A reactive histiocytic infiltrate can be seen as an incidental finding in a lymph node biopsy from a patient with a history of joint arthroplasty. We report the case of a 74-year-old female who underwent surgical revision of a polyethylene-based right total knee prosthesis due to chronic wear. At the ...

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study is to report two cases of idiopathic uveitis with secondary epiretinal membrane (ERM) formation in order to describe histologic and immunohistochemical features that may help distinguish uveitic from idiopathic ERMs. METHODS: The study utilized a clinical case series and histopathological and immunohistochemical findings. RESULTS: ...

Rapid secretion of eosinophil-associated RNases (EARs), such as the human eosinophilic cationic protein (ECP), from intracellular granules is central to the role of eosinophils in allergic diseases and host immunity. Our knowledge regarding allergic inflammation has advanced based on mouse experimental models. However, unlike human eosinophils, capacities of mouse eosinophils ...

The (pro)renin receptor ((P)RR), which is a recently discovered molecule of the renin-angiotensin system, plays an important role in the development of cardiovascular diseases. However, the molecular properties and the subcellular distribution of (P)RR remain controversial. In this study, (P)RR-Venus in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells ((P)RR-Venus-CHO) or endogenous (P)RR ...

In this issue of Molecular Cell, Ahearn et al. (2011) identified FKBP12 as a novel regulator of Ras signaling through its modulation of depalmitoylation of H-Ras and its recycling from plasma membrane to the Golgi.

Endocrine-disrupting chemicals can influence the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad axis and possibly affect reproduction in vertebrates. We analyzed the effect of 30-day endosulfan (ES) exposure in sexually undifferentiated larvae of the cichlid fish Cichlasoma dimerus. The number, area, mean cytoplasmic and nuclear diameter, and mean cytoplasmic optical density of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) I, ...

The nervus terminalis (NT) is a vertebrate cranial nerve whose function in adults is unknown. In bonnethead sharks, the nerve is anatomically independent of the olfactory system, with two major cell populations within one or more ganglia along its exposed length. Most cells are immunoreactive for either gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) ...

The morphological features and distribution of cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript peptide immunoreactivity (CART-IR) were studied in the lateral septum (LS) of male rats using light and electron microscopic immunocytochemistry and computer-aided densitometry. CART-IR was detected along the rostrocaudal axis of the LS in varicose axonal fibers only, although immunoreactive cell ...

This article reviews the current knowledge in photobiology and photomedicine about the influence of monochromatic, quasimonochromatic, and bread-band radiation of red-to-near infrared (IR-A) part on solar spectrum upon mammalian cells and human skin. The role of cytochrome c oxidase as the photoacceptor and photosignal transducer is underlined and its photosensitivity ...

Immunoreactive (ir) staining of the neuropeptides oxytocin (OT) and vasopressin (AVP) was performed in the brains of Brandt's voles (Lasiopodomys brandtii) and greater long-tailed hamsters (Tscherskia triton)-two species that differ remarkably in social behaviors. Social Brandt's voles had higher densities of OT-ir cells in the medial preoptic area (MPOA) and ...

Neuropeptides play a major role in the modulation of information processing in neural networks. Somatostatin, one of the most concentrated neuropeptides in the brain, is found in many sensory systems including the olfactory pathway. However, its cellular distribution in the mouse main olfactory bulb (MOB) is yet to be characterized. ...

Neurogenesis occurs continually throughout life in all mammals and the extent of neurogenesis is influenced by many factors including gonadal hormones. Most research regarding hormones and neurogenesis has been performed on non-primate species. To determine whether gonadal hormones can modulate endogenous neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus ...

The main olfactory bulb (OB) is made up of several concentric layers, forming circuitries often involving dendro-dendritic synapses. Important interactions between OB neurons occur in the external plexiform layer (EPL), where dendrites of tufted and Van Gehuchten cells form synapses with dendrites of deeper lying mitral, tufted, and granule cells. ...

Insulin is crucial for granulosa cell (GC) function, follicle growth and ovulation in cows; low insulin levels increase the risk for anoestrus. Apart from insulin concentration, alterations in the insulin receptor (IR) density on GC may affect follicular growth and steroidogenesis. Data about the IR protein distribution in the bovine ...

A hepatic nodule was noted in a C57BL/6J mouse with diet-induced obesity at 53 weeks of age. Macroscopically, a protruding yellowish white nodule was observed on the visceral surface of the left lateral lobe. Light microscopy demonstrated clear demarcation from the compressed adjacent parenchyma, with loss of the distinct lobular ...

Evolutionary transitions between nocturnal and diurnal patterns of adaptation to the day-night cycle must have involved fundamental changes in the neural mechanisms that coordinate the daily patterning of activity, but little is known about how these mechanisms differ. One reason is that information on these systems in very closely related ...

The development of high-efficiency solid-state excitonic photovoltaic solar cells compatible with solution processing techniques is a research area of intense interest, with the poor optical harvesting in the red and near-IR (NIR) portion of the solar spectrum a significant limitation to device performance. Herein we present a solid-state solar cell ...

We examined whether a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-like peptide exists in the central nervous system (CNS) of the kuruma prawn, Marsupenaeus japonicus, by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography (rpHPLC) combined with time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay (TR-FIA) analysis and by immunohistochemistry. The displacement curve obtained for serially diluted extracts of the kuruma prawn brain ...

The presence of neuritic plaques is a pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the origin of extracellular beta-amyloid peptide (Abeta) deposits and the process of plaque development remain poorly understood. The present study attempted to explore plaque pathogenesis by localizing beta-secretase-1 (BACE1) elevation relative to Abeta accumulation and synaptic/neuritic ...

In the mammalian retina, information concerning various aspects of an image is transferred in parallel, and cone bipolar cells are thought to play a major role in this parallel processing. We have examined the synaptic connections of calbindin-immunoreactive (IR) ON cone bipolar cells in the inner plexiform layer (IPL) of ...

The current study sought to clarify the role of cholecystokinin (CCK) in the digestion of larval red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) in order to better characterize the processes limiting the utilization of microparticulate diets at first feeding. The red drum CCK cDNA, isolated from adult anterior intestine and pyloric caeca, contains ...

Interactions between inhibitory interneurons and excitatory spiny neurons and also other inhibitory cells represent fundamental network properties which cause the so-called thalamo-cortical response transformation and account for the well-known receptive field differences of cortical layer IV versus thalamic neurons. We investigated the currently largely unknown morphological basis of these interactions ...

The aim of this study was to examine whether avian beta-defensin proteins (avbetaDs) exist in the oviduct, and whether those in the uterus are secreted to the eggshell membrane and eggshell. The oviducts of White Leghorn hens at different times of egg formation, eggshell membrane, and eggshell were used. The ...

Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) microspectroscopy was used to investigate reaction homogeneity of octenyl succinic anhydride modification on waxy maize starch and detect uniformity of blends of modified and native starches. For the first time, the level and uniformity of chemical substitution on individual starch granules were analyzed by FT-IR microspectroscopy. ...

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is a neuropeptide that is conserved in both vertebrate and invertebrate species. In this study, we have demonstrated the presence and distribution of two isoforms of GnRH-like peptides in neural ganglia and ovary of reproductively mature female abalone, Haliotis asinina, using immunohistochemistry. We found significant immunoreactivities (ir) ...

The skin is innervated by two populations of unmyelinated sensory fibers, the peptidergic and nonpeptidergic, which transmit nociceptive information to the central nervous system. The peptidergic population expresses neuropeptides such as substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and has both cutaneous and visceral targets. The nonpeptidergic population expresses ...

The purpose of this study was to clarify a previously controversial issue concerning glutamate (Glu) immunoreactivity (IR) in the inner segment (IS) of photoreceptors by using in vivo cryotechnique (IVCT) followed by freeze substitution (FS), which enabled us to analyze the cells and tissues reflecting living states. Eyeballs from anesthetized ...

The development of glycine immunoreactivity in the brain of the sea lamprey was studied by use of immunofluorescence techniques at embryonic to larval stages. Glycine distribution was also compared with that of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) by use of double immunofluorescence. The first glycine-immunoreactive (ir) cells appeared in the caudal rhombencephalon ...

Evidence suggests that endogenous erythropoietin (EPO) is involved in the development of the central nervous system; however, its role in retinal development is yet to be determined. In this study, we have used fluorescence immunohistochemistry to localise EPO and its receptor (EPOR) in the developing and mature retina of the ...

The objective of this exploratory study was to evaluate the feasibility of using Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectromicroscopy to characterize formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded human esophageal tissues. Matched histologically normal esophageal squamous epithelium (NS), premalignant Barrett esophagus (BE), and primary esophageal adenocarcinoma (EADC) tissues, each defined according to strict clinicopathologic criteria, were obtained ...

The presence and distribution of FMRFamide-like peptides (FLPs) in the cyprid larvae of the barnacle Balanus amphitrite were investigated using immunohistochemical methods. Barnacles are considered to be one of the most important constituents of animal fouling communities, and the cyprid stage is specialized for settlement and metamorphosis in to the ...

Antisera against the pigment-dispersing factor (PDF) and corazonin (Crz) reacted with distinct sets of neurons in the cephalic ganglia of termites. The locations of immunoreactive cells were similar but their numbers differed among the eight species examined: PDF-ir occurred in 0-6 cells in each optic lobe and 1-2 pairs of ...

AIM: The present study investigates whether glutamate immunoreactivity (IR) in the cat outer retina, which is devoid of blood vessels, can be well preserved by perfusion fixation. METHODS: Adult cats were perfused intracardially for 1, 5, 10, 15 and 30 min with physiological saline and were subsequently perfused with a ...

Objective. The aim of the study was to investigate the ultrastructural features of Malassez epithelium (ME) containing protein gene product 9.5 (PGP9.5)-immunoreactive (IR) cells in the cat periodontal ligament (PDL). Material and methods. Specimens from the teeth and tooth-supporting tissues of four mature cats of both sexes, 18 to 24 ...

The effects of an intravitreal or subretinal injection of soluble or aggregated forms of Abeta(1-42) on retinal nestin-immunoreactivity (-IR) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-IR in astrocytes and Müller glial cells and the integrity of the blood-retinal barrier (BRB) were tested in the in vivo rat vitreal-retinal model. Retinas were ...

Calretinin immunohistochemistry was used to study the organization of some cerebellar structures and lateral line medullary nuclei of an elasmobranch, the lesser-spotted dogfish Scyliorhinus canicula. In the cerebellar molecular layer, stellate cells are strongly calretinin-immunoreactive (CR-ir). Perikarya and dendrites of Purkinje cells are contacted by numerous stellate cell small CR-ir ...

The expression of ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) was investigated immunocytochemically during the axonal degeneration and collateral axonal sprouting response that follows partial denervation of the rat neurohypophysis. A significant increase in the number of CNTF-immunoreactive (CNTF-ir) cells was observed in the neurohypophysis of partially denervated animals compared to age-matched sham-operated ...

A new ciliate, Trimyema koreanum n. sp., isolated from hypersaline water (salinity of 293 per thousand) from a solar saltern in Korea, was investigated using live observation, protargol impregnation, and gene sequencing. Trimyema koreanum is about 30 x 13 microm in vivo, has usually 23 longitudinal ciliary rows forming two ...

The chromatoid body (CB) is a male reproductive cell-specific organelle that appears in spermatocytes and spermatids. The cytoplasmic granule corresponding to the CB was first discovered some 130 years ago by von Brunn in 1876. Thirty years later the German term "chromatoide Körper" (chromatoid body) was introduced to describe this ...

Zinc is the second most abundant trace metal (after iron) in mammalian tissues, and it is an essential element for growth, development, DNA synthesis, immunity, and other important cellular processes. A considerable amount of zinc in the brain exists as a pool of free or loosely bound zinc ions in ...

The German cockroach, Blattella germanica, and the double-striped cockroach, B. bisignata, are sibling species with a similar period sequence but a distinctive circadian rhythm in locomotion. The cell distribution of immunoreactivity (ir) against three clock-related proteins, Period (PER), Pigment Dispersing Factor (PDF), and Corazonin (CRZ), was compared between the species. ...

The feasibility of Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) microscopy to monitor in situ the enzymatic degradation of wood was investigated. Cross-sections of poplar wood were treated with cellulase Onozuka RS within a custom-built fluidic cell. Light-optical micrographs and FT-IR spectra were acquired in situ from normal and tension wood fibers. Light-optical ...

Different subclasses of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) cortical neurons can be distinguished by their content of neuropeptides such as somatostatin (SST), or calcium-binding proteins such as calretinin (CR). SST, but not CR, neurons have been reported to be altered in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of subjects with schizophrenia. Understanding the functional ...

The objective of the present study was to characterize the trkB receptor immunoreactive (-ir) cells in the intermediolateral cell column (IML) of the upper thoracic spinal cord. Small trkB-ir cells (area=56.1+/-4.4 microm(2)) observed in the IML showed characteristics of oligodendrocytes and were frequently observed in close apposition to choline acetyltransferase ...

OBJECTIVE: The vagina is a complex tubular structure that has reproductive, support and barrier functions. These depend on the cytoarchitecture of the vaginal cells, which is controlled by key proteins. Cytoskeletal proteins determine cell polarity and membrane specializations by integrating the actin cytoskeleton with cell membranes. This integration is the ...

We have previously identified reductions in mean pyramidal cell somal volume in deep layer 3 of BA 41 and 42 and reduced axon terminal density in deep layer 3 of BA 41. In other brain regions demonstrating similar deficits, reduced dendritic spine density has also been identified, leading us to ...

Synaptic efficacy following long-term potentiation (LTP) and memory consolidation is associated with changes in the expression of immediate early genes (IEGs). These changes are often accompanied by increased expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). While the protein products of the majority of IEGs are mainly restricted to the cell ...

We examined whether a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-like peptide exists in the brain of the cephalopod spear-squid, Loligo bleekeri, by performing a time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay and immunohistochemistry. The displacement curve obtained for serially diluted extracts of the spear-squid brain paralleled the chicken GnRH-II (cGnRH-II) standard curve, indicating the existence of a cGnRH-II-like ...

The distribution and morphology of neurons containing somatostatin (SOM) was investigated in the amygdala (CA) of the pig. The SOM-immunoreactive (SOM-IR) cell bodies and fibres were present in all subdivisions of the porcine CA, however, their number and density varied depending on the nucleus studied. The highest density of SOM-positive ...

It is still unclear whether flatworms have specialized glial cells. At present there are no special methods available for the identification of glial cells in flatworms. The aim of this research was to carry out detailed investigations of the CNS in two species ofcestodes, and to get an idea whether ...