BACKGROUND: Maternal smoking during pregnancy has been often implicated in the development of childhood leukemia with ambiguous results. Hence, we conducted a meta-analysis aiming to summarize current evidence and quantify any tentative impact. PROCEDURE: We retrieved one cohort (553 leukemias compared to 1,440,542 children), 20 case-control studies and also analyzed ...

Childhood obesity is a worldwide public health concern. Recent studies from high income countries have demonstrated associations between maternal smoking during pregnancy and children's excess body weight. We examine associations between maternal smoking during pregnancy and children's overweight or obesity, in six countries in the less affluent Central/Eastern European region. ...

Leukemia during pregnancy is rare, posing a complex series of questions, including appropriate therapy and maternal counseling. Management of chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML) during pregnancy is limited. Our patient presented at 30 weeks' gestation with anemia, leukocytosis, and a non-productive cough. Polymerase chain reaction performed on a peripheral blood sample confirmed ...

The concomitant occurrence of pregnancy and chronic myelogenous leukemia is uncommon. We describe the successful management of a 24-year-old woman in the first trimester of her pregnancy with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) in the chronic phase, who was on treatment with imatinib, which was stopped by 10(th) week of pregnancy. ...

In 2001, the sudden collapse of the Columbia Basin population of pygmy rabbits prompted the initiation of a captive breeding program to facilitate reintroduction, but reproductive success in captivity has not met expectations. Therefore, the objective of this study was to characterize the reproductive and adrenal endocrinology of this endangered ...

Objective The mechanisms inducing steroidogenesis in primary aldosteronism (PA) remain poorly defined. It was recently demonstrated that some G-protein-coupled receptors are abnormally expressed in aldosterone-producing adenomas (APA). We evaluated the potential role of LH and GNRH receptors (LHR (or LHCGR) and GNRHR) in regulating aldosterone secretion in a patient with ...

Cushing's syndrome (also known as hypercortisolemia) is rare in pregnant women due to the menstrual disturbances and infertility in women with hypercortisolism. A diagnosis of pathological hypercortisolism in pregnant women is often difficult as some symptoms of the disease may be associated with a complicated pregnancy. Hypercortisolemia leads to serious ...

The morphology and physiology of both the vulva and vagina undergo characteristic age-related changes over a lifetime. At birth, these tissues exhibit the effects of residual maternal estrogens. During puberty, the vulva and vagina mature under the influence of adrenal and gonadal steroid hormones. During the reproductive years, the vagina ...

A 31-year-old pregnant woman was diagnosed with chronic-phase chronic myeloid leukemia at gestational week 16. To avoid exposure of the fetus to teratogenic agents, the patient opted for a course of careful observation only for the duration of her pregnancy. We detected 9.1% of BCR-ABL-positive cells in the patient's colostrum ...

Smoking during pregnancy is a persistent public health problem that has been linked to later adverse outcomes. The neonatal period--the first month of life--carries substantial developmental change in regulatory skills and is the period when tobacco metabolites are cleared physiologically. Studies to date mostly have used cross-sectional designs that limit ...

Adrenal cysts are rare and are usually discovered incidentally during diagnostic imaging, surgery, or autopsy. Most cystic lesions of the adrenal gland are nonfunctioning and become symptomatic when complicated by rupture, hemorrhage, or infection. A 40-year-old woman presented with a history of gradual-onset pain in her left flank region at ...

Cushing's syndrome (CS) in pregnancy may be confused with a complication of pregnancy, such as pre-eclampsia or gestational diabetes. We managed a case of CS in pregnancy that was considered to be severe pre-eclampsia due to uncontrolled hypertension. The fetus was delivered via emergency cesarean section at 31 weeks' gestation ...

Year 2010 marks a centennial anniversary of the description by Stella Starkel and Lesław Węgrzynowski, Polish students of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Lwów, the fetal zone of the human fetal adrenal gland. In 1911 both, Starkel and Węgrzynowski were graduated from the Faculty of Medicine of Lwow University. ...

Background Although a number of previous studies have reported an association between maternal smoking during pregnancy (MSP) and externalising behaviour problems among offspring, it has been suggested that this relationship is spurious due to the failure of these studies to properly account for important confounding factors. Methods The relationship between ...

Aims  To determine the efficacy and safety of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) with or without behavioural support when used to support smoking cessation in pregnancy. Design, Setting and Participants  A systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in which NRT was used with or without behavioural support to promote smoking ...

Smoking during pregnancy is a risk factor for various adverse birth outcomes but lowers the risk of preeclampsia. Cardiovascular adaptations might underlie these associations. We examined the associations of smoking in different trimesters of pregnancy with repeatedly measured blood pressure and the risks of preeclampsia and pregnancy-induced hypertension in a ...

Being born small-for-gestational-age (SGA) is associated with hypercholesterolemia in later life. It is possible that only certain subgroups of SGA are at elevated risk for hypercholesterolemia. We examined the associations between SGA subgroups based on levels of maternal smoking during pregnancy and adult hypercholesterolemia. A subsample of 1625 adult offspring ...

Smoking is the one of the most important modifiable causes of poor pregnancy outcomes in the United States, and is associated with maternal, fetal, and infant morbidity and mortality. The physical and psychologic addiction to cigarettes is powerful; however, the compassionate intervention of the obstetrician–gynecologist can be the critical element ...

The aim of this study was to assess the influence of active and passive maternal smoking on placenta total oxidant/antioxidant status in term infants. The levels of cord blood total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total oxidant status (TOS), and oxidative stress index (OSI) were measured in samples of fetal placental tissue, ...

To review data assessing the effects of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) during pregnancy on fetal, neonatal, and maternal outcomes. A literature search of PubMed (1966-July 2010) was performed using the terms smoking, smoking cessation, pregnancy, and nicotine replacement therapy. Bibliographies and the Cochrane Database were reviewed to identify additional relevant ...

We investigated an intrauterine influence of maternal smoking during pregnancy on childhood bone mass. Daughters, but not sons, of mothers who smoked had higher bone mass at age 10 years. This appears to be due to familial factors related to parental smoking influencing increased offspring adiposity rather than a direct intrauterine ...

Maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy is associated with poor fetal outcome and aberrant miRNA expression is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. In 25 human placentas, we analyzed the expression of four candidate miRNA previously implicated in growth and developmental processes: miR-16, miR-21, miR-146a, and miR-182, and used three immortalized placental ...

We aimed to determine whether the clinical characteristics of women in uncomplicated pregnancies presenting with decreased foetal movements (DFMs) would help target subgroups of women at the highest risk. Furthermore, we also aimed whether DFMs in complicated pregnancies identified the additional needs for intensified management. Singleton third trimester pregnancies (n=2374) ...

Symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often co-occur. Given the previously found familiality of ASD symptoms in children with ADHD, addressing these symptoms may be useful for genetic association studies, especially for candidate gene findings that have not been consistently replicated for ADHD. We studied the ...

to identify existing literature which addresses the topic of detecting, assessing and intervening when a pregnant woman who has quit smoking relapses. This literature review was conducted in the light of findings of a case-control study which suggest that a quit smoking status is associated with increased risk of late ...

Background To examine if smoking during pregnancy is associated with poorer motor competence among offspring, indicating impaired neurological function. The measures may be less susceptible to socioeconomic confounding than cognition tests. Methods Data were from 13 207 members of the National Child Development Study, born in Great Britain in 1958. Maternal ...

Cigarette smoking during pregnancy is associated with negative reproductive consequences for male fetuses in adult life such as reduced testicular volume and sperm concentration. The present study evaluates the number of germ and somatic cells present in human embryonic first-trimester gonads in relation to maternal smoking. The study includes 24 ...

To investigate factors affecting women's intention to smoke during pregnancy. A descriptive, correlational, cross-sectional study, employing the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB). A questionnaire that was constructed based on a literature review of research on smoking during pregnancy and on the TPB was administered to 201 Israeli female smokers aged ...

to determine the independent effect of prenatal tobacco smoke exposure on fetal growth using customized birthweight norms. demographic characteristics and data on exposure to tobacco smoke during pregnancy were obtained from singleton neonates ≥ 34 weeks' gestation. Centile Calculator software v62.2 (www.gestation.net) was used for calculating customized birthweight percentiles. of ...

Pheochromocytoma is a curable, rare cause of hypertension, characterized by symptoms and signs related to increased catecholamine secretion. Pregnancy and labour increase the risk of hypertensive crisis. However, antepartum diagnosis reduces both maternal and foetal mortality, allowing for safe cesarean section and resection of tumor. Control of hypertension with alpha ...

To compare the prevalence of maternal smoking during pregnancy and the correlations between maternal smoking and other maternal lifestyle or pregnancy factors between the years 1996-2001 and 2001-2006. The participants were pregnant women who responded to questionnaires while registering their pregnancies between 1 April 1996 and 31 March 2001 (Group ...

To examine the combined effect of birth weight, mothers' education and prenatal smoking on psychometrically measured intelligence at school age 1,822 children born in 1992-1999 and attending the first six grades from 45 schools representing all of the fifteen Estonian counties with information on birth weight, gestational age and mother's ...

Objective: Exposure to heavy maternal cigarette smoking in pregnancy and severe maternal psychosocial stress during pregnancy appear to be important risk factors for the development of ADHD. This study aimed to determine whether these perinatal risk factors were associated with neuropsychological deficits commonly seen in ADHD. Method: We examined the ...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate possible associations between smoking and pregnancy-related pelvic pain. DESIGN: Nested case-control study. SETTING: Denmark 2000-2001. POPULATION: The Danish National Birth Cohort. METHODS: The women were interviewed twice in pregnancy and twice after childbirth. The first pregnancy interview provided information on smoking and possible confounding factors,whereas the first ...

This research compared pregnant quitters' and non-quitters' accounts of how partners, family and friends influenced their smoking cessation attempts. Qualitative secondary data analysis was carried out on a purposive sample of motivational interview transcripts undertaken by research midwives with pregnant women as part of SmokeChange, a smoking cessation intervention. Interviews ...

Recent evidence has suggested that low socioeconomic status (SES), race, prematurity, and maternal smoking during pregnancy are associated with childhood sleep disordered breathing (SDB). We investigated (1) the association of SDB with a wide range of risk factors, including prenatal and perinatal complications; (2) the association of these complications with ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the association between type, chronicity, and severity of childhood hardships and smoking status during pregnancy, preterm birth (PTB), and low birth weight (LBW). DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: The National Child Development Study, a nationally representative study of births in Great Britain in 1958. PARTICIPANTS: Four thousand ...

Smoking is a well-established risk factor for fetal growth restriction and other adverse pregnancy outcomes, and nicotine may be one of the chemical compounds that drive these associations. Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) is a smoking cessation aid, which can facilitate smoking cessation. It is, however, unknown whether NRT used during ...

Smoking during pregnancy has been shown to increase the risks of several adverse birth outcomes. Associations with overweight and/or obesity in the offspring have also been suggested. We aim to investigate whether familial factors confound the association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and overweight in early adulthood in young Swedish ...

Many women continue tobacco use during pregnancy despite known adverse consequences on neonatal growth and development. Testing meconium, the first neonatal feces, for tobacco biomarkers offers objective evidence of prenatal tobacco exposure. However, relationships between the amount, frequency, and timing of cigarette smoking during gestation and tobacco biomarker meconium concentrations ...

Studies examining the relationship between maternal smoking during pregnancy and the development of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) among offspring have yielded mixed results, with some studies suggesting a strong association and others finding no association. These studies have varied in quality of design and measures. The purpose of this ...

Cigarette smoking during pregnancy is associated with numerous obstetrical, fetal, and developmental complications, as well as an increased risk of adverse health consequences in the adult offspring. Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) has been developed as a pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation and is considered to be a safer alternative for women ...

Cigarette smoking is an established risk factor for adverse perinatal outcomes. The purpose of this study is to examine the association between maternal smoking in pregnancy and the occurrence of placental-associated syndromes (PAS). We analyzed data from a population-based retrospective cohort of singleton deliveries that occurred in the state of ...

Preeclampsia is a leading cause of maternal and infant mortality and morbidity worldwide. Both Swedish snuff and cigarette smoke include nicotine, but combustion products accompany only smoking. The aims of this study were to compare the effects of Swedish snuff and cigarette smoking on preeclampsia risk and to estimate whether ...

A large body of documented evidence has found that smoking during pregnancy is harmful to both the mother and the fetus. Prenatal exposure to nicotine in various forms alters neurologic development in experimental animals and may increase the risk for neurologic conditions in humans. There is a positive association between ...

Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) is effective for smoking cessation, but much controversy surrounds its use during pregnancy. The importance of finding ways to help pregnant smokers quit is undisputed, since smoking during pregnancy causes harm to the mother and the fetus, with effects of smoke exposure extending into childhood. Researchers ...

BACKGROUND: Few studies, and none in Canada, have examined the relation between maternal smoking, alcohol consumption and drug dependence during pregnancy and early neonatal morbidity. METHODS: We analyzed records of singleton live births in Alberta, Canada. Markers of neonatal morbidity were Apgar scores (< 7 at 5 minutes postpartum) and ...

OBJECTIVES: To determine rates of pregnancy smoking concealment compared to behavioral observation and to identify factors predicting untruthful denial. METHODS: Review of 843 delivery charts. RESULTS: Based on observation during delivery hospitalization, 8% of smokers denied hospital admission, 16% denied throughout prenatal care. Compared with those admitting smoking, false deniers ...

To assess whether functional maternal or fetal genotypes along well-characterized metabolic pathways (ie, CYP1A1, GSTT1, and CYP2A6) may account for varying associations with adverse outcomes among pregnant women who smoke. DNA samples from 502 smokers and their conceptuses, alongside women in a control group, were genotyped for known functional allelic ...

The aim of this study is to evaluate perinatal outcome and subsequent morbidity and neurodevelopment in 10-year-old children with fetal hypokinesia intrauterinely verified by ultrasonography in early pregnancy as a pattern of abnormal fetal behavior due to maternal chronic smoking. This study revealed significant global fetal hypokinesia as well as ...