Several studies have examined the effect of in utero exposure to smoking and fecundity among the offspring but the findings are contradictory. We therefore studied the waiting time to first pregnancy (TTP) and exposure to smoking in utero and childhood among Danish twins born between 1931 and 1952. Information about ...

Maternal smoking during pregnancy has been shown to be associated with obesity in the offspring, but findings have been based mainly on BMI, which is derived from height and weight. This study examined the association between maternal and partner smoking during pregnancy and offspring total fat, truncal fat, and lean ...

To examine the association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and the development of smoking behaviour patterns among young adult offspring. Data were from the Mater-University of Queensland Study of Pregnancy (MUSP), a birth cohort of 7223 mothers and children enrolled in Brisbane, Australia, in 1981. The development of smoking behaviours ...

The aims of the present study were to assess the number of women performing pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) during pregnancy and to compare the background variables in those exercising and in those who did not. Four hundred and sixty-seven pregnant women (response rate 84%), mean age 31.5 years (range ...

Inflammatory processes are implicated in the development and progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). However, there are limited data on longitudinal associations between systemic markers of inflammation and AMD. The authors examined the prospective relation between the circulating white blood cell (WBC) count and early and late AMD in a ...

BACKGROUND: The goal was to study the effects of social support during pregnancy on maternal depressive symptoms, quality of life and pregnancy outcomes. METHODS: Eight hundred ninety-six women were prospectively studied in the first trimester of pregnancy and following completion of the pregnancy. The sample was divided into quartiles yielding ...

BACKGROUND: Cigarette smoking has long been known to have an effect on female fertility. The existence of an ovarian factor is clear when one considers that the mean age of the menopause is lower and IVF cycle outcome is worse in heavy smokers. The hypothesis of a concomitant uterine effect ...

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the present study was to examine background and modifiable pregnancy health behavior factors predicting infant birthweight in an economically and educationally disadvantaged sample with low medical risk. METHODS: Participants were recruited from a family practice center in rural Appalachia. Participants: Over 220, predominantly Caucasian and lower ...

This study's objective was to examine the association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and childhood aggressive behavior in African-American and Puerto Rican children, as well as the relationship between maternal unconventional behavior, low maternal affection, and offspring aggression. Participants consisted of African-American and Puerto Rican children (N = 203; mean ...

Events during pregnancy and labour may influence the future health and well-being of offspring. Many studies rely on maternal reports of pre and peri-natal factors. Both maternal and child characteristics may potentially influence the reliability and accuracy of maternal recall. However, this has not been previously examined. To examine agreement ...

We assessed the concentration of the oxcarbazepine metabolite 10-hydroxycarbazepine (MHD) in nine pregnancies among seven women before, during, and after pregnancy. The mean dose-corrected concentration of MHD was decreased during pregnancy (analysis of variance, p = 0.0016), being 72% (SD = 13%) in the first trimester, 74% (SD = 17%) ...

Certain modifiable maternal behaviors and experiences before, during, and after pregnancy are associated with adverse health outcomes for the mother and her infant (e.g., physical abuse, insufficient folic acid consumption, smoking during pregnancy, and improper infant sleep position). Information about these behaviors and experiences is needed to monitor trends in ...

This was a questionnaire-based study of 151 postnatal women. We found 42% of women were smokers prior to pregnancy and only 37% of these women succeeded in quitting smoking during pregnancy. Success in quitting was significantly related to the number of cigarettes smoked (p<0.05). However, 71% of pregnant smokers were ...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the interaction of smoking status and dietary intake during pregnancy and its relationship to maternal weight gain and birth size parameters. DESIGN: An observational prospective study. SETTING: Free-living conditions. POPULATION: Four hundred and eight healthy pregnant Icelandic women. METHODS: Maternal smoking status, lifestyle factors and dietary habits ...

Previous studies overestimated the incidence of pregnancy-associated rhinitis because it is a poorly defined clinical condition. The objective of this study was to assess the incidence of this unique type of rhinitis using up-to-date strict criteria. This prospective study included 109 primigravida parturients who were interviewed using a structured questionnaire ...

OBJECTIVE: To assess maternal risk profile and pregnancy outcome of women who continued to smoke, reduced smoking to less than five cigarettes per day or did not smoke during pregnancy. METHODS: We analyzed a population-based database of 26,414 singleton pregnancies from 1989 to 2001. Odds ratios (ORs) for adverse pregnancy ...

Hypospadias (a urethral orifice located along the ventral side of the penis) and cryptorchidism (failure of the testes to descend into the scrotal sacs) are the 2 most common congenital malformations in males, affecting 0.3%-0.7% and 2%-4%, respectively, at birth. To study the association of CAG/GGN trinucleotide repeats in the ...

Maternal smoking during pregnancy inhibits fetal growth, and is a major cause of childhood and adult morbidity, including increased risks of cardiovascular disease and diabetes. However, the use of birthweight as a proxy for future smoking-related morbidity is hindered by its wide variability, suggesting a role for other birthweight-modifying factors. ...

BACKGROUND: Smoking during pregnancy has been suggested to have long-term consequences for neuropsychologic development in the offspring, including behavioral problems, attention deficit disorders, and antisocial behavior. Also, findings from several studies indicate an association with impaired cognitive function in the children. METHODS: In a population-based Swedish cohort study, we examined ...

BACKGROUND: Numerous studies have reported that maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy is related to lower IQ scores in the offspring. Confounding is a crucial issue in interpreting this association. METHODS: In the US National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979, IQ was ascertained serially during childhood using the Peabody Individual Achievement ...

To describe obstetrician-gynecologists' opinions of preconception care (PCC) and ascertain patient uptake for this service. A questionnaire was mailed to 1105 ACOG members in August 2004. There was a 60% response rate. Most physicians think PCC is important (87%) and almost always recommend it to women planning a pregnancy (94%); ...

Vaccination against nicotine to elicit the production of nicotine-specific antibodies is a potential treatment for tobacco addiction which reduces nicotine distribution from serum to brain. Vaccination of pregnant rats also reduces the distribution of maternally-administered nicotine to the fetal brain. Whether this is due to maternal antibody reducing the transfer ...

Factors associated with full breastfeeding (FBF) at 1 week and at 6 months postpartum were examined in a cohort of 856 mother-infant dyads. Questionnaires were mailed at 4 time points over the first 6 months postpartum. At 1 week, 68% of infants were FBF; at 6 months, 23% were FBF. ...

Although smoking during pregnancy is a major risk factor for preterm delivery, the underlying mechanism by which smoking stimulates uterine contractions is still poorly understood. In the present study, we tried to clarify the effects of smoking on myometrial contractility induced by oxytocin (OT) using cigarette smoke extract (CSE). Myometrial ...

Up to 20% of pregnant women smoke and there is indirect evidence that certain tobacco-specific metabolites can cross the placental barrier and are genotoxic to the fetus. The presence of micronuclei results from chromosome damage and reflects the degree of underlying genetic instability. Fetal blood was obtained from the cord ...

OBJECTIVE: In order to evaluate the impact of maternal smoking on arterial stiffness in utero, pulse wave characteristics in the fetal aorta were investigated. A prospective clinical study was made of 34 smoking and 34 non-smoking healthy volunteers with uncomplicated pregnancies at 31-40 weeks of gestation. METHODS: The mechanical properties ...

Indoor/outdoor measurements have been performed in the Oslo metropolitan area during summer and winter periods (2002-2003) at two different residential houses. The objective of the measurement study was to characterize, physically and chemically, the particulate matter (PM) and gaseous pollutants associated with actual human exposure in the selected places, and ...

No human data, investigating the effects on the fetus of diving, have been published since 1989. We investigated any potential link between diving while pregnant and fetal abnormalities by evaluating field data from retrospective study No.1 (1990/2) and prospective study No.2 (1996/2000). Some 129 women reported 157 pregnancies over 1,465 ...

PURPOSE: Recent studies have demonstrated a high prevalence of cryptorchidism, decreasing semen quality and increasing incidence of testicular cancer. These changes seem to be interrelated, and may be symptoms of a common underlying entity with foundations in fetal life. We investigated the influence of maternal smoking on fertility status in ...

BACKGROUND: The human androgen receptor (AR) gene contains two polymorphisms of CAG and GGN repeats respectively. The GGN repeat function is still largely unknown and to date there are no in vivo data on this segment with respect to the general population. METHODS: We investigated the impact of CAG and ...

Enzymatic starch granule hydrolysis is one of the most important reactions in many industrial processes. In this study, we investigated the capacity of sedimentation field flow fractionation (SdFFF) to monitor the amylolysis of a bimodal starch population: native wheat starch. Results demonstrated a correlation between fractogram changes and enzymatic hydrolysis. ...

OBJECTIVE: Rates of cigarette smoking are higher among women who receive obstetric care through publicly funded prenatal clinics. This study compared smoking outcomes for pregnant women (n=105) who were randomized to receive either usual care (standard cessation advice from the health care provider) or an intervention conducted in the prenatal ...

BACKGROUND: Cigarette smoking is widely believed to be associated with decreased fecundity in naturally conceiving populations; however, the effect of female smoking on pregnancy outcomes in patients undergoing IVF is unclear. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 389 consecutive patients undergoing first cycle IVF was performed. Outcomes of peak estradiol (E(2)) ...

OBJECTIVE: To examine sociodemographic, medical, and substance use factors associated with smoking continuation during pregnancy. METHODS: Data from 221 consecutive prenatal patients were analyzed. RESULTS: Of the 67% who were pre-pregnancy smokers (n=148), 27% quit during pregnancy, whereas another 43% reduced by > 1/4 pack/day. Women who continued to smoke ...

AIM: To define the risk factors in gallstone and sludge formation, and to investigate the incidence of gallstone and biliary sludge formation during pregnancy in a group of healthy pregnant women. METHODS: Sixty-nine healthy pregnant women in early gestation and 28 nulliparous healthy controls were enrolled. Gallbladder volumes, gallbladder ejection ...

This study was conducted to assess the clinical efficacy and adverse effects of pilocarpine, bethanechol and cevimeline in patients with xerostomia. In this open-label crossover assessment in 20 patients with xerostomia, a one- to two-week course of each medication with a one-week washout period was prescribed. Side effects, symptoms, whole ...

The objective of this study was to examine the association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and offspring height and its components. The analysis was based on 6,340 white singletons born in 1991-1992 and enrolled in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), who had maternal smoking data recorded ...

OBJECTIVE: Reducing tobacco use in pregnancy is a public health priority. Brief smoking counseling during prenatal care is effective but generates modest cessation rates. Telephone counseling is an effective smoking cessation method that could offer pregnant women convenient access to more intensive smoking cessation counseling. METHODS: The efficacy of proactive ...

OBJECTIVES: Maternal smoking during pregnancy is linked to high fetal testosterone (FT), and an increased risk in offspring for autism, ADHD, conduct disorder, antisocial behaviour and criminal outcomes. The ratio of the length of the 2nd and 4th fingers (2D:4D) is thought to be negatively related to FT concentration, and ...

OBJECTIVE: Studying smokers with normal spirometry requires monitoring tools of the peripheral lung. A validated multiple breath washout technique was used to assess possible recovery of smoking-induced small airway malfunction in acinar and conductive lung zones. METHODS: Eighty-seven smokers with a smoking history of at least 10 pack-years but absence ...

INTRODUCTION: We investigated the sex-specific risk of maternal smoking during pregnancy on the birth weight and the proportion of small-for-gestational-age (SGA) newborns in 888,632 (49.9%) of 1,815,318 singleton births (ca. 80% of all singleton births in Germany from 1995 to 1997) in whom data on maternal cigarette consumption were available. ...

The authors used a population-based birth cohort of 3,253 children (52% males) born in Brisbane, Australia, between 1981 and 1984 to prospectively examine whether maternal smoking during pregnancy was associated with offspring overweight and obesity. The authors compared mean body mass indexes (weight (kg)/height (m)2) and levels of overweight and ...

OBJECTIVE: To assess the influence of socio-economic status on pregnancy outcomes in smoking mothers. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective analysis. METHODS: Parent-completed questionnaires addressing pregnancy smoking patterns and birth outcomes. Were distributed via children aged 5-11 years attending 10 primary schools in Merseyside. Data from three community-based cross-sectional surveys undertaken in 1993, ...

PURPOSE: To describe the pharmacist counselling without dispensing and to analysed the characteristics of pharmacies and pharmacists that provide this type of counselling, and the characteristics of customers that receive it to a greater extent. METHODS: We carried out a cohort study on a sample of 166 pharmacists in North ...

Rural residents can be exposed to agricultural pesticides through the proximity of their homes to crop fields. Previously, we developed a method to create historical crop maps using a geographic information system. The aim of the present study was to determine whether crop maps are useful for predicting levels of ...

Pseudo-Bartter syndrome presents the same clinical and biological characteristics as Bartter syndrome but without primary renal tubule abnormalities. We relate the case of a premature baby presenting at birth with severe hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis associated with hyponatremia and hypochloremia. Maternal blood at the time of delivery showed the same electrolyte ...

To measure the impact on the dengue vector population (Aedes aegypti) and disease transmission of window curtains and water container covers treated with insecticide. Cluster randomised controlled trial based on entomological surveys and, for Trujillo only, serological survey. In addition, each site had a non-randomised external control. 18 urban sectors ...

Inflammatory conditions that may require the use of a tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) antagonist often involve women of child-bearing age. TNF-a antagonists are presumed to be safe in pregnancy based on animal data. However, this has never been formally studied in prospective trials involving humans. We describe a patient with ...

OBJECTIVE: To assess age of smoking onset as a predictor of smoking cessation during pregnancy. METHODS: Multivariate logistic regression analysis of cross-sectional data for 35,687 women 15-34 years old from the 2000 and 2001 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse. RESULTS: Pregnant women (1805) were twice as likely to abstain ...

The Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM) Hispanic data set was analyzed to determine the diversity, phylogeny, and relevant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that describe haplogroup patterns for Hispanic Americans (N=686), and to assess the degree of admixture regarding mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). The largest component of admixture based ...