one of the main risks: preloading of the maternal circulation is used to prevent maternal hypotension and its consequences. For this, various colloid and crystalloid solutions are used. We report a case of maternal ...

Fetal and neonatal thrombocytopenia (NNT) may lead to bleeding and to death or neurological sequelae. NNT affects 25-40% of the infants in intensive care units and even in the absence of bleeding, must be considered as a potentially valuable sign. There are various causes, the main one being bacterial or ...

A randomised controlled trial of 554 women was carried out to compare the effects of late and early umbilical cord clamping on the time of cord separation. In addition data were collected on maternal and neonatal outcomes. There were no significant differences between the two groups in the duration of ...

Creatine kinase brain isoenzyme (CK-BB) was determined in cerebrospinal fluid of 150 neonates by a newly developed immunoenzymatic assay. Newborns with a documented neurologic disorder (intraventricular hemorrhage, postasphyxial encephalopathy, central nervous system infection, or persistent periventricular intraparenchymal echodensities) showed markedly higher concentrations of immunoreactive CK-BB than did the normal newborns ...

We have adapted a new radioimmunoassay for free thyroxin (FT4) measurement in dried blood spots for use in neonatal screening for hypothyroidism. The method is easy, fast, and cheap. Within-assay and between-assay CVs are respectively 9.6% and 13.2%. In 997 neonates three days postpartum with normal thyrotropin concentrations, the mean ...

Antepartum events have been associated with fetal brain injury and may contribute to later neurological sequelae. However, children with these injuries may be asymptomatic or exhibit few clinical signs during the neonatal period. Six neonates are presented with destructive brain lesions of fetal onset based on radiological and neurophysiological studies ...

To determine if keratinocytes influence melanocyte number and position in the developing epidermis we have experimentally recombined keratinocytes and melanocytes from epidermis of different stages of differentiation in the skin equivalent (SE) system. Previously we showed that developmental differences in the position and number of melanocytes characteristic of the epidermis ...

We report a congenital nasopharyngeal teratoma which presented as acute neonatal airway obstruction. After immediate orotracheal intubation, a pedunculated mass, which filled the nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal cavities, was completely removed. Histological examination of the specimen revealed as a mature teratoma, composed of all three germ layers with recognizable early organ ...

We examined 416 consecutive third trimester intrauterine gestations over a 4-month period and discovered 26 hypoechoic masses in the fetal presacral space (6.3% incidence). These masses varied in diameter from 15 to 30 mm (mean, 21.5 mm). All neonates were normal on follow-up examination, without evidence of any masses or ...

Two cases of neonatal renal tubular dysfunction and metabolic acidosis due to maternal sniffing of a product containing toluene are reported. Both mothers had been sniffing regularly throughout their pregnancies. The infants were dysmature and had some dysmorphic features. They had hyperchloraemic acidosis and exhibited amino-aciduria. The metabolic changes were ...

Acute chorioamnionitis occurs relatively frequently in pregnancy and may result in significant fetal and neonatal morbidity. Although there is no unanimity of opinion regarding the most efficacious antibiotic regimen for the treatment of this complication, there is a consensus, at least among obstetricians, that maternal treatment may have an impact ...

Using the ELISA technique to estimate serum antibodies against tetanus toxin, seven neonates with clinical tetanus were found to have antibody levels 4-13 times higher than the presumed minimum protective level of 0.01 IU/ml. All but one of their mothers had been vaccinated with tetanus toxoid in pregnancy. In two ...

The following recommendations of the Neonatal Hemostasis Subcommittee of the Scientific and Standardization Committee of the ISTH for the management of neonatal immune thrombocytopenia were prepared by the working party on neonatal immune thrombocytopenia. Evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of the mother and neonate with alloimmune and autoimmune thrombocytopenia are discussed ...

A retrospective study over a 5-year period reviewed 71 unexpected failures of instrumental delivery and compared them with a group of 21 trials of ventouse to identify causes for failure and their impact on neonatal outcome. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of pre-application ...

Fatal neonatal sibling aggression is common in predatory birds but has not been previously reported in wild mammals. Spotted hyena females are strongly masculinized, both anatomically and behaviorally, apparently by high levels of androgens during ontogeny. Neonates display elevated androgen levels, precocial motor development, and fully erupted front teeth. Litters ...

The relationship between cord blood gases and infection outcome was determined in 53 consecutive patients with preterm premature rupture of the membranes who were delivered because of abnormal fetal biophysical assessment. Measures of infection outcome included the presence of clinical amnionitis, possible neonatal sepsis, and neonatal sepsis. Fetal acidosis at ...

This study was designed to assess the effect of operative stress on resting energy expenditure (REE) in surgical newborn infants. REE was measured in 15 neonates who had had an abdominal or thoracic operation. The findings were compared with the REE predicted from Talbot's data for unstressed neonates. The mean ...

The ciliary beat frequencies of 31 newborns and 14 adults were measured in vitro by a photodiode method at body temperature (37 degrees C). The mean (SD) neonatal ciliary beat frequency (12.7 (0.82) Hz) was faster than that in adults (11.1 (0.84) Hz) (p less than 0.01). Increased ciliary beat ...

In a pilot study 28 new-born babies (average age about 38 hours) were investigated to see whether they could already recognise their mother's voice and other sounds to which they had been exposed before birth. More than half of the babies who could be observed while awake did indeed appear ...

We report preliminary experience with a newly designed chest tube (JCT), for evacuation of neonatal pneumothorax. The catheter has a unique pigtail confirguration at the distal end, intended to simplify placement and minimize chest wall and lung trauma by reduced tube size and depth and insertion. Thirty-eight JCTs were placed ...

A prospective study was conducted of 270 intrapartum patients admitted in labor to investigate the independent and combined relationships between umbilical arterial cord pH and Apgar scores and neonatal outcome. The results revealed that when assessed independently, a low 5-min Apgar score (less than 7) was associated with both NICU ...

There is evidence that epidermal keratinocytes play a critical role in melanocyte position and differentiation in the epidermis, although little is known about the molecular mechanisms involved. We have used an in vitro skin equivalent as a model system in which to study keratinocyte/melanocyte interactions in both fetal and neonatal ...

An experimental model using rats is described, in which a state of copper deficiency was produced in pregnant dams and their offspring. In 100% of the neonates from the copper-deficient group (10/10), 20% (2/10) from the control group, and 40% (4/10) from the pair-fed group, the ductus arteriosus was found ...

Two- and 10-day-old urethan anesthetized rabbits were investigated. The ATP content as well as the intracellular pH-value were analysed during hypoxia and following reoxygenation. In contrast to the 2-day-old animals, we found delayed decreasing ATP content in 10-day-old rabbits as well as a delayed increase during the reoxygenation. The return ...

We measured neonatal apo A-I and apo B by ELISA, and apo(a) by RIA, in capillary blood spotted onto filter paper in samples also used for routine neonatal screening in 1032 consecutively born babies. In the 2- to 5-d-old babies with birth weights greater than or equal to 2.0 kg ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy of antenatal low dose oral betamethasone in preventing neonatal thrombocytopenia and/or bleeding in infants of mothers with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). SETTING: Hospital department of obstetrics and gynaecology, referral centre. PATIENTS: 41 pregnancies in 38 women were randomized. The results of 13 pregnancies were considered ...

Eleven neonates with seizures had continuous EEGs recorded before and up to several hours after administration of anticonvulsant therapy. Six of seven babies given phenobarbitone responded clinically, but in four of these the EEG showed that seizure discharges either persisted or recurred within two hours. Chloral hydrate had no immediate ...

Perinatal risk factors and bacteriological profile of conjunctivitis were studied among 245 newborns delivered at JIPMER Hospital between July 1986 and June 1988. Maternal and neonatal factors like lack of antenatal care, presence of adverse intrapartum factors, operative deliveries, birth asphyxia, pre-maturity and prolonged hospital stay significantly increased the chances ...

A retrospective analysis of low-pelvic and midpelvic operative deliveries (according to the new definitions by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, 1989) matched with cesarean section deliveries of similar station was undertaken. In all vaginally delivered groups there was significantly decreased maternal morbidity, maternal hospital stay, and estimated blood ...

Congenital auricular deformities are found in 55.2 per cent of neonates at birth. When the deformities are not hypoplastic, nonsurgical correction is very easy and reliable. Lop ear and Stahl's ear respond well to the nonsurgical correction only during the neonatal period, while protruding ears and cryptotia respond until approximately ...

Use of cocaine during pregnancy has been associated with increased perinatal morbidity and mortality. It is known to interfere with both physical and psychosocial development of the neonate. This article explores the pathology of cocaine use in pregnancy, its effect on neonatal development, and the role of the nurse-midwife in ...

Complement components C3, C1q, factor B and breakdown products of C3, i.e. C3c and C3d, were evaluated in the diagnosis and prognosis of sepsis in 24 neonates with proven sepsis. The complement components were measured by electroimmunodiffusion and breakdown products by counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIEP). The babies with sepsis were found to ...

The ontogenic changes in thyroxine 5'-monodeiodinase (5'-MD) activity were examined in brown adipose tissue (BAT) of fetal (26, 28 and 30 days of gestation) and newborn (1-14 days old) rabbits. A near-maximum stimulation of BAT 5'-MD activity was reached at 1 mM of dithiothreitol (DTT). The kinetics of 5'-MD inhibition ...