Intrauterine insemination (IUI) is a recommended treatment for unexplained subfertility. The treatment involves the direct delivery of spermatozoa into the uterus using a catheter. Many factors influence the success of IUI treatments including the type of catheter used. To compare pregnancy-related outcomes from women undergoing intrauterine insemination cycles performed with ...

BACKGROUND: Higher risks of preterm birth and small for gestational age babies have been reported in teenagers. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between first and second teenage pregnancies and preterm birth, birthweight and small for gestational age (SGA). METHODS: All women aged 14 to 29 ...

BACKGROUND: Maternal exposure to air pollution has been related to fetal growth in a number of recent scientific studies. The objective of this study was to assess the association between exposure to air pollution during pregnancy and anthropometric measures at birth in a cohort in Valencia, Spain. METHODS: Seven hundred ...

The objective of this study was to determine whether delaying attempts to conceive after surgery for endometriosis impacts on reproductive prognosis. Patients operated on for endometriosis who were not seeking pregnancy at the time of surgery were selected (n=124) from a large survey regarding reproductive outcome of women with the ...

OBJECTIVE: We review available safety data for use of currently approved tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors during pregnancy and lactation and suggest guidelines for use of these agents among women of reproductive age. Method. Although regulatory agencies encourage the inclusion of pregnant women and those of child-bearing age in randomized ...

The aim of this randomized double-blind placebo-controlled pilot study was to evaluate N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) as an adjunctive therapy following unilateral laparoscopic ovarian drilling (LOD) for clomiphene citrate-resistant women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). A total of 60 patients with clomiphene citrate-resistant PCOS who underwent unilateral LOD were assigned randomly to ...

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate whether working as a daycare employee increases the risk of perinatal death, pre-term birth, low birth weight, smallness for gestational age, or congenital malformations. METHODS: We conducted a register-based cohort study among daycare employees and women from various occupations of healthcare ...

OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to estimate the maternal and neonatal morbidities associated with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in pregnancy. STUDY DESIGN: Women delivering between 2000-2008 with confirmed OSA in an academic center were included. Normal-weight and obese controls were randomly selected at a 2:1 ratio. Maternal and ...

Births with known time to pregnancy (TTP) during the period 1989-2007 (n=17,114) were analyzed to investigate associations between TTP and pregnancy outcome among couples that conceived spontaneously. The adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for poor neonatal health, including low Apgar score, low umbilical vein pH, and need for neonatal ...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the pregnancy and delivery outcome of robot-assisted tubal reanastomosis. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: University hospital. PATIENT(S): Ninety-seven patients with available follow-up who underwent the reversal of tubal ligation, with a median age of 37 years (range, 24-47 years). INTERVENTION(S): Tubal reanastomosis by robot-assisted laparoscopy. MAIN OUTCOME ...

The effects of DNA repair and transcription gene abnormalities in human pre-natal life have never been studied. Trichothiodystrophy (TTD) is a rare (affected frequency of 10(-6)) recessive disorder caused by mutations in genes involved in nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway and in transcription. Based on our novel clinical observations, we ...

To examine the effect of maternal diet during pregnancy on allergic sensitization in the offspring by 5 yrs of age. The Finnish type 1 Diabetes Prediction and Prevention Nutrition Study. A population-based cohort study with 5-yr follow-up. A total of 931 children with human leukocyte antigen-conferred susceptibility to type 1 ...

Minority women are more likely than white women to choose tubal sterilization as a contraceptive method. Disparities in rates of unintended pregnancy may help explain observed racial/ethnic differences in sterilization, but this association has not been investigated. To examine the associations among race/ethnicity, unintended pregnancy, and tubal sterilization. Cross-sectional analysis ...

To compare the incidence of antenatal and intrapartum complications and perinatal outcomes among women who had delivered five or more times (grandmultiparous) with those of age-matched controls who had delivered two to four times (multiparous). A case-control study. A tertiary referral hospital in Aba, Nigeria. Seven hundred and thirty-four grandmultiparous ...

OBJECTIVES: This study explored the relationships of employment status, type of unemployment and number of weekly working hours, with a wide range of pregnancy outcomes. METHODS: Information on employment characteristics and pregnancy outcomes was available for 6111 pregnant women enrolled in a population-based cohort study in the Netherlands. RESULTS: After ...

AIM: The objective of the present study was to determine whether or not maternal metabolic syndrome in early pregnancy in women without previous diabetes is associated with the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). METHODS: A total of 508 women from the Rhea study-involving a pregnant cohort in Crete, Greece ...

OBJECTIVE: To better describe the safety profile of pregnancy exposures to the human papillomavirus (HPV) type 6/11/16/18 vaccine by acquiring and analyzing postmarketing data on pregnancy outcomes (ie, live births, abortions, fetal deaths, and congenital anomalies). METHODS: Enrollment criteria included an identifiable patient and health care provider from the United ...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether treating periodontal disease prevents preterm birth and other major complications of pregnancy. METHODS: This single-center trial was conducted across six obstetric sites in metropolitan Perth, Western Australia. Pregnant women identified by history to be at risk (n=3,737) were examined for periodontal disease. Approximately 1,000 women with ...

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of an echogenic intracardiac focus (EIF) on the risk for fetal trisomy 21 (T21) in populations with differing prevalence of T21. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study of pregnancies presenting to our prenatal ultrasound units over 16 years (1990-2006) was ...

Multiple micronutrient deficiencies are common among women in low-income countries and may adversely affect pregnancy outcomes. To conduct a meta-analysis of the effects on stillbirths and on early and late neonatal mortality of supplementation during pregnancy with multiple micronutrients compared with iron-folic acid in recent randomized, controlled trials. Twelve randomized, ...

OBJECTIVE: To estimate whether a history of fetal growth restriction, abruptio placentae, preeclampsia, or live preterm birth is associated with excess risk of stillbirth in a subsequent pregnancy. We also estimated the maternal and paternal contributions to such effects. METHODS: This was a population-based cohort study from 1967 to 2005. ...

Multiple micronutrient deficiencies are common among women in low-income countries and may adversely affect pregnancy outcomes. This meta-analysis reports the effects on newborn size and duration of gestation of multiple micronutrient supplementation mainly compared with iron plus folic acid during pregnancy in recent randomized, controlled trials. Original data from 12 ...

AIM: In our study an attempt has been made to find the prevalence of genetic thrombophilia in recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). METHODS: Methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase C677 (MTHFR C677T) and factor V Leiden (FVL) were investigated in 84 Rajput women with two or more pregnancy losses and in 80 age- and ...

* Previous studies have suggested a tendency of antifolate drugs to be associated with higher rates of neural tube defects. * This study makes use of the data on abortuses, which is missed in many other studies. In this case, the abortion data were critical. * The study documents that ...

OBJECTIVE: To assess whether work as a nurse and a midwife during pregnancy increases the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. METHODS: We identified from the 1990-2006 Finnish Medical Birth Registry all singleton births to nurses (n=109,542), midwives (n=3,009), and teachers (n=23,454) (referents). The main outcomes were sexual differentiation, low and ...

Little is known about factors associated with migraine pharmacotherapy during pregnancy. Of 60 435 pregnant women in a population-based cohort, 3480 (5.8%) reported having migraine during the first 5 months of pregnancy. Of these, 2525 (72.6%) reported using migraine pharmacotherapy, mostly non-narcotic analgesics (54.1%) and triptans (25.4%). After adjustment for ...

Embryo cryopreservation is an important aspect of assisted reproduction. Many methods have been described, but they have been poorly investigated in randomized trials, highlighting the need for a systematic review of the literature. Meticulous electronic/hand searches were performed to locate randomized trials (RCT) comparing embryo cryopreservation methods. Primary outcomes were ...

BACKGROUND: Threatened miscarriage is a common complication in the first trimester of pregnancy and is often associated with anxiety regarding pregnancy outcome. OBJECTIVE: We undertook a systematic review to explore the effects of threatened miscarriage in the first trimester on maternal and perinatal outcomes. SEARCH STRATEGY: An electronic literature search ...

STUDY OBJECTIVE: We assess performance and explore definitions for a new emergency department (ED) quality measure: the proportion of women aged 14 to 50 years who have abdominal pain and receive pregnancy testing (aimed at detecting ectopic pregnancy). METHODS: We analyzed data from the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey ...

BACKGROUND: There is disagreement regarding whether Lyme borreliosis is associated with adverse pregnancy outcome. METHODS: We performed a review of the data from 95 women with Lyme borreliosis during pregnancy, evaluated at the Center for Tick-borne Diseases, Budapest over the past 22 years. RESULTS: Treatment was administered parenterally to 66 ...

BACKGROUND: The increased risk of a trisomic pregnancy with a woman's age arises from an increased rate of meiotic non-disjunction in the oocytes. It has been hypothesized that the increase in meiotic errors is related to the decreasing number of oocytes with age. Our aim was to assess the relation ...

BACKGROUND: The influence of fibroids on fertility is poorly understood. Submucosal and intramural fibroids that distort the endometrial cavity have been associated with decreased pregnancy rates (PRs) following IVF treatment. However, there is uncertainty about the effect of intramural fibroids that do not distort the endometrial cavity on IVF outcomes. ...

Maternal perception of decreased fetal movements (DFM) is associated with increased incidence of stillbirth and intrauterine growth restriction. We hypothesised that clinical assessment of women perceiving DFM may identify patients at highest risk of poor perinatal outcome. This was a retrospective study of 203 patients presenting to the obstetric triage ...

OBJECTIVE: To examine reproductive outcomes among flight crew. METHODS: Ten thousand two hundred five flight crew members and a control group of 2118 air traffic control officers completed a questionnaire in 2001 to 2004, United Kingdom. RESULTS: Similar proportions of flight crew and air traffic control officers reported having ever ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome postpartum in women with a history of pregnancy complicated by early-onset vascular disorders compared with women with late-onset disorders. METHODS: In this retrospective cohort study 849 women with a history of pregnancy complicated by vascular disorders (preeclampsia; gestational hypertension; hemolysis, elevated ...

OBJECTIVE: To identify potential risk factors associated with a sudden increase in gastroschisis cases in northern Nevada. DESIGN: Case-control study. SETTING: Medical centers and a pregnancy care center in Reno, Nevada. PARTICIPANTS: Participants (n = 14) were women who gave birth to infants with gastroschisis at either of the 2 ...

This study aimed to investigate the effect of the timing, dose, and source of folate during pregnancy on childhood asthma by using data from an Australian prospective birth cohort study (n = 557) from 1998 to 2005. At 3.5 years and 5.5 years, 490 and 423 mothers and children participated ...

BACKGROUND: The outcomes of pregnancy in patients with cirrhosis are poorly described. Our objective was to assess obstetric outcomes in cirrhotic women and their infants from a population-based perspective. METHODS: We analysed the 1993-2005 US Nationwide Inpatient Sample database to identify obstetric hospitalizations among patients with cirrhosis (n=339) and controls ...

BACKGROUND: The reasons for increased birth defect prevalence following in-vitro fertilization (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) are largely unknown. Classification of birth defects by pathology rather than organ system, and examination of the role of embryo freezing and thawing may provide clues to the mechanisms involved. This study aimed ...

The present prospective study examined the association between maternal consumption of dairy products, calcium, and vitamin D during pregnancy and the risk of wheeze and eczema in the infants aged 16-24 months. Subjects were 763 Japanese mother-child pairs. Data on maternal intake during pregnancy were assessed with a diet history ...

Few studies have examined associations of prepregnancy urinary incontinence (UI). Multicentre prospective pregnancy cohort study (n = 1,507) using standardised measures to assess frequency and severity of UI. Prevalence of UI increased from 10.8% in the 12 months before the index pregnancy to 55.9% in the third trimester. Stress incontinence ...

BACKGROUND: Pregnancy rates cannot be used reliably for comparison of IVF clinic performance because of differences in patients between clinics. We investigate if differences in pregnancy chance between IVF centres remain after adjustment for patient mix. METHODS: We prospectively collected IVF and ICSI treatment data from 11 out of 13 ...

INTRODUCTION: Stillbirth is a relatively uncommon pregnancy complication in developed countries yet causing strong emotional burden. Thrombophilia has been associated with stillbirth but population-based studies are few. We assessed selected genetic and acquired parameters for the risk of unexplained stillbirth, including FV Leiden. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a population-based ...

Periconception folic acid supplementation may influence early placentation processes and thereby the occurrence of hypertensive pregnancy disorders. For this reason we examined the associations between periconception folic acid supplementation and uteroplacental vascular resistance, blood pressure, and the risks of gestational hypertension and preeclampsia, in 5993 pregnant women, participating in a ...

To monitor for a signal of major teratogenicity by determining the risk of all major defects following in utero exposure to sumatriptan and naratriptan. To monitor for unusual patterns of birth defects that might suggest teratogenicity. The prevalence of migraine is highest in women of childbearing age. Coupled with the ...

Genetic factors could play an important role in the outcome of pregnancy. This study was carried out to identify risk factors that result in adverse pregnancy outcome and to develop a system of screening and referral to a tertiary hospital equipped with facilities for diagnosis and management of such high ...

Pregnancy is a high-risk event in women with essential thrombocythemia (ET). This observational study evaluated pregnancy outcome in ET patients focusing on the potential impact of aspirin (ASA) or interferon alpha (IFN) treatment during pregnancy. We retrospectively analyzed 122 pregnancies in 92 women consecutively observed in the last 10 years ...

BACKGROUND: Pregnancies with a macrosomic fetus comprise a subgroup of high-risk pregnancies. There is uncertainty in the clinical management and outcomes of such pregnancies. Aim: We sought to examine clinical management and maternal and fetal outcomes in pregnancies with macrosomic infants at Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital (RBWH). METHODS: Data ...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate some of the risk factors of complete molar pregnancy. STUDY DESIGN: A case-control study was performed on 91 cases of complete molar pregnancy (case group) and 295 cases of normal, term pregnancy with a live neonate (control group). Then the maternal age, parity and gravidity, blood group ...

OBJECTIVE: To estimate whether the use of specific types of assisted reproductive technology (ART) is associated with an increased risk of placenta-mediated pregnancy complications, which include preeclampsia, stillbirth, small for gestational age at birth, and placental abruption. METHODS: A population-based retrospective cohort study was conducted on singleton pregnancies conceived by ...