Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound has been shown to accelerate fracture healing. This experiment investigated its possible role in distraction. Thirty-four New Zealand White rabbits had distraction osteogenesis, followed by low-intensity pulsed ultrasound therapy. Seventeen animals had the ultrasound transducer switched off (controls). Four and 6 weeks postoperatively, tibiae were analyzed using ...

OBJECTIVE: To report the value of transrectal ultrasonography of the female internal reproductive tract as a complementary problem-solving technique after transvaginal ultrasonography in selected patients. To date, transrectal ultrasonography of the female internal reproductive tract has been advocated in lieu of transvaginal ultrasonography for women in whom transvaginal ultrasonography cannot ...

OBJECTIVE: To establish the acceptability of transvaginal scanning in patients attending an early pregnancy unit (EPU) due to problems in early pregnancy such as vaginal bleeding. METHODS: An unselected group of pregnant women who were less than 8 weeks' gestation were invited to complete a questionnaire before the transvaginal scan ...

BACKGROUND: The amniotic band syndrome is a collection of fetal malformations associated with fibrous bands that appear to entrap or entangle various fetal parts in utero and can affect any organ or system and cause a single or multiple anomalies. The anomaly, acrania, is characterized by partial or complete absence ...

OBJECTIVE: To review the clinical indications for first trimester ultrasound. Outcome: Proven clinical benefit from first trimester ultrasound. EVIDENCE: MEDLINE search and bibliography reviews in relevant literature. VALUES: Content and recommendations reviewed by the principal authors and the Diagnostic Imaging Committee of the Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada. ...

OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to determine prognostic factors in pregnancies with a subchorionic echolucency. STUDY DESIGN: One hundred twenty-nine pregnancies with a subchorionic echolucency detected by ultrasound in our unit were identified. Ultrasound reports were reviewed for subchorionic echolucency location, size, gestational age, amniotic fluid volume, and fetal abnormalities. ...

We examined a 20-year-old primigravida by ultrasound at 21 weeks of gestation during routine anomaly scanning. Several fetal deformities were demonstrated: the upper part of the body was in the amniotic cavity, while the lower part was in the celomic cavity. A large abdominal wall defect was detected with herniation ...

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) ablation of fetal tissue in a sheep model. HIFU can deliver large amounts of thermal energy by using ultrasonic waves to induce tissue necrosis, without damaging intervening tissues. In contrast to diagnostic ultrasound where ...

We report a case of an encephalocele in a dizygotic twin pregnancy, following ovulatory induction. In the involved fetus, an abnormal shadow like an encapsulated-solid tumor located on the occiput was found by routine maternal transabdominal ultrasonography at 17 weeks of gestation. The parents did not accept induced abortion because ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Over the last few decades, application of ultrasound has been attempted to enhance transdermal transport of several drugs, a method referred to as "phonophoresis." The purposes of this study were to examine the influence of ultrasound on the transdermal delivery of ketoprofen in humans and to compare ...

INTRODUCTION: Over the past 20 years, the spectrum of neonatal neurological malformations has changed due to the diffusion of ultrasound, performed either routinely or as required by maternal alpha-fetoprotein screening or history. DISCUSSION: We review and illustrate the potential of ultrasound for the prenatal diagnosis of abnormalities in size or ...

OBJECTIVES: To determine which non-biometric components of the ultrasound fetal survey can routinely be seen on a single fast acquisition magnetic resonance (MR) sequence aligned axial to the maternal uterus. STUDY DESIGN: The non-biometric components of the routine fetal ultrasound examination were applied retrospectively to the initial MR single-shot fast ...

There are several advantages to ultrasound examination in early pregnancy. Ultrasound performed during the first trimester confirms an intrauterine pregnancy, establishes accurate dating, and is crucial in diagnosing early pregnancy failure and ectopic pregnancy. As sonographic spatial resolution continues to improve, first trimester sonography increasingly will offer early pregnancy screening ...

Gallbladder disease is four times as common in women as in men, and pregnancy appears to contribute to the development of gallstones. During pregnancy, most women receive ultrasound scans, which are highly sensitive in detecting gallstones. The study was undertaken to evaluate the prevalence of gallstones among the pregnant woman. ...

Ultrasound is the most valuable imaging modality in evaluating the premenopausal female presenting with acute pelvic pain. The appropriate interpretation of the ultrasound study requires correlation with the patient's clinical history and laboratory values. This is especially true of the serum beta-hCG, where ultrasound relies on this test to make ...

OBJECTIVE: Velamentous insertion of the umbilical cord, with a reported incidence of 1% in singleton pregnancies, has been associated with several obstetric complications including fetal growth restriction, prematurity, congenital anomalies, low Apgar scores, fetal bleeding and retained placenta. The aim of this study was to determine the feasibility of identifying ...

Three-dimensional transvaginal ultrasound was used to determine the location of early gestational sacs (E-GSs) and, as a result, the physiological implantation sites of human blastocysts. We examined 138 patients who were found by three-dimensional transvaginal ultrasound to have a GS with an inner diameter of 3 to 6 mm (E-GS). ...

We describe a case of first-trimester diagnosis of micrognathia. A transvaginal ultrasound scan performed at 13 weeks' gestation revealed an abnormal fetal facial profile consisting of a small mandible and a receding chin. A subsequent amniocentesis at 15 weeks' gestation revealed a normal karyotype. A morphology scan and subsequent postmortem ...

Areal bone mineral density (BMD, g/cm 2) was measured for the total body, lumbar spine and hip with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) before pregnancy and after delivery in sixteen women aged 21 - 35 years. Additional measurements included quantitative ultrasound indices (broadband ultrasound attenuation, BUA, at the calcaneus at baseline ...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the accuracy of intrapartum transvaginal digital examination in defining the position of the fetal head before instrumental delivery. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In 64 singleton pregnancies undergoing instrumental delivery the fetal head position was determined by transvaginal digital examination by the attending obstetrician. Immediately after or before the ...

OBJECTIVE: To measure the accuracy of three-dimensional (3D) sonohysterography in detecting intrauterine lesions. DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: Teaching hospital. PATIENT(S): Two hundred nine infertile patients suspected to have an intrauterine lesion on 2D ultrasound or hysterosalpingography. INTERVENTION(S): Three-dimensional ultrasound, 2D and 3D sonohysterography (SHG). Ninety-two of the patients had a ...

BACKGROUND: Esophageal atresia (EA), with or without tracheoesophageal fistula (TOF) is one of the most correctable fetal anomalies if diagnosed antenatally by serial ultrasound. We retrospectively evaluated antenatal diagnoses by ultrasound of EA with or without TOF at our institution in Saudi Arabia. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We examined the records ...

Diastrophic dwarfism is a skeletal dysplasia that can be identified by ultrasound usually during the second trimester of pregnancy. This severe but non-lethal disorder of the cartilage can be diagnosed earlier using transvaginal sonography (TVS). We present a case of diastrophic dysplasia diagnosed at 13 weeks of gestation by TVS. ...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The aim of this review article is to familiarize the reader with the current developments dealing with ultrasound during the first trimester of pregnancy. RECENT FINDINGS: The main emphasis of this article is to review the anatomy seen during the first trimester and to bring to the ...

OBJECTIVE: Craniosynostosis is defined as the premature closure of the calvarial sutures. The prevalence of this heterogeneous condition is 1 in 2000 and approximately 100 different forms have been described with an established genetic transmission in half of them. Prenatal diagnosis of craniosynostosis relies mainly on identification of associated anomalies ...

A characteristic prenatal ultrasonographic finding of patent urachus is described. Routine obstetrical ultrasonography first revealed a cystic mass in the umbilical cord at 16 weeks of gestation. The mass spontaneously decreased in size and was undetectable at full term on serial ultrasound examination. The male newborn infant was delivered uneventfully ...

The goal of the study was to assess the prognostic value of ultrasound finding of fetal cystic hygromas. Thirty cases of septated cystic hygromas were diagnosed at 10-15 weeks gestation by transabdominal ultrasound and followed through pregnancy. The rate of abnormal karyotype was found to be 61% and the global ...

Uterine anomalies implicated in female subfertility, implantation failure and miscarriages can often be detected often by two-dimensional transvaginal (2D TV) ultrasound scanning. When used as a screening test TV ultrasound has provided sensitivity rates of up to 100% about uterine anomalies. Improved depiction has been achieved with the development of ...

OBJECTIVE: To assess the factors influencing the prenatal detection rate of structural congenital heart diseases (CHDs). METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted at a major obstetric hospital in Australia between 1 January 1996 and 30 June 1999. The medical records of all fetuses and infants born with CHD, except those ...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The development of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA)-induced tissue fluorescence is optimal 2-4 hours after ALA application. Goal of this work was to develop a means of accelerating oral topical ALA-induced tissue fluorescence. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 300 hamsters, DMBA (9,10 dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene) cheek pouch carcinogenesis produced dysplasia in ...

OBJECTIVE: To assess the value of ultrasound measurement of twin dividing membrane thickness in predicting chorionicity and perinatal outcome. To compare magnified with unmagnified images, and measurements taken with dividing membranes parallel and perpendicular to the ultrasound beam. METHODS: This was a prospective, observational cohort study of twin-pregnancy ultrasound examinations ...

OBJECTIVE: To identify clinical, ultrasound and biochemical parameters that may allow prediction of pregnancy viability in women without a detectable embryo on ultrasound examination. METHODS: This was a prospective observational study of pregnant women with an ultrasound finding of a gestational sac measuring < 20 mm mean diameter without a ...

Portable ultrasound assessment of postmicturition bladder for residual urine volume is rapid, accurate, and precise. However, other cystic pelvic pathologic conditions may present as a false-positive finding on the ultrasound. We describe two cases in which the residual urine was falsely detected as being elevated due to unsuspected pregnancy.

Ultrasound is well recognized imaging modality for prenatal diagnosis of fetal congenital anomalies. However, precise diagnosis of fetal anomaly with gray scale ultrasound may not be possible at times. Color Doppler ultrasound compliments gray scale ultrasound in accurately diagnosing fetal anomaly. We report a case of an omphalocele with short ...

OBJECTIVE: To study the association of umbilical cord presentation found on antenatal ultrasound and the incidence of cord prolapse in labor. STUDY DESIGN: We reviewed the antenatal records of all deliveries in the Mount Sinai Hospital in a 5-year period and conducted two separate retrospective studies. In the first study ...

OBJECTIVE: This is a retrospective study accomplished to determine the efficiency of the first trimester ultrasound examination especially when performed on elective conditions. MATERIALS AND METHOD: The records of patients who had undergone early first trimester transvaginal ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of Cerrahpasa School of Medicine, Istanbul University ...

The mechanism of ultrasound augmentation of pharmacological thrombolysis is yet unknown. The goal of this study is to find the best timing regimen for in-vitro ultrasound augmented clot dissolution by streptokinase, heparin and their combination. Blood clots from 4 donors were cut into 200-400 mg sections and randomized to no ...

OBJECTIVE: To detect possible sources of bias in ultrasound prediction of gestational age. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Using the Swedish Medical Birth Registry, 571 617 women were identified who were delivered between 1990 and 1997 and who had obtainable information on last menstrual period and expected date of delivery according to ...

Acoustic exposure from modern ultrasonographic devices is capable of disturbing biological tissue to varying extent depending on the type of ultrasound examination and the particular tissue under investigation. There is no strong evidence that these biological effects present a serious health hazard, however, knowledge is incomplete, particularly from human studies. ...

The fetus of a 35-year-old woman, gravida 5, para 3, was diagnosed with isolated left-sided congenital talipes equinovarus on routine ultrasound at 22 weeks of gestation. Parents were counselled about the abnormality but still ultrasound pictures made it difficult for them to understand the nature of the defect. A three-dimensional ...

The present paper summarizes some of the epidemiological studies of in utero ultrasound exposure and subsequent childhood development. Emphasis is placed on birth weight, childhood malignancies, neurological development, handedness and speech development. The epidemiological evidence does not indicate any association between diagnostic ultrasound exposure during pregnancy and reduced birth weight, ...

OBJECTIVE: To compare the accuracy of bimanual pelvic examination to ultrasound in the assessment of gestational age and to evaluate resident and faculty accuracy, and residents' learning to perform pelvic examination. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, blinded, descriptive, correlational study of clinical bimanual examination versus ultrasound dating pregnancy prior to first-trimester abortion. ...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the accuracy of intrapartum transvaginal digital examination in defining the position of the fetal head. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In 496 singleton pregnancies in labor at term, the fetal head position was determined by routine transvaginal digital examination by the attending midwife or obstetrician. Immediately before or after ...

BACKGROUND: Adverse obstetric outcome in fetuses that are smaller than expected at second trimester routine ultrasound examination. AIM: To assess the obstetric outcome when the interval between the estimated date of delivery by last menstrual period and the estimated date of delivery by second trimester ultrasound exceeds 14 days. MATERIALS ...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the natural history and outcome of fetal talipes diagnosed by routine ultrasound scanning at 18-23 weeks' gestation. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This was a retrospective study of 103 228 pregnancies undergoing routine ultrasound scanning at 18-23 weeks' gestation. A computer search was made to identify all cases of ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether transabdominal ultrasound guidance during embryo transfer (ET) is a useful tool for increasing pregnancy rates in patients undergoing oocyte donation. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, controlled trial. SETTING: In vitro fertilization academic center. PATIENT(S): Three hundred seventy-four infertile patients undergoing oocyte donation. INTERVENTION(S): Transabdominal ultrasound-guided ET. MAIN OUTCOME ...

Bioeffects after exposure to ultrasound are correlated to its duration. Although diagnostic ultrasound has been suggested to induce apoptosis, the underlying signal transduction pathway remains elusive. In this study, women in the first trimester of pregnancy were exposed to transvaginal diagnostic ultrasound with 5.0-MHz frequency for 0, 10, 20, or ...

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the potential of three-dimensional power Doppler sonography in morphologic and functional assessment of the fetus and placenta. METHODS: Review of the recent literature on three-dimensional sonography in early pregnancy and in the second and third trimester. RESULTS: Three-dimensional sonography plays an important role in obstetrics predominantly for ...

BACKGROUND: Incidental pregnancy in trauma patients is associated with a high fetal mortality. Because of quality assurance reasons, many trauma centers have eliminated the rapid urine pregnancy screen. We sought to determine the utility and impact of the initial ultrasound examination in the diagnosis of pregnancy in female trauma patients. ...

OBJECTIVE: To report the occurrence of a spontaneous pregnancy in a patient who was homozygous for the Q106R mutation in the GnRH receptor (GnRHR) gene. DESIGN: Case report. SETTING: Reproductive endocrinology unit of an academic medical center. PATIENT(S): A 27-year-old woman who initially presented with partial idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and ...