The present study examines the relative contributions of the nasal septum and airway volumes to the total volume of the fetal nasal capsule. For comparative purposes, 29 human fetal specimens (20 "normal" and 9 with cleft lip and palate (CLP] were celloidin embedded, sectioned, and stained with hemotoxylin and eosin. ...

A differential aversive associative conditioning paradigm was used to assess the ability of the spiny lobster Panulirus argus both to associatively learn not to respond to the odorant stimulus to which it was conditioned and to discriminate between odorants. The paradigm consisted of pairing an aversive stimulus (pseudopredator) with a ...

Sebum excretion and acne grades were measured in 20 pairs each of identical and non-identical like-sex twins. The identical twins had virtually identical rates of sebum excretion (P greater than 0.05), but they had a significantly different degree of acne severity (P less than 0.01). The non-identical twins had significantly ...

Electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings were made from 26 pairs of monozygotic (MZ) and 26 pairs of dizygotic (DZ) adult male twins, before and after alcohol ingestion. After a baseline EEG and a light breakfast, 1.2 ml/kg of ethanol was given orally over 15 min and the EEG repeated four times at ...

Within the broader context of our investigations into the heredity of the human EEG, we analysed the EEGs of 28 pairs of monozygotic and 21 pairs of dizygotic twins who were separated as infants and reared apart. The principal goal of this study was to determine the degree to which ...

Most population studies of twins estimate the number of monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) pairs by Weinberg's differential rule. This rule assumes that within the DZ twins the numbers of unlike-sexed (U) and like-sexed (L) twins are equal. The literature on the validity of Weinberg's rule is still controversial. In ...

A multidimensional scaling experiment was conducted to determine the perceptual structure of 11 American English vowels produced by a competent esophageal speaker. Estimates of perceptual distance among these vowels were obtained using a 9-point similarity/dissimilarity scale and were analyzed using an individual differences scaling algorithm (INDSCAL). A three-dimensional perceptual space ...

The accommodative response (AR) to disparity-vergence and blur stimuli was determined for 45 subjects; 15 emmetropes, 15 late-onset myopes (LOM's), and 15 early-onset myopes (EOM's). The accommodative response was measured at approximately 1-s intervals for 50 s using an objective infrared optometer. Disparity-driven accommodation was induced by a 4 delta ...

A nation wide Finnish Twin Cohort was linked with sickness insurance and hospital discharge registers on the basis of the unique identification number assigned to each Finnish citizen. The study series consisted of 4,063 monozygotic (MZ) and 9,001 dizygotic (DZ) same-sexed twin pairs born before 1958 and alive in 1981. ...

In 1952, Goldenhar described a pair of monozygotic twins who were discordant for epibulbar dermoids, auricular appendages, malformations of the auricle, and hemifacial microsomia. Eighteen twin pairs have subsequently been described in which at least one member exhibited these manifestations. We report on an additional pair of discordant dichorionic monozygotic ...

Pregnant mice from the congenic strains C57BL/10Sn, B10.BR, B10.A/SgSn, B10.A(5R)/SgSn, B10.A(2R)SgSn and B10.A(18R)Sg were fed Purina Laboratory Chow or the same diet plus approximately 400 IU vitamin A daily and given 80 mg/kg dexamethasone intra-peritoneally or a sham injection on the 12th day of pregnancy. It was found that only ...

A palatal lift prosthesis technique for edentulous patients has been described. A movable palatopharyngeal section that elevates the soft palate by the force of orthodontic wires was designed. The prosthesis with the movable palatopharyngeal section improved both speech and swallowing. This method may be useful for some edentulous patients with ...

Eleven identical (monozygotic) twin pairs discordant for schizophrenia and 18 unselected control monozygotic twin pairs received a computed tomographic scan. Brain absorption density was determined on quadrants at five slice levels using a fully automatic program that eliminated cerebrospinal fluid spaces from analysis. There was no difference in brain density ...

As part of an ongoing study of cleft palate fetal morphology, normal and dysmorphic development of the human fetal nasal capsule was studied in a cross-sectional sample of 29 human fetuses (20 "normal" and 9 cleft), ranging in age from 8 to 21 postmenstrual weeks. The specimens were celloidin embedded, ...

This study of eight patients compared the pantographic numeric data obtained with a concave clutch with those obtained with a flat clutch. The slight alterations that resulted were insignificant and varied with each patient. The only difference between Depoorter's study and this one is the manual calculation of the EPRI ...

This paper summarizes a body of work that has been carried out to define quantitatively the aerosol fraction that is inspired by people in workplace situations. A critical comparison is made between the versions of inspirability proposed by the International Standards Organization (ISO) and the American Conference of Governmental Industrial ...

Female twin daughters of a man with hemophilia B were determined to be identical but widely discordant with respect to their degree of factor IX deficiency. The proposita had a marked deficiency (3%) of factor IX with clinical bleeding. She became pregnant. Delivery was managed with infusion of factor IX ...

For epidemiological purposes, it is customary to assume that same-sex (SS) dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs are approximately equal in number to unlike-sex (OS)-DZs, the remainder of the SS pairs being monozygotic (MZ). It is also customary to consider OS-DZs to be epidemiologically representative of all DZs, which can only mean ...

Technical-grade dinocap, a complex-mixture fungicide, is teratogenic in the CD-1 mouse, causing cleft palate and otolith defects. In this study we compared the developmental toxicities of 2,4-dinitro-6-(1-methylheptyl)phenyl crotonate and 2,6-dinitro-4-(1-methylheptyl)phenyl crotonate, model isomers of the major active ingredients of technical dinocap, to the known teratogenicity of the technical compound. Individual ...

Levels of immunoglobulins IgG, IgA, IgM and IgE were determined in 8 MZ and 14 DZ twin pairs at the ages of 6-11 years, 12-17 years and 15-20 years. Intrapair similarity in immunoglobulin levels was found to be higher in the MZ than in the DZ twins, especially in the ...

Recent changes in the estimated incidence of monozygotic twinning in 15 European populations are described. The overall trend was an increase in the monozygotic twinning rate (MZTR) since the 1960s, particularly in those countries in which the use of oral contraceptives (OC) was widespread. A slower increase or even a ...

Delivery records of public hospitals and birth certificates of household registration offices were examined to study the epidemiological characteristics of twinning rate from 1955 to 1984 in Taiwan. The MZ twinning rate was consistently higher than the DZ rate during the study period. The DZ rate declined steadily from 2.7 ...

The aim of this study was to determine whether transection and pacing alter the frequency of the human jejunal pacesetter potentials (PPs). In 8 patients undergoing Roux gastrectomy, three temporary bipolar electrodes were implanted on the jejunal seromuscularis at sites 5 cm proximal to and 10 and 20 cm distal ...

The nationwide Finnish Twin Cohort was linked with the Sickness Insurance Register on the basis of the unique identification number assigned to each Finnish citizen. The study series consisted of 4137 monozygotic (MZ) and 9162 dizygotic (DZ) same-sexed twin pairs born before 1958 and alive in 1975. Altogether, 261 subjects ...

Atopic dermatitis is a multifactorial disease that seems both to rise in frequency and to be dependent on a genetic predisposition. In order to clarify these issues we encircled a representative twin series with atopic dermatitis from a total twin population of 592 like-sexed twin pairs. We found that the ...

The uniformity of twins has been examined by assembling estimates of the intraclass correlation coefficient (rho(I)) available in the literature for a variety of parameters studied in cattle monozygotic twins and human dizygotic and monozygotic twins. The values of rho(I) vary considerably between parameters. In human monozygotic twins rho(I) is ...

To determine whether any systematic differences occur as a result of using spectrograms versus digital oscillograms to make durational measurements, a number of temporal features (e.g., voice onset time, vowel duration, and consonant closure duration) for 3 speakers were independently measured by 2 different investigators. Both experimenters measured the same ...

A simple method was devised for recording dermatoglyphics in a form suitable for sweat pore counting. Fifteen members of a family with a hypohidrotic X-linked ectodermal dysplasia made their own hand prints using our method and mailed the results to us for interpretation. The simplicity of the technique also makes ...

A new variant of Alloalbumin, with electrophoretic mobility identical to CISMEL standard SO/BS, characterized by thermolability at 56 degrees C of its slow migration band is described in this paper. This thermolabile Alloalbumin was present in 5 out of 10 family members of the original propositus. The new Alloalbumin has ...

While many studies have demonstrated sexual dimorphism and racial variation (Mongoloid greater than Caucasian greater than Black) in the incidence of palatal clefting, only generalized statements have been made concerning the causal mechanism (eg, "genetic propensity"). The present study tests the hypothesis that the more rapid the growth rate of ...

Although formation of the secondary palate is known to involve a complex sequence of developmental events, current concepts of palatal clefting emphasize alterations in the palatal shelves. The objective of this study was to identify similarities in facial growth and palatal formation in man and in rodent experimental models and ...

The purpose of this study was to determine if the discrepancy in measured intelligence between identical twins concordant for handedness differed measureably from the discrepancy between identical twins discordant for handedness. If handed concordant and discordant twins did differ in terms of the between twin discrepancy in measured intelligence, then ...

Cervicovaginal smears obtained from two women, one at the 32nd week of pregnancy and the other at the immediate postpartum period, contained hematoidin crystals. These crystals were of a golden color and appeared as radially arranged fine needles forming cockleburrs or as aggregates of small irregular particles, spherules or rhomboids, ...

A monozygous female twin pair discordant for dermatitis herpetiformis and concordant for gluten-sensitive enteropathy is reported. The diagnosis of dermatitis herpetiformis was verified by demonstrating granular IgA deposits in the uninvolved skin. Gluten-sensitive enteropathy was confirmed according to the ESPGAN criteria. Monozygosity was proved by the standard genetic characteristics.

In 43 pairs of same-sex twins, in which at least one co-twin had Tourette syndrome (TS), 30 pairs were probably monozygotic (MZ) and 13 were probably dizygotic (DZ). Concordances for TS were 53% and 8% for MZ and DZ pairs, respectively. When diagnostic criteria were broadened to include any tics ...

A method of comparing the performances of athletes of disparate bodyweights in Olympic weightlifting is developed that is able to accommodate the fact that, of the ten bodyweight classes contested, the lighter nine have upper limits assigned to them while the heaviest has only a lower limit. The results are ...

The Weinberg difference method in twin epidemiology may be subject to a major error related to a fundamental assumption that seems not to have been previously questioned. Results presented here indicate that the mortality of like-sex dizygotics (DZs) resembles that of monozygotics (MZs) much more than that of unlike-sex DZs, ...

During embryonic and fetal stages of human development, elongation and straightening of the neck occurs. Authors have suggested that the resulting change in head posture lifts the lower border of the mandible from the pericardial region, so allowing jaw movements to assist the withdrawal of the tongue from between the ...

The pathogenesis of asplenia and polysplenia in humans is unknown. The conditions have been regarded as duplication of sidedness or abnormalities of embryonic curvature. The resemblance of the abnormalities in an autosomal recessive mutation (iv) in mice to those in humans with asplenia or polysplenia suggest the possibility of a ...

Palatal slit, which occurs spontaneously in C57BL/6 (C57BL) mice, is increased in frequency among C57BL fetuses from dams treated with triamcinolone acetonide, but is not induced in SWV fetuses. On the other hand, C57BL is more resistant than SWV to cleft palate induction by triamcinolone. Using these C57BL and SWV ...

This paper reports an exploratory study of potential correlates of Exner's Rorschach Egocentricity Index, a measure of self-focusing, in a sample of 70 psychiatric inpatients. We examined the relationship of the Index of the MMPI Ego Strength scale and to other MMPI and Exner Comprehensive System Rorschach variables, using Pearson ...

Twenty-six pairs of reared apart twins were evaluated ophthalmologically. Included were 18 monozygotic pairs and eight same sex dizygotic pairs. A high concordance of C/D ratios and esotropia was evident. Though reared apart, three pairs of esotropic MZ twins had almost simultaneous onsets of diagnosis and treatment for their strabismus. ...

As shown in a previous study [Schüpbach et al, 1984], different types of total and partial clefts of the secondary palate can be produced through amniocentesis performed in Sprague-Dawley rats at day 16.2 of gestation. Among these were a small number of unilateral clefts that were examined in the scanning ...

The theories and characteristics of anomalous retinal correspondence (ARC) are critically reviewed and a classification of ARC is proposed which attempts to reconcile various aspects of the different theories. It is suggested that ARC in microtropia, and perhaps some small-angle squints, is a cortical adaptive mechanism, whereas squints with a ...

For 98 pairs of MZ twins, four measures indicating degree of cotwin closeness were correlated with absolute differences between IQ scores within pairs. In two different twin samples (40 MZ vs 40 DZ pairs and 169 MZ vs 174 DZ pairs, respectively), means and standard deviations in the closeness variables ...

Maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (MSAFP) values in the second trimester have been related to pregnancy outcome for 100 normal twin pairs, 42 monozygous (MZ) and 58 dizygous (DZ), liveborn after 28 weeks gestation. The median MSAFP value was 1.9 multiples of the median value (MOM) for uncomplicated singleton pregnancies. Both very ...

A microscopical study of the early and late development of the face was performed in 77 human embryos and fetuses. After the transformation of both nasal placodes, via nasal grooves, into the nasal tubes the ectoderm of the face is closed superficially and the early development of the face (less ...

The 11.5-day twin mice reported here support one of the classically described mechanisms for mammalian monozygotic twinning: subdivision of the blastocyst inner cell mass at the stage of proamnion cavitation. This particular method for monozygotic twinning has the attraction of providing a hypothesis for mirror image translocation of asymmetric traits. ...

Clefts of the hard palate with soft palate integrity can be produced through amniocentesis in Sprague-Dawley rats. This study attempted to induce exotic partial clefts of the palate and to describe their type, frequency and possible genesis. Palatal closure, i.e., elevation and fusion of the anterior zone, remodelling of the ...

This report concerns a pair of monozygotic twins discordant for bilateral symmetrical macrostomia. Laterally placed, symmetrical notches in the vermilion borders of both upper and lower lips were apparent in the affected twin. Since the oral cavity walls develop by a differential growth and merging mechanism, this result suggests a ...