We discuss data on urinary tract dilatations diagnosed in utero from February 1980 to May 1988. Over 8,900 pregnancies prenatally investigated with ultrasound during second and third trimester in our center. We diagnosed 401 fetal defects (4.5%) with 121 urinary system anomalies (1.35%). In 90 cases (1.01%) urinary tract dilatation ...

Intestinal absorption and renal excretion rates of Ca, P, and Mg were compared in pregnant and control virgin rats fed a purified diet containing 0.55% Ca, 0.54% P, and 0.067% Mg. Four consecutive balance intervals of 5 days each were examined, beginning on day 1 of gestation. During days 6-10 ...

The physiological changes of the urinary tract during pregnancy place women at increased risk of urological problems during that time. To evaluate how patients after ureteral reimplantation fared during this high risk period we contacted 67 women who had undergone ureteroneocystostomy with a minimum of 15 years of followup. Only ...

Techniques were established for the extraction and measurement of 17 beta-estradiol (E2) and progestins (P4) from feces of Old World primates. Studies were conducted to show the sensitivity of these measures, means of preserving fecal samples in the field, effects of urinary contamination, and means to eliminate these effects. Our ...

In a cross sectional study of 88 pregnant women urinary excretion of albumin, when expressed as a ratio to creatinine concentration, was not significantly different from that in a non-pregnant control group of similar age (p greater than 0.05) and did not change significantly during pregnancy. Only when albumin excretion ...

Eight pregnancies ranging from 27-32 weeks' gestation were treated for preterm labor with oral indomethacin. The dosage regimen was 25 mg every four hours in four patients and 25 mg every six hours in the other four patients. The maximum duration of indomethacin therapy was 72 hours. In three patients, ...

Fifteen human volunteers were exposed to tetrachloroethylene (perchloroethylene, tetrachloroethene) vapor at 3.6-316 mg/m3 for 2-4 hr at rest (10 cases) and during light physical exercise (5 cases). Subsequently, 55 workers who were occupationally exposed to tetrachloroethylene in eight commercial dry cleaning facilities were studied (median value, 66 mg/m3; geometric standard ...

A positive nitrogen balance is established in early pregnancy and persists unchanged until parturition. The excretion of 3-methylhistidine is markedly increased in late pregnancy, indicating that protein retained in the maternal muscles in early pregnancy is later catabolized to provide a major source of amino acids for fetal protein synthesis.

1. Permeability of the term human placenta to inulin and mannitol was measured in six normal pregnancies. 2. Bolus and continuous infusion of inulin and mannitol to the mother for 1-2 h before delivery by Caesarean section achieved steady-state maternal serum concentrations. Net accumulation of inulin and mannitol in the ...

A quantitative analysis for urinary acylcarnitines in a patient with neonatal multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenation deficiency is described. This method (liquid chromatography) can quantify twelve acylcarnitines including glutarylcarnitine and 3 isomeric acylcarnitines (butyryl-1, valeryl- and octanoylisomer) in urine. Before and up to the 15th hour of DL-carnitine therapy, isovalerylcarnitine was the ...

Urinary excretion of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha was measured by high pressure liquid chromatography and radioimmunoassay at various stages of pregnancy and labor. In the first trimester of pregnancy, urinary 6-keto-PGF1 alpha concentrations were not different from those measured before pregnancy, but they showed a significant increase in the second trimester of ...

Hormonal measurements in maternal urine and amniotic fluid (AF) during pregnancy and/or at delivery correctly predicted the postnatal diagnosis of 11 beta-hydroxylase deficiency congenital adrenal hyperplasia (11 beta-OH deficiency CAH) in 7 fetuses at risk. In the 4 affected ones, maternal urinary tetrahydro-11-deoxycortisol (THS) excretion was high during the first ...

A retrospective study was conducted to determine if there was a correlation between maternal urinary bladder filling and the ability to obtain fetal measurements. The ultrasonographic examinations of 400 randomly selected second and third trimester patients were evaluated. The patients examined either had a full bladder or an empty bladder. ...

In this cross-sectional study calcium and magnesium metabolism was investigated in normal pregnancies (n = 34) and pregnancies complicated by either fetal growth retardation of hypertension with or without fetal growth retardation (SGA newborns) (n = 30). Special attention has been given to the renal excretion rates of calcium and ...

Since the nature and the level of urinary protein excretion have considerable clinical implications in the course of pregnancy, the early detection of even minor degrees of hyperproteinuria is important. Quantitation of 24-h urinary protein excretion is the only definite method of establishing the presence of hyperproteinuria, but this method ...

1 Mephenytoin p(4')-hydroxylation, which is deficient in 3-5% of Caucasians, was examined in 96 Cuna Amerindians of Panama. 2 Attempts were made to exclude poor compliance with urine collection and ingestion of the drug dose since the assignment of phenotype was based upon urinary recovery of the metabolite. These involved ...

24-h urinary C-peptide excretion was studied in 19 healthy normal weight women with normal glucose tolerance, and related to weight gain and skinfold thickness at 12, 20, 30, 36 weeks of gestation and 6-8 weeks post partum. The urinary C-peptide values (total nmoles or nmoles per kg body weight) showed ...

Oestrone, oestradiol-17 beta and progesterone were measured by radioimmunoassay in daily urine samples after pairing and during subsequent pregnancy in a pied bare-face tamarin. On the basis of excretion profiles an ovarian cycle length of about 3 weeks and a gestation length of about 160 days are suggested. Oestrone was ...

The urinary excretion of albumin was measured in a group of normal pregnant women at 14, 28 and 36 weeks gestation and 6 weeks postpartum. Using 2-h urine collections, the excretion rate was not found to increase during pregnancy or to differ from that in a group of non-pregnant controls. ...

The effects of two pure synthetic atrial natriuretic factors, Atriopeptin (AP) I and AP II, on the whole kidney glomerular filtration rate (GFR), sodium and potassium excretion (UNaV, UKV), urine flow rate (V) and arterial blood pressure (BP) were studied in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. The variables were measured during ...

Urinary calcium excretion and creatinine clearance studies have been conducted in 50 women at 36 weeks of pregnancy and 50 normal controls. Of the pregnant women, 25 had been administered 600,000 IU vitamin D in the 24-26 weeks of pregnancy (supplemented group). The non-supplemented group showed significant hypocalcaemia (even after ...

In Callithrix jacchus the urinary excretion of hydroxypregnanolone (5 alpha-pregnane-3 alpha, 7 alpha-diol-20-one) shows a luteal rise during the ovulatory cycle. This progesterone metabolite can therefore be used as an indication of ovulation, implantation, and subsequently for the persistence of the pregnancy. The excretion can be monitored by high performance ...

A prospective study in 16 healthy and 16 gentamicin-treated neonates was undertaken to compare the urinary excretion of proximal tubular markers such as beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2-m) and total N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) and its isoenzymatic form NAGB. beta 2-m excretion was not related to postnatal age in control full-term neonates; it ...

The pattern of excretion of taurine was measured in four omnivore and four vegan/vegetarian women during pregnancy and lactation, and was compared with the changes in urinary excretion of other amino acids, including the precursors of endogenous taurine, observed in ten pregnant omnivores. The loss of taurine in breast milk ...

We have previously shown a marked diurnal variation in the excretion of cortisol and 6 beta-hydroxycortisol at 36-38 weeks pregnancy with no variation in estrogen excretion. Since others have shown a reciprocal relationship between plasma levels of estriol and cortisol at 30-35 weeks of pregnancy, we decided to determine whether ...

Renal synthesis of the antiaggregatory and vasodilatory prostacyclin and its endogenous antagonist thromboxane A2 may be disturbed in patients with preeclampsia. We tested this hypothesis by measuring 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha (6-keto-PGF1 alpha; a hydration product of prostacyclin), 2,3-dinor-6-keto-PGF1 alpha (generated from 6-keto-PGF1 alpha through beta-oxidation) and thromboxane B2 (a hydration ...

A 27-yr-old gravida 3, para 2 was supported from the 8th week of pregnancy by intermittent daily total parenteral nutrition (TPN) following the loss of her small bowel. Nutrient intake was adjusted by monitoring nitrogen balance and the rate of increase in fetal cranial enlargement. Maternal calcium balance proved difficult ...

Uninhibited urethral relaxation appears to be a clinically distinct cause of urinary incontinence. It was found in 11 of 534 incontinent women who had multichannel urodynamic evaluation, and in 2 of these it was the sole cause of incontinence. This diagnosis should only be made after careful scrutiny has ruled ...

When a calculus is present in the upper urinary tract during pregnancy, the upper tract dilatation seen on radiography and ultrasonography can be due to the calculus or to the pregnancy. This makes the decision on management difficult unless there are associated clinical findings of pain or sepsis. The records ...

Uromodulin is an 85-kDa immunosuppressive glycoprotein originally isolated from human pregnancy urine. It exhibits immunosuppressive activity in vitro at concentrations between 10(-9) and 10(-11) M. Recent data demonstrate that uromodulin is able to specifically inhibit in vitro assays dependent upon interleukin 1 (IL-1). We now present evidence that uromodulin is ...

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for urinary retinol-binding protein (RBP) has been developed and compared with urinary beta 2-microglobulin for the detection of tubular proteinuria. The assay has a working range of 10 to 250 micrograms of RBP per liter of urine. The within-assay CV was 3.2-7.1%, the between-assay CV ...

An increase in circulating, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D level and net intestinal calcium absorption have been previously demonstrated in pregnant women and have been widely regarded as compensatory mechanisms whereby fetal mineral demands are satisfied. The alternate possibility, that these adjustments might anticipate such demands, has not previously been considered. To examine ...

To study the role of the antiaggregatory and vasodilatory prostacyclin (PGI2) during human delivery, serial urine samples collected from 13 women delivered vaginally and from eight delivered abdominally were assayed for 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha (6-keto-PGF1 alpha, a breakdown product of PGI2) by high-performance-liquid-chromatography and radioimmunoassay. In women delivered vaginally the ...

Disenchantment with the long-term results with ureterosigmoidostomy and ileal loop urinary diversion led to increased use of the nonrefluxing colon conduit. In 1978, we reported our initial experience with 3 adult patients in whom such a diversion was initially performed followed by conversion with an end-to-side colocolostomy achieving a staged ...

Hydronephrosis associated with a septated cystic structure in the fetal pelvis in the absence of an otherwise identifiable fetal bladder should alert the sonographer to the possibility of a persistent cloaca. Problems associated with compromised urinary tract drainage and the associated oligohydramnios occurring early in gestation as well as frequent ...

Excretion of 2,3-dinor-6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha and 2,3-dinorthromboxane B2, the main urinary metabolites of prostacyclin and thromboxane, was evaluated by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy and radioimmunoassay, respectively, at various conditions in man. In healthy young males excretion of 2,3-dinor-6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha was of little variability, whereas urinary 2,3-dinorthromboxane B2 showed marked interindividual ...

Twenty-five normal pregnant women were studied sequentially at 4-week intervals, beginning from weeks 8-16 until delivery. In eighteen women the study was repeated 6 weeks after delivery. The 24-h urinary excretion of PGE2 and PGF2 alpha, plasma renin activity (PRA), plasma aldosterone and fractional excretion of sodium (FENa) were measured ...

The relationship of acetylation phenotype to skin complexion was studied in 155 healthy Caucasians. Individuals received 500 mg sulphadimidine at 11.00 p.m.; urine was collected eight hours later. The percentage of acetylated sulphadimidine in urine was measured with high performance liquid chromatography. There was a slight but insignificant preponderance of ...

The sites of obstruction found during development are reviewed: high (uretero-pelvic junction), mid (ureterovesical junction) and low (posterior urethral valves). Diagnostic evaluation of the fetal urinary tract is reviewed. The management of obstructive uropathies is briefly outlined and centres around the level of the lesion and whether the obstruction is ...

We have reviewed 49 pregnancies with ultrasound evidence of fetal urinary tract anomalies and/or oligohydramnios. A surprisingly large number of fetuses with urinary tract obstruction had significant other anomalies. Fetuses with urinary tract obstruction, but a normal amount of amniotic fluid, did well without in utero intervention; however, those with ...

Sub-hourly variations in salivary estriol were measured in women in the last trimester of pregnancy. The mean and variation of salivary estriol concentrations in specimens collected at 5-min intervals for 30 min were greater on awakening in the morning (when subjects were recumbent and fasting) than in the afternoon. The ...

To study the urinary kallikrein excretion before the delivery of term pregnancy we measured its excretion preterm (between 32-36 gestational week) in 13 patients with normotensive pregnancy and 17 patients with pregnancy-induced hypertension and one to five days before the delivery at term in 18 and 22 patients, respectively. In ...

An enzymeimmunoassay (EIA) for unconjugated estriol was developed. Estriol-6-CMO-BSA was used as antigen for the antiserum production with low cross reactivities to estrone (0.3%) and estradiol (0.17%). The enzyme conjugate (estriol-peroxidase) was prepared using the mixed anhydride reaction. The antibody bound estriol fraction was separated from the free fraction with ...

Five new enzyme-linked urinary pregnancy tests were compared with the older hemagglutination assay. Urine came from 60 patients with a simultaneous serum beta-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin determination. The new enzyme-linked kits have improved sensitivity with fewer false positive results than the older system. Some kits are clearly quicker and ...

Urinary extravasation resulting in either urinary ascites or an isolated perirenal urinoma is relatively common in the fetus with severe obstructive uropathy. We examined the effect of fetal urinary extravasation on the developing kidney and abdominal wall in 12 fetuses taken from a series of 44 cases of fetal urinary ...

Rupture of the urinary tract during pregnancy is uncommonly reported. Nevertheless, pregnancy-induced changes in the urinary tract predispose to tears and leaks in the renal parenchyma or collecting system. Pyelonephritis, painful overdistension, and rupture are consequences of the effects of pregnancy on the urinary tract. Thirteen cases of urinary tract ...

Effects of maternal sodium depletion on the composition of ovine fetal fluids were studied. Maternal Na depletion was achieved by 48-h drainage of parotid saliva. There was a significant decrease in both maternal and fetal plasma Na concentration, indicating that both mother and fetus had experienced the Na-depletion stimulus. There ...

In order to identify possible aetiological factors in the genesis of physiological hydronephrosis in pregnancy, the degree of pelvic-calyceal dilatation in 90 asymptomatic pregnant women was correlated with levels of plasma oestradiol, progesterone, 24-hour urinary oestriol, the site of the placenta, birthweight of the fetus, and pelvic inlet measurements. A ...

Although it has been estimated that over 600 000 workers in the United States are exposed to di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP), an animal carcinogen, and that over 100 000 are exposed to phthalic anhydride (PA), few data are available on levels of phthalates in biological fluids of these workers. For a determination ...

Serum unconjugated estriol and estetrol were assayed daily in seven nondiabetic, uncomplicated third-trimester pregnancies to define the daily variation of these compounds. When compared to the mean of the three preceding days' values, or to the highest mean of three consecutive daily values previously obtained in a pregnancy, daily estriol ...