Endometrial polyps destroy the endometrial texture and play an important role in implantation failure. There is no consensus about the management of patients diagnosed with endometrial polyp in IVF cycles. In this study, nine patients who underwent assisted reproduction treatment cycles were diagnosed with endometrial polyps less than 1.5 cm ...

To investigate the outcome of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) in special infertile patients following modified super-long down-regulation protocol combined with human menopausal gonadotropin (HMG) stimulation. Ninety-nine special patients (42 with endometriosis, 35 with PCOS, and 22 with insufficient down-regulation) who underwent modified super-long down-regulation protocol in 2008 ...

OBJECTIVE: To clarify the differences in clinical characteristics between early and late ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: Tertiary university hospital. PATIENT(S): Ninety-four patients/cycles hospitalized for moderate-to-severe OHSS after controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) for IVF/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI); early type (n = 69) and late type (n = ...

To confirm the beneficial effect of endometrial coculture in patients with repeated failures with assisted reproductive techniques (ART). Patients with previous failures were offered a repetition of ART in conjunction with autologous endometrial coculture. Private fertility center. Sixty-eight couples who had attempted 92 cycles of IVF or intracytoplasmic sperm injection ...

To test the hypothesis that the addition of 6 mg estradiol (E2) valerate either orally or vaginally to progesterone (P) for luteal support, can increase the probability of pregnancy in intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles using the long agonist protocol. Prospective open-labeled randomized controlled trial. Private and university fertility centers. ...

BACKGROUND: Intrauterine insemination (IUI) with or without ovarian stimulation is a common treatment for infertility. Despite its popularity, the effectiveness of IUI treatment is not consistent, and the role of IUI and in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment in practice protocols has not been clarified. METHODS: Medline searches were done by ...

To study if luteal E(2) pre-treatment before GnRH antagonist protocol improves IVF/ICSI outcomes compared with standard long GnRH agonist protocol. A prospective, randomized and controlled study. ART center of a state public hospital Two hundred twenty infertile women underwent IVF/ICSI treatments. Participants received oral Estradiol Valerate 4 mg/day preceding the ...

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of ganirelix on controlled ovarian stimulation and intrauterine insemination (COS/IUI) cycles in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, controlled clinical study. SETTING: An academic clinical research center. PATIENT(S): Women with PCOS and anovulatory infertility undergoing COS/IUI. INTERVENTION(S): Recombinant FSH therapy was started ...

OBJECTIVE: To prospectively assess the reproductive outcome with a small bolus of hCG administered on the day of oocyte retrieval after ovulation induction with a GnRH agonist (GnRHa). DESIGN: Prospective, randomized trial. SETTING: Three hospital-based IVF clinics. PATIENT(S): Three hundred five IVF/intracytoplasmic sperm injection patients after a GnRH antagonist protocol. ...

To determine whether inducing ovulation with a GnRH agonist in patients with polycystic ovaries (PCO) would permit oocyte retrieval without the burden or risk of cancellation, coasting, or ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS), thus maintaining pregnancy rates by allowing embryo cryopreservation for transfer in a subsequent cycle. Retrospective observational study. Private ...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate pregnancy outcomes in initial and replicate IVF cycles. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective analysis of 2,167 fresh, nondonor IVF cycles performed in a large private practice from January 1, 2005, to March 1, 2006. Standard controlled ovarian hyperstimulation and laboratory protocols were followed. RESULTS: Patients undergoing multiple treatment ...

To test the possibility of stimulating ovaries with a mild IVF approach using a GnRH agonist long protocol. Retrospective study of 142 first IVF cycles of women aged 30 to 35 who had undergone stimulation with 100 IU or 150 IU of rFSH. The mean dose of rFSH used was ...

BACKGROUND: Individualization of controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) for assisted conception is complicated by variable ovarian response to follicle stimulating hormone. We hypothesized that anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), a predictor of oocyte yield, may facilitate treatment strategies for women undergoing COS, to optimize safety and clinical pregnancy rates. METHODS: Prospective cohort study ...

BACKGROUND: It has been suggested in the literature that low-dose aspirin leads to an increased number of oocytes in IVF/ICSI as well as a higher pregnancy rate. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of daily administration of low-dose aspirin, compared with placebo, on pregnancy rate ...

OBJECTIVE: To compare stimulation profiles, pregnancy, and live birth rates in poor responders during in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles using either a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist (cetrorelix) or a GnRH agonist flare protocol (leuprolide). DESIGN: Retrospective chart review. SETTING: A university-affiliated IVF program. PATIENT(S): Women designated as poor responders based ...

BACKGROUND: Despite the clinical outcomes of ovarian stimulation with either GnRH-agonist or GnRH-antagonist analogues for in vitro fertilization (IVF) being well analysed, the effect of analogues on oocyte/embryo quality and embryo development is still not known in detail. The aim of this case-control study was to compare the efficacy of ...

The predictive value of pre-ovulatory hormones for achievement of pregnancy has been extensively evaluated in assisted reproductive technologies. Currently, no high-quality evidence exists to support or deny an association between oestradiol levels on the day of human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) administration and pregnancy achievement in IVF cycles. Retrospective studies appear ...

BACKGROUND: Subfertility due to anovulation is a common problem in women. First-line oral treatment is with anti-oestrogens, for example clomiphene citrate, but resistance (failure to ovulate) may be apparent with clomiphene. Alternative and adjunctive treatments have been developed such as tamoxifen, dexamethasone, and bromocriptine. OBJECTIVES: To determine the relative effectiveness ...

This study sought to describe patient features before beginning fertility treatment, and to ascertain their perceptions relative to risk of twin pregnancy outcomes associated with such therapy. Data on readiness for twin pregnancy outcome from in vitro fertilisation (IVF) was gathered from men and women before initiating fertility treatment by ...

Knowledge of the physiology of folliculogenesis has led to a better understanding of the role of LH activity in this process. This role has been investigated in the setting of ovarian stimulation and several treatment modalities have been proposed. LH activity can be provided in the forms of: (i) human ...

BACKGROUND: Over the last several decades, as a result of an evolution in manufacturing processes, a marked development has been made in the field of gonadotropins for ovarian stimulation. Initially, therapeutic gonadotropins were produced from a simple process of urine extraction and purification; now they are produced via a complex ...

PURPOSE: To demonstrate that the concept that a level of serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) of > 15 mIU/ml on day 3 of a younger woman's menstrual cycle suggests that the remaining eggs are of very poor quality consistent with a woman of very advanced reproductive age is a fallacy. ...

BACKGROUND: To test if early-cleavage was a strong predictor of pregnancy in patients receiving either a GnRH agonist long protocol or a GnRH antagonist protocol for in-vitro fertilization treatment (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). METHODS: This retrospective study included 534 patients undergoing a fresh cycle of oocyte retrieval and ...

This study aimed to detect the levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-2 and -9, using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, in the follicular fluid of 35 patients with polycystic ovaries, compare them with the levels found in 35 normally ovulating women enrolled in their first in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycle and then correlate ...

BACKGROUND: The use of insulin-sensitising agents, such as metformin, in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) who are undergoing ovulation induction or in vitro fertilisation (IVF) cycles has been widely studied. Suppression of insulin levels with metformin might reduce the hyperinsulinaemia and hyperandrogenism suppression of the ovarian response. As a ...

BACKGROUND: Multiple pregnancies are high risk pregnancies with higher chances of maternal and neonatal mortality and morbidity. In the past decades the number of multiple pregnancies has increased. This trend is partly due to the fact that women start family planning at an increased age, but also due to the ...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the pregnancy outcome after ovulation induction with aromatase inhibitors or clomiphene citrate (CC). DESIGN: A prospective, randomized, controlled trial. SETTING: A university hospital center and a private practice setting. POPULATION: The study comprised a total of 796 infertile women (1,100 cycles) and 200 spontaneously pregnant women (298 ...

Low ovulatory and pregnancy rates with clomiphene citrate (CC) in anovulatory polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). To find out the ovulatory and pregnancy rates in infertile PCOS subjects who receive CC alone and a combination of metformin and CC. A prospective controlled clinical trial conducted in the outpatient department from August ...

To determine if the choice of gonadotropin releasing hormone antagonist influences subsequent pregnancy rates in women with diminished egg reserve. Retrospective determination of pregnancy rates following embryo transfer in women with day 3 FSH >12 mIU/ml using lower dose gonadotropin stimulation regimen. Though no significant differences were found there was ...

This study presents the results of fresh and frozen-thawed embryo transfers in women undergoing IVF with gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists and GnRH antagonists. By evaluating cycle outcomes, the impact of two different protocols on the endometrium was indirectly evaluated. For 714 women, embryos were frozen following day-3 fresh embryo transfer ...

Although a large number of studies have been conducted in relation to ovarian response and pregnancy after GnRH agonist and GnRH antagonist controlled ovarian hyperstimulation protocols, most of them used single or combinations of a few predictive factors, and none included the stimulation protocol in the multivariable analysis. The present ...

Claudin-4 (CLDN4) is one of several proteins that act as molecular mediators of embryo implantation. Recently, we examined immunolabeling of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) in the endometrial tissue of 52 IVF patients, and found that LIF staining intensity was strongly correlated with successful pregnancy initiation. In the same set of ...

This study investigated whether luteal phase initiation of FSH supplementation would improve oocyte yield compared with follicular phase administration in women with poor ovarian response (POR). A two-arm, randomized, open-label pilot trial was performed at a university-based infertility centre. In nine of 18 infertile women with a history of POR ...

Patients with unexplained infertility managed repeatedly with clomiphene citrate need parameters to predict pregnancy to save them further unsuccessful trials and shorten their treatment to pregnancy interval. Ovulation was induced in 226 unexplained infertility patients, who had three previous failed cycles, with 100 mg clomiphene citrate (CC) from days 3 ...

The aim was to determine pregnancy rate following intrauterine insemination (IUI) and its associated factors in a university assisted reproductive technique center in Tehran, Iran. A retrospective analysis of 350 IUI cycles with ovarian stimulation by clomiphene citrate and/or gonadotropins was performed. The overall pregnancy rate was 22% (77/350). Of ...

The cystic endometrial hyperplasia and pyometra complex is one of the most common uterine diseases in bitches. The appearance of pharmacological preparations containing anti-progestagens created new possibilities for pyometra treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the curative effect of the anti-progestagen aglepristone treatment of pyometra in bitches ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the predictive factors for pregnancy after IUI. DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: A single university medical center. PATIENT(S): One thousand thirty-eight IUI cycles in 353 couples were studied between 2002 and 2005. INTERVENTION(S): Ovarian stimulation via SC injection of FSH or hMG was performed daily; IUI was then ...

Poor ovarian response in IVF cycles is associated with poor pregnancy rates. Expected poor responders may represent the worst prognostic group. Data were used from 222 patients starting the first of three IVF treatment cycles. The predictability of ongoing pregnancy after three cycles was analysed using survival analysis and hazard ...

AIM: Our aim was to compare the efficacy and safety of recombinant and urinary human chorionic gonadotropin (rhCG and uhCG, respectively) for the induction of follicle maturation in women undergoing intrauterine insemination (IUI). METHODS: Patients were randomized to receive rhCG or uhCG. IUI was carried out 24 h (day 1) ...

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the dynamics of endometrial stripe thickness during gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist pituitary downregulation in in vitro fertilization (IVF)/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles are related to implantation and pregnancy outcomes. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study evaluated 115 conventional IVF/ICSI cycles. All ...

To determine whether there is a superior treatment modality for 'poor' responders. Retrospective analysis of three stimulation regimens, with patients stratified based on age, stimulation regime and response in previous cycles ("poor' responder or "non poor" responder). Fertilisation, embryo utilisation and clinical pregnancy rates were assessed. There were a total ...

OBJECTIVE: To explore the long- and short-term trends in LH-suppression protocol use and patient profile characteristics. DESIGN: Descriptive study, retrospective cohort. SETTING: Large, university-based IVF center. PATIENT(S): Four thousand five hundred one fresh IVF cycles categorized by use of GnRH antagonist, luteal GnRH agonist, and follicular microdose GnRH agonist. INTERVENTION(S): ...

OBJECTIVE: To review factors associated with high-order multiple births (HOMB) due to ovulation induction (OI) and the efficacy of strategies to reduce their occurrence. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of published studies of OI with intrauterine insemination (IUI) where patient and cycle characteristics were fully documented. RESULT(S): High-order multiple pregnancies (HOMP) were ...

Investigators often employ a single cross-sectional measure of in utero exposure when evaluating associations between organochlorine (OCs) pesticides/metabolites and adverse reproductive outcomes. Few data are available on the stability of exposures to OCs over critical windows of human reproduction and development inclusive of the periconception window. Our objective was to ...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate trends and outcomes from preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) cycles. DESIGN: Retrospective data review. SETTING: A reference laboratory specializing in the provision of PGD services. PATIENT(S): One hundred sixty-two patients at risk of transmitting a serious monogenic disorder to their children. INTERVENTION(S): In vitro fertilization and PGD. MAIN ...

To examine pregnancy rate in patients undergoing controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) with use of multidose GnRH antagonists in multiple repeated IVF cycle attempts, we conducted a survey in 785 consecutive IVF cycles in our unit. Although pregnancy rate significantly decreased beyond the second IVF cycle attempt, no significant decrease was ...

In an attempt to examine and compare the effect of the two commercially available recombinant FSH on ovarian stimulation characteristics and IVF cycle outcome, we studied 264 IVF cycles in patients with a favorable prognosis a priori, 198 in patients using follitropin-alpha, and 68 in patients using follitropin-beta. Although both ...

The ability to prevent an endogenous LH surge revolutionised the efficacy of assisted reproductive techniques (ART) such that GnRH agonists were rapidly adopted in the 1980s. Prior to this, premature luteinisation occurred in up to 25% of superovulated cycles leading to cycle cancellation and severely compromised outcomes. Analogues have been ...

Among 2,245 women, those who experienced a chemical pregnancy that failed to progress to a clinically recognized pregnancy or a spontaneous abortion on their first IVF cycle were more likely to discontinue IVF treatment than those whose first cycle ended before embryo transfer or who did not have a positive ...

Letrozole is the third-generation aromatase inhibitor (AI) most widely used in assisted reproduction. AIs induce ovulation by inhibiting estrogen production; the consequent hypoestrogenic state increases GnRH release and pituitary follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) synthesis. A systematic search of the literature was performed for both prospective and retrospective studies. Meta-analyses of randomized ...