BACKGROUND: To describe a reliable method for a general oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) during pregnancy, to evaluate adherence to the method, and to compare the frequency of reported gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and perinatal outcome in affected pregnancies in Skåne, using direct diagnostic OGTT, with those from a comparable ...

Gestational diabetes insipidus (GDI) is a rare disorder characterised by polyuria, polydypsia, and excessive thirst usually manifesting in the third trimester of pregnancy. The etiology is thought to depend on excessive vasopressinase activity, a placental enzyme that degrades arginine-vasopressin (AVP), but not 1-deamino-8-D: -arginine vasopressin (dDAVP), which is a synthetic ...

BACKGROUND: Zinc protoporphyrin/heme (ZnPP/H) ratios are indicators of incomplete erythrocyte iron delivery. ZnPP/H is more sensitive than measures of iron stores, such as plasma ferritin, in identifying early pre-anemic iron-deficient erythropoiesis. Cord ZnPP/H ratios are elevated in conditions associated with fetal hypoxia, such as diabetes mellitus during pregnancy. In chronic ...

The field of positron emission tomography (PET) has expanded dramatically over recent years. In spite of this expansion the large majority of clinical studies are carried out utilizing one radiopharmaceutical-2-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose. Many research groups are developing novel radiopharmaceuticals. A major emphasis is on other agents labeled with 18F. Several other positron ...

A monitor (Spacelab 90207) was compared with sphygmomanometric blood pressure (BP) with respect to reproducibility and variations on precision and consistency. Some 133 women with type 1 diabetes mellitus and 59 non-diabetic women were recruited. During pregnancy, systolic BP was between 6 and 12 mmHg higher in the oscillometric than ...

To develop and pilot a survey instrument assessing general practitioners' (GP) attitudes to the diagnosis and management of one form of pre-diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and to assess the performance of the questionnaire. Qualitative data together with an audit were used to generate questionnaire items, which were then subjected ...

AIMS: Diabetes in pregnant women is increasing and with that the complications in their offspring. We studied our population of diabetic mothers (2003-2005) for pathologic ventricular hypertrophy (PVH). METHODS AND RESULTS: In our retrospective study of all 87 diabetic pregnancies (92 neonates), 16 were type 1, 17 were type 2, ...

Hyperglycemia during early pregnancy can lead to congenital malformations and/or spontaneous abortion while in the last few days of pregnancy it causes neonatal metabolic complications. Macrosomia is the most common complication and is due to maternal hyperglycemia in second and third trimester of pregnancy. In view of all these, intensive ...

BACKGROUND: Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are considered to be at increased risk of miscarriage. Since metformin has beneficial effects on the risk factors contributing to first-trimester abortion in PCOS patients, we hypothesized that metformin - owing to its metabolic, endocrine, vascular and anti-inflammatory effects - may reduce the ...

OBJECTIVE: To assess the association between first-trimester HbA(1c) (A1C) and the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes in type 1 diabetic pregnancies. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We identified all pregnant diabetic women in a Danish county from 1985 to 2003. A1C values from first trimester were collected, and pregnancy outcome was ...

The influence of glucose monitoring during pregnancy on newborn body weight, and complications during pregnancy and labor was assessed. We performed a retrospective analysis of macrosomal children, fetal growth, caesarean sections, malformations, still-births and the number of oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) carried out in a five-year period. The proportion ...

To determine and compare rates of meniscal tears after tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) among 3 groups of dogs based on treatment method: arthrotomy with meniscal release (openR), arthrotomy without meniscal release (openNR), arthroscopy without meniscal release (scopeNR), and compare long term owner-assessed outcomes for the same groups. Retrospective cohort ...

The ability of mother to provide nutrients and oxygen for her baby is a critical factor for fetal health and its survival. Failure in supplying the adequate amount of nutrients to meet fetal demand can lead to fetal malnutrition. The fetus responds and adapts to undernutrition but by doing so ...

Although scrub typhus is uncommon in pregnant women, when present, it can have serious repercussions for the mother and developing fetus. Since it is uncommon, the clinical impact of scrub typhus on pregnancy has not been elucidated and an effective and safe therapeutic regimen has not been validated. The medical ...

CONTEXT: Cryptorchidism is the most common malformation in newborn boys. Maternal diabetes has previously been suggested to be a risk factor for this disorder in one epidemiological study. OBJECTIVE: Evaluation of the prevalence of maternal glucose metabolism disorders during pregnancy in newborn boys having normal testicular descent or congenital cryptorchidism. ...

A 2-month psychological questionnaire concerning pregnancy was answered by 20,920 nondiabetic mothers of singletons. Retrospective analysis showed increased levels of islet autoantibodies (IA) in 290 (1.4%) newborns. High IA levels in the child's cord blood correlated strongly with IA levels in the mother (GADA r = 0.91, P < 0.0001; ...

Sexually active adolescents with diabetes are at high risk for unplanned pregnancies and reproductive complications. Knowledge, attitudes, intentions, and behaviors regarding diabetes and reproductive issues, sexuality, and contraception were examined in teens with diabetes in relation to a non-diabetic group. A multisite, case-control, theory-based structured telephone interview was conducted on ...

OBJECTIVE: The amniotic fluid index (AFI) has been increasingly used in the assessment of fetal well-being. We conducted the study to evaluate and compare the amniotic fluid index in third trimester normal and diabetic human pregnancy and to assess the correlation between the AFI and the fetal biometric parameters. METHODS: ...

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to identify characteristics that may predict failure of glyburide therapy for the management of A2 gestational diabetes, and to evaluate whether those that fail are at increased risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes. STUDY DESIGN: This was a retrospective cohort of gestational diabetics requiring ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of maternal pre-pregnancy BMI on pregnancy outcomes. METHODS: Pregnancy cohort recruited pregnancies between 16 and 18 weeks. BMI evaluated underweight, BMI<18.5, normal, BMI 18.5-25, overweight BMI 25-30, and obese BMI>30 women. RESULTS: Pre-pregnancy BMI classified 331 women as underweight (11.7%), 1982 normal (69.9%), 326 overweight ...

OBJECTIVES: To examine the association between body mass index (BMI) and obstetrical and neonatal outcomes. METHODS: We conducted a cohort study comparing prepregnant BMI categories with obstetrical and neonatal outcomes using the McGill Obstetrical and Neonatal Database on all deliveries in 10 year period (1987-1997). Prepregnant BMI was categorized into ...

OBJECTIVE: To compare the proportions of white and red pulps of the human spleen during the fetal period. METHODS: We performed this study in the Department of Anatomy and Pathology of Suleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey, from the period between 2002-2003. Spleens from 137 dead fetuses aged ...

PROBLEM: Inefficient clearance of pregnancy-threatening toxins may contribute to gestational diabetes (GD) and Type II diabetes mellitus (DM) through mechanisms involving immune dysregulation. METHOD OF STUDY: Peripheral venous blood from pregnant Kuwaiti women in third trimester, including 15 GD and 17 DM patients, 14 healthy pregnant (HP) and eight non-pregnant ...

BACKGROUND: Angiotensin receptor blockers are antihypertensive medications prescribed by a wide variety of physicians, especially for patients with coexistent diabetes mellitus. Angiotensin receptor blockers, as well as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, are contraindicated in pregnancy. CASE: We describe the reversal of losartan-induced oligohydramnios at 27 weeks of gestation with subsequent development ...

Diabetes is a frequent complication of pregnancy. Type 1 diabetes is associated with an increased incidence of preeclampsia and pregnancy-induced hypertension. When renal dysfunction is present, the incidence of these complications is remarkably increased. White's class, poor glycemic control during the first half of pregnancy, and early blood pressure elevation ...

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between prepregnancy care, glycemic control, maternal hypoglycemia, and pregnancy outcomes in women with type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: This was a prospective observational cohort study of women with type 1 diabetes who delivered from 1991 to 2002. ...

Without strict glycemic control, diabetic pregnancies are frequently complicated by spontaneous abortion, stillbirth, or congenital malformation. Retrospective studies have been largely reassuring that pregnancy does not accelerate morbid outcomes in women with diabetic vascular disease. Improved outcomes of high-risk pregnancy in women with pregestational, type 1, or type 2 diabetes ...

To compare the platelet count and mean platelet volume (MPV) values of pregnancies diagnosed with gestational diabetes with those of healthy pregnancies. Between June 2003 and September 2004, 100 healthy pregnancies and 100 pregnancies with gestational diabetes were studied at Gazi University, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology. While no statistically ...

BACKGROUND: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is common and can have a substantial impact on fetal growth, birth weight, and morbidity. The American Diabetes Association recommends GDM testing with either a 3-h, 100-g glucose load (100 g) (criteria according to Am J Obstet Gynecol 1982;144:768-73) or a 2-h, 75-g glucose load ...

PURPOSE: In its most severe form, retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is located in posterior retina and affects the smallest, most premature infants. We hypothesize that, depending on whether vasculogenesis (de novo formation of new vessels by transformation of vascular precursor cells (VPCs)) or angiogenesis (budding from existing vessels) is perturbed, ...

The TaqI A polymorphism (A(1)) of the dopamine D(2) receptor gene (DRD2), although not a specific predictor of opioid dependence, has been strongly associated with high levels of prior heroin use and poor treatment outcomes among methadone maintenance patients. The aims of this study were to confirm these findings via ...

OBJECTIVE: To validate the use of the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) for measurement of insulin sensitivity in obese women during gestation and the postpartum period. DESIGN: Three consecutive measurements of insulin resistance (IR) were performed during and after pregnancy to compare the homeostasis model assessment insulin sensitivity index (HOMA-IR) to ...

Complications of pregnancy associated with maternal PCOS include increased prevalence of early pregnancy loss (EPL), gestational diabetes (GDM), pregnancy-induced hypertensive disorders (PET/PIH), and the birth of small-for-gestational-age (SGA) babies. Increased risk of EPL has been attributed to obesity, hyperinsulinaemia, elevated luteinizing hormone concentrations, and endometrial dysfunction. Avoiding obesity before pregnancy ...

OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to identify among women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) the patient characteristics that predict treatment failure with glyburide. METHODS: Historical cohort of 95 GDM women offered glyburide after dietary failure with defined entry criteria. RESULTS: From November 2000 to May 2005, 118 women had 124 pregnancies ...

Several isoenzymes of alkaline phosphatase are present in pregnancy, the most common are of liver, bone, and placental origin. We report a case of pregnancy complicated by hypertension and gestational diabetes, in which an extremely high elevation in bone isoenzyme was noted during labor. The enzyme level returned to normal ...

The second of three studies being undertaken by the Confidential Enquiry into Maternal and Child Health (CEMACH) has recently reported its findings and recommendations. The standards of diabetes and maternal care and the outcomes of 3808 pregnancies in England, Wales and Northern Ireland are described. Pre-pregnancy planning and care before ...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate obstetric risk factors and pregnancy outcome in women with pruritus gravidarum who delivered during a 15-year period. METHODS: A population-based study comparing all pregnancies in women with and without pruritus gravidarum delivered between 1988 and 2002 was conducted. A multivariable logistic regression model was constructed in order ...

Nutrition in pregnancy has been recognized for millennia as being important, but the current nutritional practices of pregnant women often do not conform to what we already know to be optimum. Pregnant women are increasingly entering pregnancy overweight as the dietary habits of young women deteriorate in many societies. This ...

Periodontitis has been associated with increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes and elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations in non-pregnant adults. We examined the relationship between periodontitis and CRP among women who provided dental radiographs and had blood collected during early pregnancy, excluding smokers and diabetic patients. From Project Viva, an ...

Leptin, which was identified originally as an adipocyte-derived protein, was regarded for years as an exclusive regulator of satiety and energy homeostasis. A role for leptin in pregnancy was later suggested by the findings that plasma levels during gestation are greater than in nongravid individuals and that leptin is synthesized ...

We report the case of a 29-yr-old woman who first presented an aseptic meningitis at the beginning of a pregnancy. She was admitted one month later with headaches and vomiting. Panhypopituitarism with diabetes insipidus was diagnosed. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data suggested the existence of lymphocytic infundibulohypophysitis, with inflammation of ...

R.S. is a 22 years old Caucasian woman suffering from obesity, hypertension and Type I Diabetes Mellitus since the age of 6 years. Type I DM treatment includes 3 insulin injections at meal time and one glargine injection at bedtime. The insulin therapy regimen was prolonged during pregnancy and continued ...

During pregnancy, the developing fetus is dependent on its mother for all nutritional requirements. It is not surprising, therefore, that variations in maternal nutrition can be reflected in alterations in fetal health and well-being. Interestingly, the changes can persist into adulthood and may result in increased risk of diseases such ...

OBJECTIVE: To analyze pregnancy complications and outcome in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) treated with metformin. DESIGN: Single center retrospective case analysis. SETTING: Private regional nonurban referral subspecialty practice. PATIENT(S): After 7 months of average metformin use, 188 patients with PCOS (average infertility: 27 months) achieved 237 pregnancies. INTERVENTION(S): ...

BACKGROUND: The role of adiponectin, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), leptin and C-reactive protein in the insulin resistance of pregnancy is not clear. We measured their levels in women with gestational diabetes (GDM) and in controls, during and after pregnancy, and related them to insulin secretion and action. METHODS: Nineteen ...

BACKGROUND/AIM: The Republic of Ireland has a centralised database of all registered, blind people in the country. The last study of the national blind register was undertaken in 1996. The current study sought, firstly, to investigate and identify any recent changes in the register composition. Secondly, there is concern that ...

PURPOSE: To demonstrate the microscopic changes, in vivo, accompanying stage 4 retinopathy of prematurity. DESIGN: Interventional case study. METHODS: Optical coherence tomography (OCT) of the macula was performed in a baby with presumed stage 4a retinopathy of prematurity (retinopathy of prematurity). The findings were correlated with clinical staging and video ...

AIMS: To determine the effects of pregnancy on metformin pharmacokinetics. METHODS: Seven women with Type 2 diabetes mellitus taking metformin throughout pregnancy were studied on two occasions, once at 28-36 weeks gestation and once at least 8 weeks postpartum. Serum metformin concentrations were determined across a dosing interval using high-performance ...

No evidence clearly supports the practice of increased fetal surveillance in the pregnancies of women with well-controlled (ie, fasting blood sugar <105 mg/dL) class A1 gestational diabetes (strength of recommendation [SOR]: B, consistent retrospective cohort studies). However, a number of guidelines recommend beginning surveillance of some kind between 32 and ...

AIMS: To review pregnancy outcomes in women with Type 2 diabetes (Type 2 DM), comparing women treated with those not treated with metformin. METHODS: Data were collected by case-note review for all pregnancies in women with Type 2 DM over a 6-year period (1998-2003) at the National Women's Hospital. Two ...