The objective of this study was to investigate whether pregnancy, delivery, and neonatal outcome among obese pregnant women who took part in an intervention study for weight restriction differed from a group of obese pregnant women attending regular antenatal care. The intervention group consisted of 155 obese pregnant women and ...

Several mechanisms of disease have been implicated in the pathophysiology of small-for-gestational-age (SGA) including an anti-angiogenic state, and an exaggerated intravascular pro-inflammatory response. Adiponectin plays a role in a wide range of biological activities including those that have been implicated in the pathophysiology SGA. Thus, the aim of this study ...

Adequate nutrient intake during pregnancy is important to fetal and maternal health. The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors affecting birth weight and gestational age and to provide basic data to promote more favorable pregnancy outcomes. Data were collected from 234 pregnant women at two hospitals in ...

The purpose of this study is to describe and clarify the birth and prenatal characteristics of a large cohort of children with optic nerve hypoplasia. This is a descriptive report of 204 patients aged </= 36 months and enrolled in a prospective study at the Children's Hospital Los Angeles. Birth ...

The objective of this study was to determine the possible use of heifer pregnancy at 16 mo as a selection criterion and its possible genetic associations with hip height, yearling weight, and visual scores of conformation, finishing, and muscling. The data set contained records of 56,458 Nelore yearlings for the ...

INTRODUCTION: Approximately 40% of women of childbearing age report that they are attempting to lose weight. No professional medical organization recommends attempting to lose weight during pregnancy because of the possible risks to both mother and baby. Since half of all pregnancies are unintended, women may attempt to lose weight ...

Topiramate (TPM) is generally recognized efficacious and safe in migraine prevention. A significant proportion of patients undergoing TPM administration may show weight loss. In epileptic subjects, high body mass index (BMI) was found to be predictive of weight loss under TPM therapy. We therefore aimed to study whether common clinical ...

We investigated the impact of maternal obesity on pregnancy outcomes. Women with normal or obese body mass index (BMI) who delivered singleton infants at term were identified from a perinatal database. Rates of pregnancy complications and neonatal outcomes were compared between women with normal prepregnancy BMI (20 to 24.9 kg/m ...

BACKGROUND: Data on extreme obesity and placental abruption are scarce. This study aimed to determine the association between pre-pregnancy weight and placental abruption and whether pregnancy weight gain impacts this risk. METHODS: We used the Missouri maternally linked cohort files (years 1989-1997). Analyses were restricted to singleton live births (n ...

AIM: We aimed to illustrate the relationship between maternal obesity during pregnancy and maternal and fetal outcomes. We examined the influence of maternal BMI at the beginning of pregnancy on risks of pregnancy and birth, and on the somatic classification of the neonates. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In our retrospective cohort ...

OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the predictive factors and short-term fetal outcomes of breech presentation by comparing breech and cephalic pregnancies of >or=36 weeks gestation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two hundred and one breech and 149 cephalic pregnancies of >or=36 weeks gestation, with no other maternal or fetal problems, were compared with ...

Several risk factors are associated with the incidence of human stillbirths. The prevention of stillbirths in women is a pressing clinical problem. We reviewed 402 pathology records of fetal loss occurring in a large baboon (Papio spp.) colony during a 15-year period. Clinical histories of 565 female baboons with one ...

Pregnancy is a critical time window for evaluating weight gain on subsequent risk for obesity among women of childbearing age. The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether symptoms of depression, anxiety, stress, self-esteem, and fetal health locus of control (FHLC) beliefs were significant risk factors for adequacy of ...

In the cooperative breeding system of cotton-top tamarin (TCB; Saguinus oedipus) <<expectant>> males gain weight during the last months of pregnancy of their partners as a way to cope with energy costs of reproduction. This phenomenon was described only in humans as a symptom of <<Couvade syndrome>>. As after infants' ...

This is a prospective study conducted in a dedicated post-dates clinic to investigate the importance of antenatal ultrasound, Doppler and cardiotocographic (CTG) indices in the prediction of adverse intra-partum events in prolonged pregnancy. Operative delivery for abnormal fetal ECG-ST segment analysis and/or an arterial cord pH < 7.15 were regarded ...

Plasma leptin level during pregnancy has been reported as a biochemical predictor of postpartum weight retention. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between pregnancy-related factors including plasma leptin and postpartum weight retention in Korean women. A convenience sampling method was used among women attending a high-risk ...

BACKGROUND: Results of experimental studies suggest that deviations in gut microbiota composition predispose to excessive energy storage and obesity. The mother influences the original inoculum and the development of infant microbiota, which in turn is associated with later weight gain. OBJECTIVE: We characterized the gut microbiota in women according to ...

BACKGROUND: Calcium may be mobilized from the maternal skeleton during pregnancy, which may be influenced by several factors. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to investigate changes in bone mineral status and size during pregnancy and to consider the influences of body weight and calcium intake. DESIGN: Thirty-four British women were studied ...

Pregnancy management to optimize maternal and neonatal health begins with breeding management and the selection of normal, healthy brood stock in ideal body condition. After breeding, a commercial diet appropriate for reproduction and lactation should be fed. Typically these contain 29-32% protein of animal source, at least 18% fat, 20-30% ...

The association of maternal weight gain with serum hormone concentrations was explored in 75 women who had healthy, singleton pregnancies. Estradiol, estriol, estrone, androstenedione, testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), and DHEA sulfate concentrations were measured both in maternal and mixed umbilical cord serum to assess hormone levels in both the maternal and ...

Maternal hypertiroidism is a relative rare disorder, which can seriously complicate pregnancy in each of its periods. There are several maternal and fetal complications during pregnancy, delivery and postpartum period. Correct management includes an accurate diagnosis, rigorous individualized treatment and minutious follow-up. We are presenting a retrospective study of 38 ...

OBJECTIVES: To determine the importance of pregnancy weight gain as a predictor of overweight (Body Mass Index [BMI] >85th percentile) in offspring at age 3 years and if its influence varies by maternal BMI. METHODS: Chi-square and logistic regression analyses were conducted on a sample of 208 mother-child pairs from ...

OBJECTIVE: The Hawthorne effect refers to improvement in performance solely due to the subject's knowledge that he or she is being studied. We sought to determine if an obstetrician's clinical estimation of fetal weight (EFW) is influenced by the Hawthorne effect seen in some clinical trials. STUDY DESIGN: We compared ...

Nutritional concerns in pregnancy are gaining increasing importance as problems with obesity, poor nutrition, and improper weight gain during pregnancy have been shown to result in morbidity for mother and infant during the pregnancy. More recent studies show that the impact of poor nutrition in pregnancy extends for decades to ...

Hypoxia exerts a profound depressant effect on fetal growth, lowering birth weight, and raising mortality risk. Multigenerational high-altitude populations are relatively protected from this birth-weight decline, leading us to hypothesize that genetic factors were involved. We asked if the amount of high- versus low-altitude ancestry influenced birth weight at high ...

A total of 4 of 153 low birth weight infants at our hospital were found to have pseudo-Bartter syndrome in 2005 and 2006. The neonates (two of whom were twins; light for gestational age 2, appropriate for gestational age 1 and small for gestational age 1) showed symptoms of apnea ...

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with increased maternal insulin resistance. Maternal hyperglycemia is a well known risk factor for fetal overgrowth. However, despite improved glycemia control, macrosomia complicates a significant proportion of diabetic pregnancies, resulting in increased perinatal risk. The aim of our retrospective study was to investigate the ...

OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between asthmatic pregnancies and selected maternal and neonatal outcomes in a representative cohort. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted at the Aga Khan University Hospital during the year 2004. A random selection was made of 65 asthmatic and 63 non-asthmatic singleton births. The neonatal ...

It has been proposed that prenatal nutrition provides the fetus with a cue allowing it to adjust biological settings in anticipation of postnatal nutrition. To evaluate the reliability of fetal growth rate as a nutritional cue, this study assesses the extent to which a nonnutritional factor-maternal illness symptoms during pregnancy-predicts ...

OBJECTIVE: Maternal pre-pregnancy weight is a risk of developing preeclampsia. Whether it is also associated with the disease severity is still elusive. This retrospective cohort was to determine the association between body mass index (BMI) at term and severity of preeclampsia. MATERIAL AND METHOD: BMIs on the delivery date of ...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the impact of abnormal nutrition during pregnancy on the insulin and leptin resistance of adult offsprings. METHODS: The model of abnormal nutrition during pregnancy was established, and these rats were fed whole-course low-protein or high-nutrition. After natural childbirth, the birth weight of each newborn rat was measured. ...

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine the relationship between adolescents' pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), and gestational weight gain and postpartum weight retention. DESIGN: We review the medical records of adolescents participating in a prospective cohort study on comprehensive health care and parenting education to determine pre-pregnancy BMI, gestational weight gain, and ...

OBJECTIVE: There exist controversial and discrepant results on the risk of spontaneous abortions and teratogenesis induced by interferon treatment in people with MS.Aim of this study is to evaluate risks of the administration of INFbeta related not only to the foetus, but also to children development up to 12-months developmental ...

OBJECTIVE: to understand postpartum weight retention among women of different body sizes at pre-pregnancy, and to explore factors influencing this weight retention. DESIGN: a comparative, descriptive study. Pre-pregnancy body mass indices (BMIs) were determined from hospital records. Dependent variables were measured by self-report questionnaires. SETTING: a 3,900-bed medical centre in ...

Recent studies suggest a benefit of seafood and n-3 fatty acid intake on fetal growth and infant development. The objective was to study the association between fatty acid intake and fetal growth in pregnant French women. Pregnant women included in the EDEN mother-child cohort study completed FFQ on their usual ...

BACKGROUND: Maternal obesity has a substantial associated morbidity and mortality affecting both mother and child. This has a major impact on provision of care due to increased requirements for both medical and surgical management of the consequences that follow obesity in pregnancy. METHODS: A review examined the English language literature ...

Adult peak bone mass is related to birth weight, suggesting it could be affected by fetal growth pattern. Small-for-gestational-age (SGA) newborns have lower bone mineral content (BMC), but what about adapted-for-gestational-age (AGA) newborns with fetal growth restriction? The purpose of the study was to determine the respective role of birth ...

By considering the eigenratio of the Laplacian of the connection graph as a synchronizability measure, we propose a procedure for weighting dynamical networks to enhance their synchronizability. The method is based on node and edge betweenness centrality measures and is tested on artificially constructed scale-free, Watts-Strogatz, and random networks as ...

We examined the psychological effects of rapid weight loss among a sample of 41 professional jockeys (mean age 30.9 years, s = 7.0). Participants completed the Brunel Mood Scale (BRUMS) and the Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26) to establish the relationships between rapid weight loss, mood, and attitudes towards eating. These ...

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the value of combining the sonographically estimated fetal weight (EFW) and amniotic fluid index (AFI) measured within 10 days of term delivery for prediction of macrosomia at birth. METHODS: Prospective sonographic fetal biometric measurements and delivery ward data of a single ...

OBJECTIVES: Ultrasound birth-weight prediction may be more accurate if assessed at 34 to 36 + 6 weeks' gestation and extrapolated using the gestation-adjusted projection (GAP) method than if done at term. Because ultrasound is less accurate in women with elevated body mass index (BMI), we assessed the accuracy of GAP ...

Obesity and excess gestational weight gain (EGWG) in pregnancy increase the risk for adverse maternal and infant outcomes. Along with careful monitoring of weight gain during pregnancy, early identification of a maladaptive response to the changes of pregnancy may help to avoid adverse outcomes. Simple physiologic markers such as resting ...

OBJECTIVE: To compare outcomes of fetuses with an estimated fetal weight (EFW) < 25(th) percentile in the second trimester to those in fetuses with EFW >or= 25(th) percentile in the second trimester. METHODS: We compared outcomes of 252 pregnancies with an EFW < 25(th) percentile at 18-24 weeks' gestation with ...

The potential of oral exposure to dolomite, a natural product that contains calcium and magnesium, to initiate teratogenesis was analyzed in Wistar rats. Animals received dolomite oral dosages of 500 and 1500mg/kg during the period of gestation from day 6-15 post conceptionem (p.c.). Maternal, embryo and fetal toxicity were evaluated. ...

OBJECTIVE: To review the effects of obesity on reproduction and pregnancy outcome. METHODS: A search of the literature was performed using key word searching and citation snowballing to identify English language articles published between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2006, on the subject of obesity and its effects on ...

The purpose of this review was to critically evaluate the scientific literature for the effects of exercise on pregnancy outcome. Evidenced-based studies were reviewed. Maternal outcomes analyzed in this review were gestational diabetes mellitus, preeclampsia, and weight gain, fetal outcomes evaluated were birth weight, time of delivery, and mode of ...

BACKGROUND: Although both maternal prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) may affect birth weight, their separate and joint associations with complications of pregnancy and delivery and with postpartum weight retention are unclear. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to investigate the combined associations of prepregnancy BMI and GWG with ...

BACKGROUND: The earliest determinants of obesity may operate during intrauterine life, and gestational weight gain may influence the intrauterine environment in a way that may affect the risk of overweight in the offspring. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine the association of gestational weight gain with offspring ...

Several papers and communications have reported possible weight reduction or less weight gain when patients start or switch to orally disintegrating olanzapine, as contrasted with standard oral olanzapine tablets. In this paper, the current literature is reviewed and hypothesized mechanisms of action are discussed. The data are still preliminary and ...

This study was designed to characterize oral perception of both weight and volume of boluses. A total of 80 healthy young female subjects was recruited and divided into bolus weight (n = 40) and bolus volume (n = 40) conditions. Tap water (25 degrees C) was the experimental material, and ...