Background: C677T polymorphism of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) has been associated with recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). However, results were conflicting. The aim of this study was to quantitatively summarize the evidence for MTHFR C677T polymorphism and RPL risk. Methods: Electronic search of PubMed and the Chinese Biomedicine database was conducted ...

Case control studies suggest a relationship between maternal stress during pregnancy and childhood ADHD. However, maternal smoking, parenting style and parental psychiatric disorder are possible confounding factors. Our objective was to control for these factors by using an intra-familial design, and investigate gene-environment interactions. One hundred forty two children, ages ...

This pictorial essay aims to inform related clinicians by summarizing the normal and abnormal sonographic findings of the yolk sac in the first trimester of pregnancy. An abnormality in the sonographic appearance of a yolk sac can predict subsequent embryonic death or abnormalities. Therefore, the accurate recognition of normal and ...

The aim of this study was to determine whether or not interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) polymorphisms are associated with risk of unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) among North Indian women. This retrospective case-control study examine 200 well-characterized RPL cases for IL-1 gene cluster ...

OBJECTIVE: To report on the investigation and fertility management of variant primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD). DESIGN: Case report. SETTING: University-affiliated assisted reproductive technologies practice. PATIENT(S): A 40 year-old man presenting with 12 months' primary infertility, complete sperm immotility, severe morphologic defects, and moderate sinopulmonary disease. INTERVENTION(S): Electron microscopy (EM) of ...

Randomized control trials demonstrate beneficial effects of heparin in high-risk pregnancies to prevent pre-eclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction. However the lack of placental pathology data in these trials challenges the assumption that heparin is a placental anticoagulant. Recent data demonstrates that placental infarction is more likely to be associated with ...

Please cite this paper as: Page L, Girling J. A novel cause for abnormal liver function tests in pregnancy and the puerperium: non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. BJOG 2011; DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2011.03070.x. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the commonest liver disease in the western world, but has never been reported in ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the sensitivity of first-trimester ultrasound for diagnosing different structural anomalies in chromosomally normal pregnancies, and the role of aneuploidy markers in the detection of abnormalities. METHODS: This was a retrospective study including chromosomally normal singleton pregnancies with a 11-14 week scan performed in our center during the ...

The clinical implications of abnormal cervical cytology during pregnancy are unclear. Therefore, we performed the present study to determine the role of cervical cytologic screening during pregnancy in association with placental abnormalities and preterm birth. A review of 2,480 cases during 11 years revealed significant correlation of reactive, infectious, atypical, ...

The aim of this study was to describe the canine electrocardiographic changes in the course of normal and abnormal pregnancy. Twenty-three Brucellosis-negative pregnant bitches were retrospectively classified as normal (n = 12) or abnormal (n = 11). A control group of non-pregnant dioestrous bitches (n = 10) was also included. Normal pregnant females delivered healthy puppies ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Neonatal abdominal ultrasound is usually performed in Nigeria to investigate neonatal symptoms rather than as a follow up to evaluate fetal abnormalities which were detected on prenatal ultrasound .The role of routine obstetric ultrasonography in the monitoring of pregnancy and identification of fetal malformations has partly contributed to ...

The fertility and whelping complications of normal bitches and of bitches that had had surgery to correct a vaginal abnormality of varying severities were compared retrospectively. Reproductive performance and whelping statistics were compared between 37 bitches that had been diagnosed with a vaginal abnormality and 37 age- and breed-matched bitches ...

This paper presents ethical dilemmas concerning the termination of pregnancy, the management of childbirth, and the withdrawal of life-support from infants in special care, for a small sample of British Pakistani Muslim parents of babies diagnosed with fatal abnormalities. Case studies illustrating these dilemmas are taken from a qualitative study ...

Background  Knowledge of disability is considered key information to enable informed antenatal screening decisions by expectant parents. However, little is known about the role of experiential knowledge of disability in decisions to terminate or continue with a pregnancy diagnosed with a foetal abnormality. Objective  To explore the role that expectant ...

PURPOSE: The purpose of this article was to investigate clinical ultrasonographic findings and the outcomes of post-pregnancy patients with acquired uterine vascular abnormalities including arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a computerized database search for all patients with ultrasonographic findings of a vascular abnormality including AVM in our ...

The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of restless legs syndrome in pregnancy. We distributed a questionnaire to 541 consecutive post-partum patients and received answers from 251 (46%) women. Of the participants 34% reported restless legs syndrome in pregnancy. In 97% of the women where restless legs ...

To evaluate the accuracy of three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound in fetal gender assignment in the first trimester. A series of pregnant women attending at 11 to 13 + 6 weeks for the nuchal translucency (NT) scan were enrolled into the study. An ultrasound volume of each fetus was obtained and stored ...

To evaluate the performance of a novel biomarker, a disintegrin and metalloprotease-12 (ADAM-12), to differentiate an ectopic pregnancy (EP) from normal intrauterine pregnancies (IUPs). Case-control study. Three urban academic centers. Women who were seen in the emergency department with pain or bleeding in the first trimester of pregnancy. Sera from ...

Fanconi–Bickel syndrome (FBS, OMIM #227810) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of carbohydrate transport originally described in 1949 [Fanconi and Bickel(1949);Helv Paediatr Acta 4: 359–396]. FBS is caused by mutations in the glucose and galactose transporter gene SLC2A2 (HGNC ID11006) [Santeret al.(1997); Nat Genet 17: 324–326] and is characterized by ...

Objective: Morphological investigation of the central nervous system (CNS) in fetuses with positive markers for open spina bifida (OSB) detection, visualized by ultrasound during the first trimester of pregnancy. Materials and Methods: Data from fetuses that underwent routine first trimester ultrasound scan in our center during September 2007-March 2011 and ...

to evaluate the additional information of second trimester magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) compared to ultrasound in fetuses with identified or suspected central nervous system (CNS) anomalies and to study the clinical impact of the information on pregnancy management. prospective study during 2004-2007. The fetal MRI examination was planned to be ...

Aim.?This article is a systematic review of the literature to establish whether there is an advantage in the use of GnRH antagonists (Ant) compared to the long agonist protocol (Ago) in patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Material and methods.?The meta-analysis was conducted using the MIX software with Mantel?Haenszel weighting ...

Fraternal birth order (FBO) appears as a prenatal cause of 15% of homosexual males (gays) through mnemonic maternal anti-male factors. Non-right-handed men seem to be protected from homosexuality. Four hypotheses are proposed: (1) androgenic factors of non-right-handedness neutralize anti-male factors; (2) non-right-handedness and homosexuality are lethal or produce mental impairment; ...

Objective. To evaluate the quality of prenatal results in all cases of termination of pregnancy (TOP) due to fetal abnormalities in a tertiary prenatal diagnosis center. Material and Methods. Retrospective analysis of the 385 TOP performed on our department due to fetal abnormalities between January 1, 2000, and December 31, ...

The objective of this study was to measure the fetal gastric volume using three-dimensional (3-D) ultrasound during pregnancy. Three-dimensional sonographic examinations were performed involving 35 pregnant women from 12 to 38 weeks of gestation. The fetal gastric volume was monitored every 5 min for a minimum of 40 min (40-60 ...

to determine the number of ultrasound scans received by Iranian mothers during pregnancy and the relationship between scanning and background factors, and to describe the mothers' expectations and experiences of ultrasound scanning. descriptive survey. a hospital related to the Social Security Organisation of Urmia City in Iran. over a six-month ...

Chorionic bump is a rare abnormal condition of the gestational sac seen in the first trimester of pregnancies, extending from the choriodecidual surface to the gestational sac. We report the sonographic and histopathologic findings in a case involving three "chorionic bumps" extending from the choriodecidual surface to the gestational sac. ...

We sought to determine the sensitivity of the first-trimester scan in the early diagnosis of aneuploidy and structural fetal anomalies in an unselected low-risk population. This was a retrospective chart review of all patients having first-trimester scans between 2002 and 2009. At our center, a survey of fetal anatomy is ...

A retrospective audit identified 10 cases of massive idiopathic subchorionic thrombohematoma. The incidence was 1:3,133. Only six of these pregnancies resulted in a livebirth and only two reached term. In eight cases there were ultrasound abnormalities, including two cases of placentomegaly both of which resulted in a pregnancy loss. There ...

Serial measurements of the fetal abdominal circumference have been used to guide metabolic management of pregnancies complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). A reduction in the number of repeat ultrasound examinations would save resources. Our purpose was to determine the number of serial abdominal circumference measurements per patient necessary to ...

To determine the completion rate of ultrasound surveys for aneuploidy markers by maternal body mass index (BMI). A retrospective review of ultrasounds on midtrimester singleton pregnancies was performed. Subjects were grouped as normal, overweight (BMI 25-29.9 kg/m(2)), and obese: class I (30-34.9 kg/m(2)), class II (35-39.9 kg/m(2)), and class III ...

OBJECTIVE: Most ultrasound estimated fetal weight (EFW) formulas incorporate abdominal circumference, which may overstimate growth restriction in fetal gastroschisis. The aim of this study was to determine the optimal ultrasound formula for prediction of birthweight and fetal growth restriction (FGR) in gastroschisis. STUDY DESIGN: We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis ...

To evaluate a possible correlation between transvaginal ultrasound findings in miscarriages and cytogenetic analyses from chorionic villi obtained by dilatation and curettage. Prospective, population-based study. University-based hospital. Five hundred seventy-six women with spontaneous miscarriage diagnosed between 6 and 12 completed pregnancy weeks. Transvaginal ultrasonography and dilatation and curettage. Cytogenetic analyses ...

From its beginning in the fifties the use of ultrasound in gynaecology and obstetrics has expanded extensively. Ultrasound technology has taken us from a time when the mother was our prime focus to the present where it is the unborn baby. Ultrasound assessments may have significant consequences for pregnancy care ...

Objectives : We wished to develop an ultrasound cephalometric analysis, particularly of the antero-posterior jaw relationship, to increase the accuracy of prenatal diagnosis of retrognathism during the routine midterm test. Methods : Anatomical cephalometric analysis was performed in 18 formalin-fixed human fetuses (between 16 and 39 gestational weeks), and ultrasound ...

Fetal bowel calcifications were observed at 24 weeks of gestation in a male fetus, suggesting an anorectal malformation (ARM) with rectourethral fistula. At birth, the newborn presented with complex ARM including anal atresia, rectourethral fistula, and esophageal atresia. The prenatal sonographic visualization of calcifications within distended bowel should raise the ...

We tested the hypothesis that the protective effect of parity on fibroids is due to direct pregnancy-related effects by following women from early pregnancy to postpartum period with ultrasound. Of 171 women with one initial fibroid, 36% had no identifiable fibroid at the time of postpartum ultrasound, and 79% of ...

Despite that epidemiological studies did not indicate negative effects on neurological development of offspring when exposed to diagnostic ultrasound, possible association with nonright-handedness in males could not be excluded. In addition, an experimental study on fetal mice suggested that prolonged ultrasound exposure may cause mild disturbance in neuronal migration. No ...

BACKGROUND: A primipara with multiple pregnancy who booked for antenatal care at 21 weeks presented with vaginal bleeding and pedal oedema at the 27th week. She had had five previous ultrasound scans that gave conflicting results. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The patient was therefore sent for a confirmatory scan, which was ...

This report discusses a pregnancy case following a series of two consecutive magnetic resonance imaging-guided focused ultrasound surgery (MRgFUS) procedures for the treatment of two different myomas in an individual patient. Both procedures were completed without adverse events, and the patient conceived naturally four months after treatment. At 39 weeks, ...

OBJECTIVES: To describe a new technique for the management of Cesarean scar ectopic pregnancy (CSEP): transrectal ultrasound (TRS)-guided surgical evacuation. METHODS: All women who presented at our early pregnancy units (EPU) from November 2006 to July 2008 underwent transvaginal sonography. CSEP was diagnosed if all of the following criteria were ...

OBJECTIVES: To explore the effects of ultrasound-to-delivery interval and maternal-fetal characteristics on the distribution of measurement error in estimated fetal weights (EFWs), and to determine the predictive ability of EFW for diagnosis of small-for-gestational age (SGA) and large-for-gestational age (LGA) among infants delivered within 1 day of an ultrasound examination. ...

OBJECTIVES: To assess the potential value of an early (first-trimester) ultrasound examination in depicting fetal anomalies by transabdominal (TAS) and transvaginal (TVS) sonography, to compare it with the traditional mid-trimester anomaly ultrasound examination and to evaluate the degree of patient acceptance of early sonography by the transvaginal route. METHODS: In ...

A young primigravida presented to the family medicine clinic 7 weeks pregnant. Standard 2-dimensional ultrasound at 9 weeks revealed a grossly abnormal posterior brain and 2 adjacent sonolucent structures: 2 yolk sacs versus a yolk sac and cyst. Imaging by 3-dimensional ultrasound distinguished these structures, revealing a caudal cyst with ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the visualization rates of fetal anatomic structures by three-dimensional ultrasound (3DUS) at 12-13 weeks of gestation. STUDY DESIGN: This was a prospective observational study of women presenting for nuchal translucency ultrasound. Five 3D volumes of the fetus were acquired transabdominally. Two investigators independently reviewed the stored volumes ...

Pregnancies with mean yolk sac diameter>or=5 mm on early ultrasound require monitoring and counseling about a threefold increased risk for first-trimester loss independent of maternal risk factors such as age, body mass index, polycystic ovary syndrome, smoking, and diabetes. In addition, our study shows for the first time that enlarged ...

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the additional value of three-dimensional (3D) multiplanar ultrasound in the examination of the fetal profile. METHODS: Two 3D volumes of the fetal head were obtained from 84 fetuses at 22 to 29 weeks' gestation. The volumes were taken starting at the midsagittal plane with the fetus facing ...

Routine anatomic ultrasound performed in the second trimester has a detection rate of approximately 70-90% for fetal congenital abnormalities (Nyberg and Souter, J Ultrasound Med 2001;6:655-674). The central nervous system abnormalities are one of the most common ones detected. Chiari malformation is among the CNS abnormalities diagnosed in the fetal ...

to assess the accuracy of abdominal palpation, Johnson's technique and ultrasound in the estimation of fetal weight (EFW). 174 pregnant women were recruited at random in a large teaching hospital in Iran. Fetal weight was estimated by palpation and Johnson's technique at the time of admission by one qualified midwife, ...

Congenital volvulus is a life-threatening condition, both for the fetus and for the newborn. A volvulus is a twist of small bowel loops or a proximal part of the colon around the mesenteric artery or its branches. The potential consequences of volvulus are ileus and necrosis of the intestinal wall. ...