The size, density and total number of neuroepithelial bodies (NEB) in the lungs of late fetal, neonatal, and mature rabbits were determined using fluorescence microscopy. In this study lungs from 27-, 29-, 30-, and 31-day fetuses; neonates of ages 2, 7, and 30 days; and 4- and 7(+)-month-old rabbits, were ...

Fetal lung maturity was assessed in 486 consecutive elective cesarean deliveries. Two hundred forty-seven cases met the ultrasound criterion of a biparietal diameter of 9.2 cm or a grade III placenta. All patients were screened for diabetes. There was one case of hyaline membrane disease. This approach thus reflects fetal ...

The life of a human lung can be subdivided into five distinct phases: embryonic, pseudoglandular, canalicular, saccular, and alveolar. The embryonic period, during which the lung primordium is laid down as a diverticulum of the foregut, lasts for about seven weeks. From the 5th to the 17th week the lung ...

The purpose of this study was to determine whether hypoplasia of the lung bud might be responsible for cases of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). The lung bud normally develops in close association with the posthepatic mesenchymal plate ( PHMP ). The PHMP appears dorsal to the liver or on the ...

Immunohistological methods were used to investigate the presence of calcitonin, thyrotrophin, carcinoembryonic antigen, beta pregnancy specific glycoprotein, human placental lactogen, and the beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotrophin in formalin fixed lung tumour tissue sections. Carcinoembryonic antigen was observed in 71% of 101 tumours studied (70%), beta 1 pregnancy specific ...

Basement membrane gaps and epithelio-mesenchymal contacts could be shown in the lung of mouse embryos during the entire pregnancy period. Some of the contacts corresponded to gap junctions. The significance of these findings for the differentiation of epithelium and mesenchyme, as well as for the development of the epithelial tube ...

In order to evaluate changes in hemoglobin A1 levels during nondiabetic pregnancy, 19 pregnant women were followed by determination of hemoglobin A1 with a two to four week interval. There was an early decrease in the hemoglobin A1 level already between the 12th and 16th weeks of pregnancy, with a ...

Analyses of hemoglobin A1c concentrations were performed throughout gestation in 377 nondiabetic women. We observed significant biphasic changes in hemoglobin A1c concentrations, with an initial gradual decline to a nadir level at 24 weeks, followed by a subsequent slow reascension to peak near term. All these changes fell within the ...

The indirect assessment of prostacyclin synthetase by analysis of prostaglandin I2 (PGI2) formation in lung tissues of fetal, newborn and adult Swiss mice was determined by in vitro platelet inhibition. PGI2 was synthesized in fetal, newborn and adult mice lung tissues. A progressive increase in PGI2 synthesis with increasing fetal ...

We studied the effect of in utero hypophysectomy and replacement therapy with cortisol and adrenocorticotropin on maturation of lung structure in ovine fetuses. Twenty-two festuses underwent hypophysectomy in utero at 99-122 days of fetal gestation. At term (148-150 days), ten fetuses received an infusion of ACTH and six fetuses received ...

The effects of fetal tracheostomy on lung development in lambs have been investigated. Seven ewes, all with twin fetuses, were given a general anesthetic. One fetus in each set of twins was tracheostomized and the other fetus was sham operated (117-122 days gestation). The fetuses were delivered by cesarean section ...

Of the two characterized cytochrome P-450 subpopulations present in adult lung microsomes, only one (P-450II) appears to be present in the neonate. Both this subpopulation and a second subpopulation (P-450I) gradually increase over a period of several months, and account for most of the increase in lung cytochrome P-450 concentration ...

The lung surfactant isolated from pulmonary fluid of fetal sheep changes both in amount and composition during gestation. Total phosphatidylcholine (PC) and its most surface-active components, disaturated PC, are present at very low levels 3-4 weeks prior to term and rise to adult levels 3-4 days before birth. The acidic ...

The inactivation of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) was studied in isolated perfused lungs of fetal and neonatal rabbits. 200 nmol of 14C-PGE2 was infused into the pulmonary circulation and the metabolites of PGE2 were analysed from the nonrecirculating perfusion effluent. The amount of the main metabolite, 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGE2, increased significantly between the ...

To investigate the role of thoracic compression in the etiology of pulmonary hypoplasia associated with oligohydramnios, we shunted amniotic fluid into the maternal abdominal cavity at 25-days gestation in one group of fetal rabbits and occluded the bladder outlet in another. Bladder-neck obstruction produced severe bilateral hydronephrosis. Both procedures produced ...

The concentration of myo-inositol in the serum of pregnant women (21.4 microM) remained unchanged throughout pregnancy and was not significantly different from that in the serum of nonpregnant women (24.5 microM). myo-Inositol concentrations in mixed cord serum averaged 125 microM at midgestation. At term, the concentration of myo-inositol was 60.2 ...

The developmental pattern of fetal and neonatal rabbit lungs to metabolize arachidonic acid (AA) to different cyclo-oxygenase products was studied in isolated rabbit lungs, which were perfused with Krebs bicarbonate buffer. 14C-AA (66 nmol) was injected into the pulmonary circulation and the nonrecirculating perfusion effluent was collected for four minutes. ...

Lung morphology, surface properties of fetal pulmonary fluid, and lung mechanics during spontaneous breathing were studied in preterm newborn rabbits after antenatal administration of terbutaline (0.1 mg). The histological evaluation of lung sections revealed increased amounts of granular eosinophilic and sudanophilic material in the terminal airspaces. The amount of fetal ...

Several nomograms are currently in use for determination of virtual shunt from a known FIO2 and PaO2. They are constructed for fixed standard values of pH, T and Hb. In the critically ill however those values often vary widely from the standard values. This may lead to substantial under- or ...

Static and dynamic lung volumes, flow-volume curve in air and after He-O2 were carried out in 5 normal subjects baseline, immediately after rapid infusion of 2 litres of normal saline, and then 15, 30 and 60 min after. At the end of the infusion, a marked reduction of delta MEF50, ...

The ontogenic switch from fetal to adult hemoglobin could be due to gradual replacement of fetal by adult erythroid progenitor cells, each with unique potential hemoglobin expression programs. We have studied globin synthesis in single colonies derived from the BFU-E of human newborn infants and rhesus monkey fetuses, both at ...

A radioimmunoassay was developed for the determination of isodesmosine as the tetraacetyl derivative. Isodesmosine tetraacetate conjugated with bovine albumin was injected into rabbits which developed useful titers of antibodies after five months. The radioligand for the assay was prepared by acetylating isodesmosine with [3H] acetic anhydride. The bound ligand was ...

In adult mammalian lungs pinocytotic vesicles (PV) play a role in macromolecular transport across endothelium. The time course of their development in fetal lungs was examined. Morphometric techniques were used to measure the relative capillary volume as percentage of lung volume. Mean diameter (D), numerical density (Nv), and endothelial fractional ...

Ultrasound evaluation of fetal lung development in utero could be a noninvasive method for frequent monitoring of the state of pulmonary maturity and predicting when parturition could occur with minimum or no risk of respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn. In cases of high-risk obstetric management in premature labor, this ...

The Author reports 40 cases of patients affected by asymptomatic bacteriuria at the 1st trimester of pregnancy, assessing changes in their hemoglobin values, and compared them to 20 control patients with sterile urine at the 1st trimester. No major difference is found in hemoglobin changes between the two groups, probably ...

Urethral obstruction and urachal ligation at 93-107 days gestation produced severe hydronephrosis, hydroureter, megacystis, and urinary ascites as well as significant pulmonary hypoplasia in 17 fetal lambs. Obstructions in 9 fetuses subsequently were relieved in utero by suprapubic cutaneous cystostomy. At birth, all 4 liveborn obstructed lambs had respiratory insufficiency, ...

The mechanism responsible for the deconjugation of the glucuronide of p-phenyl benzoic acid (PPBA) in fetal intestine and amniotic fluid was studied in rats. Non-enzymatic hydrolysis of PPBA glucuronide in intestine was little before birth. The activity of beta-glucuronidase (beta-G) in fetus was the highest in intestine, followed by lung ...

Study of 17 fetal rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) revealed a sequential rise in lung phosphatidylcholine (PC) concentration due to elevations in both disaturated (DSPC) and unsaturated constituents. The % DSPC in lung tissue clinical abruptly at 145 days of gestation prior to significant increases in PC or DSPC concentration but ...

Hemoglobin microcapsules were prepared through cross-linking of hemoglobin itself with various acyldichlorides. Variations in the reticulation conditions were preformed in order to ameliorate the oxygen dissociation curve, the mean diameter, and the possibility for the microcapsules to be lyophilized. With terephthaloylchloride, as the cross-linking agent, incorporation of inositol hexaphosphate and ...

The concentration of lipoperoxides in liver tissue was extensively high in the fetus and early newborn, but it decreased sharply thereafter. However, the concentrations of lipoperoxides in the blood and lung tissue were low in the fetal period, but increased after birth reaching a peak after about 10 days of ...

Crackles heard during auscultation of the lungs are generally considered an abnormal physical finding. This study was done to see if crackles could be induced to occur in the lungs of normal subjects. We studied 52 nonsmoking normal subjects by listening at the right and left posterior bases and over ...

The origin of the erythrocytes in intervillous thrombi has never been definitively established. Fetal hemoglobin-containing erythrocytes were identified in histologic sections of intervillous thrombi using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase unlabeled antibody method. In 85 per cent of intervillous thrombi containing well-preserved erythrocytes, fetal hemoglobin-containing cells were found in quantities well in excess ...

A "fetal hemoglobin' has been reported to exist during mouse gestation, Investigations using CMC chromatography, starch gel electrophoresis or isoelectric focusing have shown a hemoglobin band from fetal tissues, and blood was obtained which was different from the adult hemoglobin and designated a "fetal hemoglobin'. In the current study isoelectric ...

Alkali denaturation is the most commonly used technic to estimate fetal hemoglobin in red blood cells. The Betke and colleagues method (Nature 184: 1959; 1877-78) using cyanmethemoglobin (HiCN) was recommended by an International Committee for Standardization in Hematology for fetal hemoglobin levels between 2 and 40%. We showed that precision ...

Respiratory studies were conducted on newborn puppies chronically exposed to alpha-l-acetylmethadol . HCl (LAAM) during portions of gestation. Bitches received daily oral doses of LAAM from the second week through the sixth week of pregnancy (LAAM-6) or through the end of a 9-week pregnancy (LAAM-9), but not after parturition. LAAM-9 ...

Previous investigations of the effect of glucocorticoids on fetal lung development have suggested that changes in lung structural properties may be of greater functional significance than changes in lung surfactant. In this study we examined the mechanism of the glucocorticoid-induced change in lung structure and compared it with the changes ...

Collagen, elastin and structural glycoprotein content of the lungs of 38 fetal and neonatal foals, 8 of which were showing dysmaturity or convulsive syndrome, were measured by standard biochemical means. Glycoprotein content showed little or no change between 100 and 340 days of gestation; elastin remained constant from 100 to ...

BDP is a useful treatment for asthma, but the mechanism of its action is unknown. Routine estimations of bronchial sensitivity to histamine aerosols showed that there was a decrease in bronchial hyperreactivity in 11 out of 14 cases given BDP as a routine treatment. The results are significant by Student's ...

Maternal exposure to Cd reduces lung weight and alters pulmonary surfactant accumulation in the fetus. This may lead to respiratory distress and death postnatally. In this study, the effects of maternal Cd administration on additional biochemical parameters of the fetal lung were investigated. Pregnant rats were given sc injections of ...

Fetal rats were exposed to asphyxia by compression of the umbilical vessels, and the animals were studied shortly after delivery, close to term (21st fetal day). Following asphyxia on the 20th fetal day, the lungs appeared immature. The surface active phospholipids, disaturated lecithin and phosphatidylglycerol, as well as the elastic ...

Respiratory distress syndrome occurs in infants born with immature lungs. The immature fetal lung lacks an adequate supply of surfactant, a phospholipid-rich substance which is produced in the type II cells of the alveolar epithelium. In the fetus, surfactant is secreted into the potential air spaces of the lung and ...

The course of a successful pregnancy in a kidney transplant recipient suffering from hypoparathyroidism is reported. The infant, born at 34 weeks' gestation, had normocalcemia and transient hyperparathyroidism. Maternal hypocalcemic attacks are liable to occur in the third trimester. Close observation with adequate supplements of calcium and vitamin D derivatives ...

Claims that fetal lung maturation is more rapid in blacks than in whites were investigated. Histologic measurements of lung maturation and the frequency of hyaline membrane disease were compared in four groups of Neonates: 490 South African blacks, 841 Ethiopians, 767 US blacks, and 560 US whites. Lungs matured much ...

In the sheep, fetal lung development proceeds to a later stage of maturity than in smaller laboratory animals. Of the four stages in pulmonary development recognizable in this species - embryologic, pseudoglandular, canalicular, and aveolar - the latter three are described in the present study using histologic, morphometric, and ultrastructural ...

Eight newborn infants with opaque right lungs were examined. Clinically, the main problem associated with the opaque right lung is mild respiratory distress, and radiographically, the findings consist of (a) a totally opaque right lung, (b) a semiopaque right lung or (c) an opaque right lobe only. These findings are ...

The concentration of lamellar body (or surfactant) phospholipid in amniotic fluid generally increases as gestation proceeds and the fetal lungs mature. However, when glucocorticoid is administered prior to 35 weeks' gestation to accelerate fetal lung maturation, the ensuing increase in lamellar body phospholipid, to levels indicative of lung maturity, may ...

Hemoglobin derivatives as determined with the IL 282 CO-Oximeter correlated well with results by a manual five-wavelength method, which in turn had been checked against established methods for one or two derivatives. Measurement of total hemoglobin yielded almost identical results with both methods. As for oxyhemoglobin, carboxyhemoglobin, and hemiglobin, agreement ...

Closing volume and other principal lung volumes were measured during and after pregnancy in 10 healthy non-smoking women aged 18--25 yr. There were no significant changes on closing volume or closing capacity. A decrease in functional residual capacity as pregnancy progressed resulted in airway closure during tidal breathing in more ...

We surveyed 270 asbestos factory workers and 222 control subjects matched for age to assess the usefulness of listening for fine discontinuous adventitious lung sound (fine crackles) in detection of the early stages of interstitial fibrosis of asbestosis. Fine crackles at both bases were heard more frequently in asbestos workers ...

We studied the relationship of certain fetal and maternal hormones to indicators of lung maturation in 12 fetal lambs delivered at gestational ages (GA) of 123-149 days. Maternal estrogen, maternal progesterone, and fetal prolactin did not correlate with GA or the indicators of fetal lung maturation. Fetal cortisol (range 4-165 ...