BACKGROUND: Only few data are available on pregnancy in patients with lupus nephritis (LN) diagnosed before conception. The aim of this study was to identify the risk factors for complicated pregnancy in women with pre-existing LN. METHODS: In a multicentre study, we collected data on 113 pregnancies occurring in 81 ...

OBJECTIVE: To assess the safety of calcium channel blockers during the first trimester of pregnancy. STUDY DESIGN: A multicenter (n=11), prospective observational study of the European Network of Teratology Information Services (ENTIS). The rate of major birth defects was compared between a cohort of pregnant women exposed to calcium channel ...

OBJECTIVE: To assess possible effects of a cesarean delivery on outcome in subsequent pregnancies. METHODS: Using an historical cohort design, we analyzed 637,497 first and second births among women with two or more single births and 242,812 first, second, and third births among women with three or more single births ...

Poor nutrition may be associated with mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV and other adverse pregnancy outcomes. The objective was to examine the relation of nutritional indicators with adverse pregnancy outcomes among HIV-infected women in Tanzania, Zambia, and Malawi. Body mass index (BMI; in kg/m(2)) and hemoglobin concentrations at enrollment and ...

OBJECTIVE: There is concern about the health of populations living close to nuclear waste reprocessing plants. A comparative study was conducted on reproductive life events in the general population living near the nuclear waste reprocessing plant in Beaumont-Hague, France and a reference area in Brittany. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Women ...

This study evaluated the association between use of misoprostol and other drugs to induce menstruation, and congenital anomalies. A sample of 4,856 pregnant women 20 years and older were enrolled consecutively in prenatal services in the Unified National Health System, in six Brazilian State capitals. Data on socio-demographics and use ...

OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to determine clinical characteristics including pregnancy and delivery outcome, among patients with face/brow presentation, and to investigate independent risk factors for these malpresentations. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study comparing all singleton pregnancies of patients with and without face/brow presentation. Deliveries occurred ...

We explored associations between intendedness of pregnancy with maternal prenatal behaviors, including smoking, use of alcohol, use of illicit drugs, and late initiation of prenatal care. Pregnant black women ages 18 years or older (N = 913) were enrolled in the study at their first visit to prenatal clinics in ...

Gestational hypertension (GHTN) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are both insulin resistance states. Perinatal outcome of GHTN or GDM alone are well established, but their combined effect on pregnancy outcome is underinvestigated. Our objective was to determine if pregnancies complicated by GHTN/GDM have higher rates of morbidity. We identified nulliparous ...

OBJECTIVES: Although nicotine replacement therapies (NRT) may assist with smoking cessation, little is known about the safety of NRT use during pregnancy. Our purpose was two-fold: to determine characteristics of women prescribed or recommended NRT during pregnancy and to investigate whether NRT prescription/recommendation was associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes using ...

OBJECTIVE: To assess the safety of cetirizine during pregnancy. STUDY DESIGN: A prospective observational cohort study with data of the Berlin teratology information center from 1992 until 2006. Pregnancy outcome was compared between a cohort of pregnant women exposed to cetirizine during the first trimester (n=196) and a control group ...

BACKGROUND: Preeclampsia is a major pregnancy complication with cardiovascular manifestations. Recent studies suggest that chocolate consumption may benefit cardiovascular health. METHODS: We studied the association of chocolate consumption with risk of preeclampsia in a prospective cohort study of 2291 pregnant women who delivered a singleton livebirth between September 1996 and ...

BACKGROUND: Antidepressant use during the gestational period is a controversial topic. AIMS: To determine whether duration of antidepressant use during the first trimester increases the risk of major congenital malformations in offspring of women diagnosed with psychiatric disorders. METHOD: A case-control study was performed among women who had been pregnant ...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate pregnancy outcome in women suffering from idiopathic vaginal bleeding (IVB) during the second half of pregnancy. METHODS: A comparison between patients admitted to the hospital due to bleeding during the second half of pregnancy and patients without bleeding was performed. Patients lacking prenatal care as well as ...

A large number of studies have identified a relationship between particulate matter air pollution and birthweight. Although reported associations are small and varied, they have been identified in studies from places around the world. Exposure assignment, covariates and study inclusion criteria vary among studies. To examine the effect of these ...

AIM: To study delivery outcome including presence of infant congenital malformations after maternal use of loperamide in early pregnancy. METHODS: Using the Swedish Medical Birth Register, women reporting the use of loperamide in early pregnancy were compared with other women for the period July 1, 1995-2004. Odds ratios (OR) or ...

INTRODUCTION: An imbalance between angiogenic and anti-angiogenic factors has been proposed as central to the pathophysiology of preeclampsia (PE). Indeed, patients with PE and those delivering small-for-gestational age (SGA) neonates have higher plasma concentrations of soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 (sVEGFR-1) and the soluble form of endoglin (s-Eng), as ...

We conducted a case-controlled retrospective cohort study of all pregnancies achieved with the help of assisted reproductive technology (ART) in the Assisted Conception Unit of the Royal Shrewsbury Hospital between September 1999 and March 2004 to assess if our experience was comparable with that reported in other studies. A total ...

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to compare obstetric and neonatal outcomes after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) to those in women without such surgery. METHODS: Women with RYGB (cases) were matched for maternal age and prior cesarean to the next two consecutive women delivering without prior bariatric surgery (controls). ...

BACKGROUND: Maternal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) is associated with increased proportions of spontaneous abortion and stillbirth in animal studies. In Japan in 1968, accidental human exposure to rice oil contaminated with PCBs and other dioxin-related compounds, such as polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), led to the development of what was later ...

BACKGROUND: Evidence suggests that air pollution exposure adversely affects pregnancy outcomes. Few studies have examined individual-level intraurban exposure contrasts. OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the impacts of air pollution on small for gestational age (SGA) birth weight, low full-term birth weight (LBW), and preterm birth using spatiotemporal exposure metrics. METHODS: With linked ...

BACKGROUND: This study was conducted to evaluate the long-term effectiveness of two insertions of quinacrine pellets for nonsurgical sterilization among women in northern Vietnam. STUDY DESIGN: Observational cohort study of 1335 women who received two quinacrine insertions between 1989 and 1993. RESULTS: About 90% of the study population participated in ...

BACKGROUND: Long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are thought to be important for fetal neurodevelopment. Animal studies suggest that a deficiency of omega-3 fatty acids may lead to behavioural or cognitive deficits. As oily fish is a major dietary source of omega-3 fatty acids, it is possible that low intake of ...

BACKGROUND: The purpose of the present systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine whether the probability of pregnancy is increased by adding estrogen to progesterone for luteal phase support in patients treated by in vitro fertilization (IVF). METHODS: A literature search covering MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, meeting proceedings and reference lists ...

BACKGROUND: Progestin-only injectable contraceptives continue to gain in popularity, but uncertainty remains about pregnancy risk among women late for reinjection. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends a "grace period" of 2 weeks after the scheduled 13-week reinjection. Beyond 2 weeks, however, many providers send late clients home to await menses. ...

RATIONALE: Maternal diet during pregnancy has the potential to affect airway development and to promote T-helper-2-cell responses during fetal life. This might increase the risk of developing childhood asthma or allergy. OBJECTIVES: We investigated the influence of maternal food consumption during pregnancy on childhood asthma outcomes from 1 to 8 ...

OBJECTIVES: Fluconazole is widely used for the treatment of candidiasis. Although the drug is also prescribed to pregnant women, data on the safety of use of fluconazole during pregnancy are limited. We examined the association between the maternal use of fluconazole during pregnancy and the risk of congenital malformations. PATIENTS ...

STUDY OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to determine fetal outcomes of women diagnosed with live intrauterine pregnancy after emergency department (ED) presentation for abdominopelvic pain or vaginal bleeding during the first trimester. METHODS: A retrospective medical record review of prospectively recorded data of consecutive ED charts from December ...

We examined the published relationship between uterine fibroids and reproductive outcomes. Submucosal fibroids had the strongest association with lower ongoing pregnancy rates, odds ratio, 0.5; 95% confidence interval, 0.3-0.8, primarily through decreased implantation. Cumulative pregnancy rates appeared slightly lower in patients with intramural fibroids 36.9% vs 41.1%, which may reflect ...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate immediate perinatal outcome of RhD-negative patients carrying RhD-positive fetuses who received antenatal Rh immunoglobulin for the prevention of RhD-mediated hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn. METHODS: A retrospective population-based analysis was conducted comparing pregnancies of all RhD-negative women who received antenatal Rh immunoglobulin prophylaxis (anti-D), to ...

OBJECTIVE: To update the state of evidence on the efficacy of metformin, used either alone or in combination with clomiphene citrate in women with polycystic ovary syndrome, by examining three outcomes: ovulation, pregnancy, and live birth. Sources of heterogeneity among the published randomized controlled trials are systematically assessed. DATA SOURCES: ...

A case-control study to investigate whether women employed in nickel-exposed work areas in early pregnancy are at elevated risk of spontaneous abortion (SA). Data about pregnancy outcome and maternal factors were obtained about each delivery and SA from women in selected work places. Each pregnancy record was assigned a categorical ...

BACKGROUND: A positive association between maternal occupational exposure to pesticide and spontaneous abortion has been reported in some studies. Work in greenhouses may imply exposure of pregnant women to pesticides continuously and at elevated level. METHODS: A total of 717 women working in greenhouses provided information on 973 pregnancies, including ...

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor in females. Many studies have been carried out in order to assess the reproductive risk factors. Particular attention has focused on information regarding fertility, including breastfeeding, age at first birth and number of live births. These factors are highly correlated with ...

OBJECTIVE: To analyse the association between fetal size at time of dating ultrasound and risk for preterm delivery and small-for-gestational-age (SGA) birth and to evaluate if timing of ultrasound, that is before 14 weeks of gestation or after 16 weeks affects this association. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: Ultrasound departments ...

OBJECTIVES: To determine the impact of pregnancy on the pharmacokinetics (PK) of nevirapine (NVP) during chronic dosing in HIV-infected women and appropriate NVP dosing in this population. METHODS: Twenty-six pregnant women participating in two open-label Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group studies (P1022 and P1026S) were evaluated. Each patient received 200 ...

OBJECTIVE: To examine the natural history of fetal position throughout pregnancy and the likelihood for nonvertex delivery. METHODS: We examined fetal positions at 15-22 weeks, at 31-35 weeks, and at delivery using data from the Routine Antenatal Diagnostic Imaging with Ultrasound trial. Characteristics of women with nonvertex and vertex presentation ...

BACKGROUND: Physiological and biochemical studies suggest that normal parturition at term is dependent on programmed development of the uterus in early pregnancy. It is recognized that a short cervix in mid-pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of spontaneous preterm birth. We hypothesized that a long cervix in mid-pregnancy would ...

BACKGROUND & AIMS: The aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic yield of capsule endoscopy (CE) with double-balloon enteroscopy (DBE) in small-bowel (SB) disease using meta-analysis. METHODS: We performed a search of studies comparing CE with DBE in SB disease. Data on diagnostic yield of CE and DBE ...

Pre-eclampsia (PE) is a leading cause of maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity. Structural or functional alterations of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-G present at the maternal-fetal interface may predispose women to PE. We tested the HLA-G gene for association with PE in a case-control study of 83 PE and 240 ...

BACKGROUND: Gestational diabetes mellitus affects approximately 4% of all pregnancies. As with other oral hypoglycemics, the use of glyburide in pregnancy has been limited by fears of neonatal hypoglycemia following fetal exposure. Recent experimental and clinical studies have suggested, however, that the drug is not detectable in umbilical blood. OBJECTIVE: ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the potential pathway of the association between teenage pregnancy and neonatal and postneonatal mortality. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: We carried out a retrospective cohort study of 4,037,009 nulliparous pregnant women under 25 years old who had a live singleton birth during 1995 to 2000, based on linked ...

To examine the impact of young maternal age on miscarriages and stillbirths in rural Southern Nepal. Pregnancies, miscarriages, and stillbirths were prospectively identified in two randomized trials of maternal micronutrient supplementation. This analysis included 5861 women of parity 0 (nulliparas) and 4459 of parity 1 (primiparas) who were <26 years ...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the incidence and associated risk factors for peripartum hysterectomy in singleton pregnancies. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study of all women with singleton pregnancies admitted for delivery in 2002 taken from the National Healthcare Insurance database. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for ...

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to describe the relationship between first-trimester pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A) and birthweight along its continuum and at its extremes. STUDY DESIGN: This was a retrospective cohort of 1371 women who underwent first-trimester screening for fetal aneuploidy and who delivered at our hospital. ...

BACKGROUND: IVF singletons have poorer perinatal outcomes than singletons from spontaneous conceptions. This may be due to the influence of ovarian stimulation on the chromosomal constitution of the embryos which could be translated into localized chromosomal anomalies in the placenta. The aim of this study was to compare the incidence ...

OBJECTIVE: To study the factors associated with an adverse pregnancy outcome in women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). METHODS: SLE women from LUMINA of Hispanic, African American and Caucasian ethnicity were studied. Adverse pregnancy outcome was a miscarriage or abortion (<20 weeks), a stillbirth (> or = 20) and/or a ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine pregnancy outcome in women with psoriasis. STUDY DESIGN: A case-control study of 145 deliveries in women with psoriasis during the years 1988-2004 was performed. For every birth, 6 births to nonpsoriatic women (n=860) were randomly selected and adjusted for ethnicity and year of delivery. RESULTS: Recurrent abortions ...

BACKGROUND: The Pregnancy Registry for Varivax (Merck) was established to monitor for congenital varicella syndrome or other birth defects in the offspring of women who were exposed to varicella vaccine while pregnant. METHODS: The registry receives voluntary reports from health care providers or consumers about women given the vaccine 3 ...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of fetal viral infection in the development of a range of adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs), including pregnancy-induced hypertensive disorders (PIHD), antepartum haemorrhage (APH), birthweight <10th percentile (small for gestational age, SGA) and preterm birth (PTB). DESIGN: Population-based case-control study. SETTING: Laboratory-based study. POPULATION: The newborn ...