Fertility rates, pregnancy, and maternal outcomes are not well described among women with a functioning kidney transplant. Using data from the Australian and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry, we analyzed 40 yr of pregnancy-related outcomes for transplant recipients. This analysis included 444 live births reported from 577 pregnancies; the ...

OBJECTIVES: Radiation-induced cytogenetic damage in somatic cells has raised concern that low-dose ionising radiation can also damage germ cells and influence gamete production and/or function, resulting in decreased fertility. Time to pregnancy (TTP) was used to investigate whether exposure to gamma-radiation affected fertility among the residents of cobalt-60-contaminated buildings in ...

The purpose of this paper was to compare the efficacy of a single dose of 3 g of fosfomycin to that of a 7-day regimen of amoxicillin-clavulanate in the treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria during pregnancy. A randomised, prospective, interventional, analytical, longitudinal study was undertaken, in which the efficacy of two ...

To investigate if maternal diet during pregnancy is associated with occurrence of islet autoimmunity (IA) in the offspring. Of 21 700 infants invited to the All Babies in South-east Sweden (ABIS) study, 16 004 screening questionnaires, including a 22-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) regarding the mothers' diet during pregnancy, were ...

BACKGROUND: Prenatal stress affects immunocompetence in offspring, although the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. OBJECTIVE: We sought to examine associations between maternal lifetime interpersonal trauma (IPT) and cord blood total IgE levels in a sample of urban newborns (n = 478). METHODS: Maternal IPT during childhood and adolescence (birth ...

The authors examined the association of gestational hypertensive disorders (hypertension, preeclampsia, eclampsia) with adult cognitive function among men born in 1978-1983 in a well-defined geographic area of northern Denmark. Data from the Danish Medical Birth Registry, the Danish National Registry of Patients, and draft board records were linked. Cognitive function ...

Previously, we reported that insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I during early pregnancy is positively associated with maternal risk of breast cancer. To further explore this association, we designed a new study limited to women who donated a blood sample during their first pregnancy ending with childbirth. A case-control study was nested ...

BACKGROUND: There is still uncertainty about the management of pregnant women exposed to immunomodulatory therapy for treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) in pregnancy. OBJECTIVE: To assess the safety of interferon (IFN)-beta1a, IFN-beta1b, and glatiramer acetate (GA) for treatment of MS during pregnancy. METHODS: A prospective observational cohort study was performed ...

BACKGROUND: Studies suggest that the neighbourhoods in which people live influence their health. The main objective of this study was to investigate the associations of neighbourhood-level income and unemployment/social security benefit on pregnancy outcomes: preterm delivery, small for gestational age (SGA), pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) and miscarriage/perinatal death in Amsterdam. METHODS: ...

OBJECTIVES: Screening studies for trisomy 21 demonstrate that low maternal serum pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) at 11-13 weeks' gestation is associated with stillbirth, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and pre-eclampsia in chromosomally normal fetuses. However, the strength of these associations is too weak to justify screening for these placental insufficiency syndromes. ...

BACKGROUND: It is known that onset of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is increased post partum. OBJECTIVE: To compare incidence rates between RA and other chronic arthritides (OCA) 0-24 months after delivery, and to compare the incidence rates within each group 0-24 versus 25-48 months post partum. METHODS: Premenopausal women from a ...

Studies on maternal seafood consumption during pregnancy and the risk of small for gestational age (SGA) births have yielded inconsistent results. As few studies have examined associations with specific seafood subtypes or accounted simultaneously for exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs), it is uncertain to what extent intakes of seafood ...

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have suggested that assisted reproduction technology (ART) is associated with increased risk of breech presentation. We investigated whether factors that tend to differ between ART and spontaneously conceived pregnancies may explain the higher risk of breech deliveries associated with ART. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this population-based cohort ...

The authors examined the association of serum perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) with self-reported pregnancy outcome in Mid-Ohio Valley residents (2000-2006) highly exposed to PFOA. Data on 1,845 pregnancies within the 5 years preceding exposure measurement were analyzed for PFOA, and data on 5,262 pregnancies were analyzed for ...

OBJECTIVE: We sought to examine the association between first-pregnancy stillbirth and subsequent adverse perinatal outcomes. STUDY DESIGN: This cohort study examined the first 2 singleton deliveries at 20-44 weeks' gestation from 1991-2008 (n = 71,315) using birth certificate, hospitalization, and outpatient encounter files. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to ...

Deprivation is associated with poor pregnancy outcome but the role of nutrition as a mediating factor is not well understood. We carried out a prospective cohort study of 1461 singleton pregnancies in Aberdeen, UK during 2000-6. We measured nutrient intake and supplement use, B vitamin and homocysteine status, birth weight, ...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate healthcare utilisation by children who were exposed to antidepressant drug use during pregnancy and those whose mothers stopped using antidepressants before pregnancy compared with a control group. DESIGN: Cohort study. Setting Health insurance records in the Netherlands. POPULATION: A total of 38 602 children born between 2000 ...

The purpose of this study was to determine the contribution of randomization to nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), sociodemographic and psychosocial factors, and pregnancy and medical history to serious perinatal adverse events among pregnant smokers. We performed a retrospective review of all medical records for participants in the Baby Steps Trial. ...

OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to investigate the association between the discontinuation of antihypertensive medication use during the first trimester of pregnancy and the risk of preeclampsia and eclampsia. STUDY DESIGN: We conducted a nested case-control approach within a cohort that was reconstructed from the linkage of 3 ...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the maternal and pregnancy characteristics that independently predict successful induction of labor, defined as vaginal delivery. METHODS: The study was a secondary analysis of the data collected during the Misoprostol Vaginal Insert Trial, a multisite, double-blind, randomized trial of women requiring cervical ripening before induction of labor. ...

OBJECTIVE: We examined the relationship between the time of recognition of pregnancy and birth outcomes, such as premature births, low birthweight (LBW), admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), and infant mortality. STUDY DESIGN: A secondary analysis was performed using the Pregnancy Risk Assessment and Monitoring System (PRAMS) multistate ...

OBJECTIVE: The Antiretroviral Pregnancy Registry was established in 1989 to collect data on birth defects after pregnancy exposures to antiretroviral therapy. Using Registry data, this study estimates the birth defect risk after pregnancy exposures to lopinavir/ritonavir. METHODS: The analysis population includes all prospective lopinavir/ritonavir-exposed pregnancies enrolled in the Registry from ...

OBJECTIVE: To assess whether seizures in women with epilepsy during pregnancy contribute to adverse pregnancy outcomes. DESIGN: A retrospective cross-sectional study. SETTING: Taiwan. Patients This study linked 2 nationwide population-based data sets: Taiwan's birth certificate registry and the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Data set. A total of 1016 women ...

Obesity is associated with systemic inflammation, immunological changes, increased risk of respiratory infections and chronic respiratory illness. Maternal obesity in pregnancy increases the risk of pregnancy complications, caesarean sections and adverse birth outcomes, which have in turn been associated with respiratory illness in children. To our knowledge, the possible influence ...

Maternal anaemia is a common pregnancy complication in developing countries; however, its epidemiology remains largely unexplored in China. This study was designed to explore the epidemiology and risk factors of anaemia during pregnancy. A prospective cohort study was conducted, using data from a population-based pregnancy-monitoring system in 13 counties in ...

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the frequency of, and to identify risk factors for, pregnancy-associated venous thromboembolism (VTE), including deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) requiring hospitalization. METHODS: We conducted a population-based cohort study (N = 3 852 569) using the Discharge Abstract Database of the Canadian Institute for Health ...

Hypnosis during pregnancy and childbirth has been shown to reduce labor analgesia use and other medical interventions. We aimed to investigate whether there was a difference in hypnotizability in pregnant and nonpregnant women. Study participants had hypnotizability measured by the Creative Imagination Scale (CIS) in the third trimester of pregnancy ...

BACKGROUND: Maternal caffeine consumption during pregnancy may have adverse effects on fetal, neonatal and maternal outcomes. OBJECTIVES: This review investigates the effects of restricting caffeine intake by mothers on fetal, neonatal and pregnancy outcomes. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Child birth Group's Trials Register (December 2008), scanned ...

Although birth cohort studies can stand on their own, there are a number of different types of sub-studies that can add value to the overall project. These can be summarised within four main categories: (A) more detailed observations of relatively small subgroups aimed at describing mechanisms and processes; (B) nested ...

Information on patterns and correlates of residential mobility can be important in studies of environmental factors and birth outcomes. The objective of this study was to describe residential mobility patterns and possible sociodemographic correlates of residential mobility among pregnant women. We obtained information on 656 mothers of infants with birth ...

BACKGROUND: Azathioprine (AZA) is used during pregnancy by women with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), other autoimmune disorders, malignancy, and organ transplantation. Previous studies have demonstrated potential risks. METHODS: The Swedish Medical Birth Register was used to identify 476 women who reported the use of AZA in early pregnancy. The effect ...

The objectives of this study were (1) to investigate the incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes among the epileptic and general populations, including small for gestational age (SGA), low birth weight (LBW) and preterm delivery, using two large-scale nationwide population-based databases, and (2) to compare the risk of these adverse pregnancy ...

We sought to identify whether schizophrenia during pregnancy is associated with adverse perinatal outcomes. A population-based study comparing women with and without schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorders was performed. Stratified analysis using multiple logistic regression models was performed to control for confounders. During the study period, there were 186,554 deliveries, of ...

Maternal vitamin D status in pregnancy has been postulated to have important effects on intrauterine development. UVB radiation is not commonly measured but is the prime determinant of circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin-D [25-(OH)D] and is highly dependent on regional weather including cloud cover, ozone and sunshine hours. Using linear regression we described ...

BACKGROUND: Whether the addition of growth hormone (GH) can improve the probability of pregnancy in poor responders undergoing ovarian stimulation for in-vitro fertilization (IVF) has been examined to date by several underpowered studies, which have not provided solid conclusions. METHODS: A computerized literature search in MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL and randomized ...

Preeclampsia is a major complication of pregnancy that can lead to substantial maternal and perinatal morbidity, mortality, and preterm birth. Increasing evidence suggests that air pollution adversely affects pregnancy outcomes. Yet few studies have examined how local traffic-generated emissions affect preeclampsia in addition to preterm birth. We examined effects of ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine if adverse pregnancy outcomes are associated with atherothrombotic occlusive vascular disease (AOVD) in premenopausal women. DESIGN: Retrospective matched case-control study. SETTING: Tertiary, university-affiliated medical center. POPULATION: Women aged less than 50 years treated for an AOVD (primary cerebrovascular, myocardial, or peripheral arterial ischemic event) from 1995 to ...

OBJECTIVE: To identify risk factors for Rhesus D (RhD) immunisation in pregnancy, despite adequate antenatal and postnatal anti-D prophylaxis in the previous pregnancy. To generate evidence for improved primary prevention by extra administration of anti-D Ig in the presence of a risk factor. DESIGN: Case-control study. SETTING: Nation-wide evaluation of ...

OBJECTIVE: Case reports have described associations between calcium metabolism disturbances and primary hyperparathyroidism with preeclampsia, suggesting parathyroid involvement in preeclampsia etiology. This study examines whether parathyroid adenoma, the main cause of hyperparathyroidism, diagnosed and treated before pregnancy is associated with preeclampsia. DESIGN: We conducted a register-based study to assess the ...

According to the leading hypothesis on testicular cancer (TC) etiology exposure to a specific pattern of steroid hormones in utero, in particular, to high levels of estrogens and low levels of androgens is the major determinant of TC risk in the offspring. We performed a case-referent study nested within Finnish, ...

BACKGROUND: In various countries, metoclopramide is the antiemetic drug of choice in pregnant women, but insufficient information exists regarding its safety in pregnancy. METHODS: We investigated the safety of metoclopramide use during the first trimester of pregnancy by linking a computerized database of medications dispensed between January 1, 1998, and ...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of maternal body mass index (BMI) on minor complications, associated additional medication use during pregnancy and the consequent cost implications. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of case notes. SETTING: Labour wards, tertiary referral hospital, Royal Infirmary Edinburgh, UK. Population Six hundred and fifty-one women with a singleton ...

BACKGROUND: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, including pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) and preeclampsia (PE), complicate 2-8% of pregnancies. Few studies have examined environmental risk factors in relation to these conditions. OBJECTIVES: Our goal was to examine whether pesticide exposure during pregnancy was associated with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. METHODS: We analyzed self-reported ...

OBJECTIVE: To clarify the obstetric consequences in a second pregnancy after a first singleton pregnancy complicated by spontaneous preterm delivery or preeclampsia and stratified by the variation in fetal growth. METHODS: In a registry-based cohort study, we identified women having a first and second singleton delivery in Denmark from 1978 ...

OBJECTIVES: To test whether HLA-DR4 acts in the mother, possibly during pregnancy, to contribute to the phenotype of autistic disorder in her fetus. DESIGN: Transmission disequilibrium testing in case mothers and maternal grandparents. SETTING: Previous studies have consistently shown increased frequency of HLA-DR4 in probands with autism and their mothers, ...

Maternal diet may influence outcomes of pregnancy and childhood, but data on correlates of food and nutrient intake during pregnancy are scarce. To examine relationships between maternal characteristics and diet quality during the first trimester of pregnancy. Secondarily we examined associations of diet quality with pregnancy outcomes. As part of ...

BACKGROUND: In order for individual health institutions in Nigeria to contribute towards the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals (MDG) with regards to maternal health, there is need for research on the local causes of and factors influencing adverse maternal outcomes. This would enable care providers and policy makers appreciate ...

To estimate the prevalence of common mental disorders (CMD) and factors associated with these disorders among pregnant women of low socio-economic status (SES) in S??o Paulo. We performed a cross-sectional study with 831 women in their 20th to 30th weeks of pregnancy, who were attending antenatal clinics in primary care ...

OBJECTIVE: Occasionally, either for urgent diagnostic reasons or by accident, pregnant women are exposed to technetium scintigraphy, the consequences of which were unknown, due to lack of systematic data. Therefore, clinical data was needed to assess the risk and safety of technetium scintigraphy with respect to prenatal development. METHODOLOGY: Requests ...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of underweight, overweight, and obesity on the risk of miscarriage in the subsequent pregnancy in women with recurrent miscarriage. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from the database of a tertiary recurrent miscarriage center. SETTING: The recurrent miscarriage clinic at Sheffield Teaching Hospitals. PATIENT(S): ...