OBJECTIVES: The size of the posterior fossa (PF) is a significant parameter in diagnosing PF malformations. In this study nomograms of PF dimensions in normal foetuses, assessed in the median plane in the second and third trimesters, were constructed. Fetuses diagnosed with PF abnormalities were studied concerning the created tables ...

In rodents, physical activity during pregnancy has been associated with improved learning and memory in the offspring. We used data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (born in 1991-92) to investigate maternal physical activity during pregnancy and offspring language development. At 18 weeks of gestation, women reported ...

Objective: To construct reference ranges of fetal ductus arteriosus (DA) derived by volume datasets of cardio-spatiotemporal image correlation (cardio-STIC). Methods: Cardio-STIC volume datasets were acquired from low-risk singleton pregnancies with a reliable gestational age from 14 to 40 weeks. In offline analysis with 4D View version 9, fetal DA was ...

OBJECTIVE: To assess whether light drinking in pregnancy is linked to unfavourable developmental outcomes in children. DESIGN: Prospective population-based cohort. SETTING: UK. POPULATION: Ten thousand five hundred and thirty-four 7-year-olds. METHODS: Quasi-experimental using propensity score matching (PSM) to compare children born to light (up to 2 units per week) and non-drinkers. ...

BACKGROUND: Maternal pre-pregnancy obesity may be associated with impaired infant neuropsychological development; however, there are few studies and it is unclear if reported associations are due to intrauterine mechanisms. METHODS: We assessed whether maternal pre-pregnancy overweight and obesity were associated with cognitive and psychomotor development scores (mean 100 ± 15) ...

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine whether a web-based education strategy could improve maternal knowledge of placental complications of pregnancy and reduce maternal anxiety in high risk-pregnancies. Methods: Prospective study in the Placenta Clinic at Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario. Maternal demographics and Internet usage were recorded ...

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Maternal nutritional factors during pregnancy have been linked to foetal brain development and subsequent offspring behaviour. Less is known about associations between maternal dietary patterns and offspring behaviour. METHODS: Within a population-based cohort, we assessed maternal diet using a food frequency questionnaire. Three dietary patterns were derived ...

Abstract Objectives: To find an effective way to predict cesarean section (CS) before induction of labor. Methods: Nulliparous women at ≥41 weeks of pregnancy were enrolled in study. Bishop score, cervical length, posterior cervical angle, quantification of the cervical stromal echogenity by tissue histograms and opening of the internal cervical ...

BACKGROUND: To establish the unbiased relation between maternal weight gain in pregnancy and perinatal health, a classification for maternal weight gain is needed that is uncorrelated with gestational age. OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to create a weight-gain-for-gestational-age percentile and z score chart to describe the mean, SD, ...

STUDY QUESTION: Can the ability of the endometriosis fertility index (EFI) to predict non-assisted reproductive technology (ART) pregnancy after endometriosis surgery be confirmed by an external validation study? SUMMARY ANSWER: The significant relationship between the EFI score and the time to non-ART pregnancy observed in our study represents an external ...

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) are related to premature delivery and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), and share histological findings of the placenta. Association with complement dysregulation has been reported in pregnancy for both disorders. The purpose of this study was to investigate the utility of C4d immunohistochemistry ...

We report on a case of a patient with schizophrenia who was taking 700 mg extended release quetiapine fumarate during her entire pregnancy to prevent relapse. At week 41 she gave birth to a healthy boy. The newborn's weight was 3410 gramms, his height was 49 cm, his Apgar score ...

OBJECTIVES: To study the association of maternal diabetes mellitus with placental weight, birthweight and placental to birthweight ratio. DESIGN: Population-based study. SETTING: Medical Birth Registry of Norway. POPULATION: All singleton births in Norway during 1999-2008 (n= 536 997). METHODS: We compared the distribution of placental weight z-scores and placental to ...

BACKGROUND: Use of antidepressants during pregnancy has been associated with a low Apgar score in infants but a contribution from the underlying depressive disorder might influence this association. AIMS: To estimate the effects of maternal depression and use of antidepressants during pregnancy on low Apgar scores (<7) 5 min after ...

Background/objective:To assess the relationship between maternal stress and distress in pregnancy and 5-8 years postpartum and child nutritional status.Subjects/methods:Longitudinal cohort study carried out in Jundiai city, Southeast Brazil, involving 409 women followed throughout pregnancy to 5-8 years postpartum, and respective children. Measures of stress and distress were obtained three times ...

An association of gestational weight gain (GWG) with offspring cognition has been postulated. We used data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, a United Kingdom prospective cohort (1990 through the present) with a median of 10 maternal weight measurements in pregnancy. These were used to allocate participants ...

BACKGROUND: Maternal psychological distress during pregnancy might lead to higher fetal cortisol exposure, which subsequently leads to fetal cardiovascular developmental adaptations and cardiovascular dysfunction in later life. AIMS: We examined whether maternal and paternal psychological distress was associated with the cardiovascular outcome measurements in school age children. STUDY DESIGN AND ...

Context:Relatively little is known in euthyroid populations about the changes in maternal thyroid hormones during pregnancy, the nature of the relationship to cord thyroid hormone levels, and subsequent infant neurodevelopment.Objectives:The aim of the study was to describe the relationship between maternal and cord thyroid hormone parameters and to describe their ...

OBJECTIVE: To examine whether the cavum septi pellucidi (CSP) is larger in second and third trimester fetuses with chromosomal abnormalities than in euploid fetuses. METHODS: Retrospective study utilizing stored 2D images of second and third trimester fetuses between 18 and 40 week' gestation from the Department of prenatal medicine at ...

BACKGROUND:: The fetus depends on maternal thyroid hormones during pregnancy for normal brain development. Little is known about the effects of subclinical hypothyroidism and mild hypothyroxinemia during pregnancy on neurodevelopment of the child. METHODS:: We evaluated a population-based birth cohort in Spain. A total of 1761 children and their mothers ...

Gingival changes in pregnancy have been attributed to changes in the subgingival biofilm related to hormonal variations. To evaluate the subgingival plaque microflora in pregnant and nonpregnant women to determine if pregnancy induces any alterations in the subgingival plaque and to associate these changes with changes in periodontal status. Thirty ...

Abstract Aims: The primary aim of this study was to compare circulatory changes in the fetal brain under certain pathological conditions with alterations in fetal behavior. Patients and methods: A prospective longitudinal cohort study on fetal behavior of fetuses from singleton pregnancies between the 28th and 38th gestational week in ...

: To examine the independent contribution of risk factors developing during pregnancy to subsequent risk of obesity in young children. : We conducted a historical cohort study using data from electronic medical records of mothers and their 3,302 singleton offspring born between 2004 and 2007 at a community-based obstetric facility ...

Aiming at preventing excessive weight gain during pregnancy, 10 specific dietary recommendations are given to pregnant women in the intervention arm of the Norwegian Fit for Delivery (FFD) study. This paper presents the rationale and test-retest reliability of the food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and a dietary score measuring adherence to ...

Background: Estrogen regulates the cellular functions of several tissues that may disturb the host response against bacteria. The present aim was to evaluate the contribution of estrogen on the severity of gingival inflammation during pregnancy. Methods: Salivary estrogen levels from 30 pregnant and 24 non-pregnant women were related to their ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Sleep disturbances in late pregnancy are common. This study aimed to survey sleep problems in third trimester pregnant women and to compare sleep in the pre-pregnancy period with the third trimester. METHODS: Third-trimester women (n=650) were sent a postal survey containing questions relating to sleep experience, including perceived ...

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to explore the developmental effects of prenatal exposure to Pb and Cd on infant cognitive development at 6 months of age. METHODS: Between 2006 and 2010, the blood levels of Pb and Cd were measured in 884 mothers during their early and late pregnancy. The mental ...

Success rates with IVF have improved remarkably since the procedure was first established for clinical use with the first successful birth in 1978. The main goals today are to perform single-embryo transfer in order to prevent multiple pregnancies and achieve higher overall pregnancy rates. However, the ability to identify the ...

Abstract Objective: To assess and compare fetal behavior and neurodevelopment (KANET) between low and high risk pregnancies. Methods: Prospective, comparative, cohort study. 152 consecutive pregnant women presenting for routine 2(nd) trimester and 3(rd) trimester scan had four dimensional ultrasound examinations (4D US) in order to assess fetal behavior and neurodevelopment. ...

The relevance of the uterine secretions during early embryonic development is due to its role as the only source of nutrients for embryo prior to implantation. Probing of the uterine secretions during early pregnancy without compromising gestation would be an important tool for the identification of fertility markers. Manipulations of ...

OBJECTIVES: Unintended pregnancy may have negative impacts on maternal health. However, no comprehensive studies have been undertaken on the health of women with intended and unintended pregnancies. This study aimed to compare the health status of women with intended and unintended pregnancies in Iran. STUDY DESIGN: Comparative study. METHODS: Two ...

OBJECTIVES: To examine whether reduced conus distance (CD) measurement may be a marker for impaired growth of the fetal trunk in fetuses with certain types of skeletal dysplasia. METHODS: Two hundred fifty-four normal cases and 24 pregnancies with skeletal dysplasia were included. The fetuses with skeletal dysplasia were subdivided into ...

STUDY QUESTION: What is the performance of a simple scoring system to predict whether women will have an ongoing viable intrauterine pregnancy beyond the first trimester? SUMMARY ANSWER: A simple scoring system using demographic and initial ultrasound variables accurately predicts pregnancy viability beyond the first trimester with an area under ...

OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that maternal antenatal exposure to life stress events is associated with lower achievement in literacy and numeracy at age 10 years, with sex differences in this link. STUDY DESIGN: The Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort Study recruited 2900 women at 18 weeks' pregnancy, and 2868 children ...

We tested whether maternal vitamin D insufficiency during pregnancy is related to the autism phenotype. Serum 25(OH)-vitamin D concentrations of 929 women were measured at 18 weeks' pregnancy. The mothers of the three children with a clinical diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder had 25(OH)-vitamin D concentrations above the population mean. The ...

To assess a scoring system to triage women with a pregnancy of unknown location. Validation of prediction rule. Multicenter study. Women with a pregnancy of unknown location. None. Scores assigned to factors identified at clinical presentation, total score calculated to assess risk of ectopic pregnancy (EP) in women with a ...

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia causes genital ambiguity in females affected with the severe form of the disease; yet the abnormality is preventable with prenatal dexamethasone treatment that must be given to the mother before the ninth week of gestation. In the period from 1978 to March 2011 we have made prenatal ...

Abstract Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical value of Kurjak's Antenatal Neurodevelopmental Test (KANET), a new test for fetal neurodevelopment. Methods: One hundred seventeen prenatal neurological tests were performed by the KANET scoring system between 28 and 38 weeks of gestation in 24 low-risk (24 ...

Abstract Objective: To study the effect of fetal anemia on fetal cardiac troponin T (cTnT) in pregnancies complicated by RhD alloimmunization. Method: twenty pregnant women complicated by RhD alloimmunization who underwent intrauterine transfusion (IUT) for treatment of fetal anemia were studied. Immediately before IUT, fetal blood were obtained for Hemoglobin ...

OBJECTIVE:To investigate whether circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D(3) [25(OH)D(3)] concentration in pregnancy is associated with neuropsychological development in infants.METHODS:The Spanish population-based cohort study INfancia y Medio Ambiente Project recruited pregnant women during the first trimester of pregnancy between November 2003 and February 2008. Completed data on 1820 mother-infant pairs were used. Maternal ...

OBJECTIVE: We review intervention trials that have used the State-Trait Anxiety inventory (STAI) as a measure of maternal anxiety in pregnancy in order to provide ranges in scores before and after participation in complementary therapy-based interventions to highlight the expected ranges of scores in pregnancy and determine whether anxiety in ...

Arrhythmias during pregnancy are not an infrequent problem and present a difficult therapeutic challenge to physicians. Anti-arrhythmic medication is used with some trepidation given concerns for the unborn foetus. Catheter ablation is typically avoided due to concerns regarding foetal exposure to radiation and delayed until the post-partum period. With the ...

In pregnant women with heart disease, complications can arise due to the haemodynamic burden of pregnancy and to hypercoagulation. Most problems can be managed medically, but sometimes cardiac surgery or percutaneous intervention is unavoidable. Cardiac surgery has similar maternal mortality to that outside pregnancy, but foetal mortality and morbidity are ...

To compare the safety and effectiveness of vaginal misoprostol with combined vaginal misoprostol and estradiol for induction of labor in unfavorable cervix. A prospective study was carried out from Jan 2008 to Jul 2008 on total of 90 women with unfavorable cervix (Bishop's score was <5) and gestation >36 weeks with ...

Nuchal umbilical cord (NUC) is a possible complication of pregnancy which can be associated with adverse perinatal outcome. A retrospective study was done at the County Emergency Hospital Timisoara, Romania, between January 2009 and December 2010 and included cases with NUC at the time of delivery. Outcome variable related to ...

The present study explores two hypotheses: a) women during early pregnancy should experience increased color discrimination ability, and b) women during early pregnancy should experience shifts in subjective preference away from images of foods that appear either unripe or spoiled. Both of these hypotheses derive from an adaptive view of ...

A 28-year-old female developed liver dysfunction at the 13th gestation week of her second pregnancy. A postpartum radiological examination revealed a stone in the Roux-en Y (RY) limb. She underwent surgical removal of the gallstone in the RY limb. Bile congestion during pregnancy led to the development of a gallstone.

Evaluation of: Hawkes S, Matin N, Broutet N, Low N. Effectiveness of interventions to improve screening for syphilis in pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Infect. Dis. 11(9), 684-691 (2011). Untreated maternal syphilis continues to be an important risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes in many developing countries, resulting ...

About 2·1 million pregnant women have active syphilis every year. Without screening and treatment, 69% of these women will have an adverse outcome of pregnancy. The objectives of this study were to review the literature systematically to determine the effectiveness of screening interventions to prevent congenital syphilis and other adverse ...

Aims:  The aim of this study was to estimate the incidence, indications, risk factors, complications, and maternal morbidity and mortality associated with obstetric hysterectomy performed at the Zeynep Kamil Gynecologic and Pediatric Training and Research Hospital between January 2000 and January 2008. Material & Methods:  A retrospective study of patients ...