Chronic Epididymitis is a relatively rare problem in boys and is often enigmatic in its etiology. It is often associated with urinary tract abnormalities in infants and prepubertal children. This report describes a rare and unusual case of a chronic epididymitis with acquired scrotal vasocutaneous urinary fistula in an 8-mo-old ...

Fungal contamination derived from prosthetic substances is not common, although because of the following reasons the number of cases has increased in the recent years: increased life expectancy, and therefore a greater number of surgical candidates; higher rates of underlying diseases, which are accompanied by immunosuppressive disorders that can cause ...

ABSTRACT: Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) is a rare inflammatory breast disease. The etiology and treatment options of IGM remain controversial. Previous case reports have suggested that hyperprolactinemia may be associated with IGM. In the present report, we describe the first case of IGM associated with risperidone-induced hyperprolactinemia.

The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) modified the designation of major (index) operative cases to include those previously considered "minor." This study assessed the potential effect of these changes on resident operative experience. With Institutional Review Board approval, we analyzed National Surgical Quality Improvement Program participant use files ...

Regardless of the availability of newer and more sophisticated modalities of investigation, urinary tract cytology still remains the most commonly used non-invasive test for the diagnosis of bladder cancer. As hematuria is the commonest presenting symptom in patients with malignancy of urinary tract, we undertook this study to know the ...

Galactorrhea is a known complication of breast surgery, particularly reduction mammoplasty. However, in augmentation mammoplasty, it is a rare event. There are only a few case reports concerning galactorrhea after augmentation mammoplasty. In this report, we present a case of galactorrhea that occurred at 2 weeks postoperatively in a 34-year-old ...

In 2009, a College of American Pathologists expert panel published supplemental HER2 testing recommendations suggesting that cases with between 5% and 50% individual cells amplified by fluorescence in situ hybridization be reported as "heterogeneous for HER2 gene amplification." We examined the implications of applying these recommendations to clinical practice in ...

In the urine of a patient with chronic prostatitis, renal microlithiasis and acute cystitis we found the ciliate protozoa Colpoda spp., both in vegetative and cystic form. The entry point was most likely the urinary tract. Keeping in mind that only four more cases of Colpoda spp. existent in human ...

Background: Secondary angiosarcoma and benign but microscopically atypical vascular proliferations (herein referred to as atypical vascular lesion or AVL) are rare consequences of radiation therapy and/or chronic lymphedema most commonly seen in breast cancer patients. Differentiating angiosarcoma from AVL can be difficult due to overlapping clinical and microscopic features. Recently, ...

OBJECTIVES: To determine the influence of local contrast optimisation on diagnostic accuracy and perceived suspiciousness of digital screening mammograms. METHODS: Data were collected from a screening region in the Netherlands and consisted of 263 digital screening cases (153 recalled,110 normal). Each case was available twice, once processed with a tissue ...

Abnormalities of the kidney and/or urinary tract are common, and are more common in males than females. We present a case of unilateral pelvic kidney on the left side in a 26-year-old man. A pelvic kidney is a rare entity with a low clinical incidence. An ectopic kidney is often ...

Aims: The HER-2/neu proto-oncogene is amplified in 15%-25% of breast cancers. In the current study, we evaluated HER-2/neu status of 396 cases of breast cancer by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and the results were correlated with immunohistochemistry (IHC) for HER-2/neu protein expression. Results: Overall, HER-2/neu amplification was observed in ...

HER2 (ERBB2) status is an important prognostic and predictive marker in breast carcinoma. In recent years, Genomic Health (GHI), purveyors of the Oncotype DX test, has been separately reporting HER2 by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to oncologists. Because of the lack of independent evaluation, this quality assurance study ...

Chylous leakage is a rare occurrence after breast surgery. Trauma to the thoracic duct and its main distribution may be the main cause of chylous leakage, but the cause of such an injury during breast surgery is unknown. We herein report the first case of chylous leakage from many minimal ...

The purpose of this case report is to describe the regression of vascular calcifications (VC) in a patient with secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) after having added cinacalcet to her treatment. We present the clinical case of a 48-year-old woman with chronic renal failure secondary to tubulointerstitial disease. She was being treated ...

Postradiation cutaneous vascular lesions after treatment of breast carcinoma comprise a heterogeneous group of benign, atypical, and malignant lesions and are best regarded as points along a morphological spectrum. We analyzed a series of cutaneous angiosarcomas after treatment of breast cancer in comparison with control cases and cases of atypical ...

Acrodermatitis enteropathica is classified as a congenital autosomal recessive type and an acquired transient type. This disease manifests as acral and periorificial dermatitis, alopecia, intractable diarrhea, and failure to thrive. Whereas the autosomal hereditary type is caused by malabsorption of zinc in the intestine, the acquired type is caused by ...

ABSTRACT Objectives Centchroman (Ormeloxifene) is a synthetic non-steroidal compound used as an oral and a post-coital contraceptive. It is currently under trial for treatment of breast cancer and postmenopausal osteoporosis. Centchroman has been reported to induce only minimal side effects and no hormonal imbalance. Case A young woman who used ...

Case selection is a useful approach for increasing the efficiency and performance of case-based classifiers. Multiple techniques have been designed to perform case selection. This paper empirically investigates how class imbalance in the available set of training cases can impact the performance of the resulting classifier as well as properties ...

Background: Trastuzumab is a humanized, monoclonal antibody that interferes with the HER2/neu receptor and binds selectively to the HERB2 protein which causes uncontrolled proliferation of malignant breast cells.<br /> Case Report: We report a case of severe thrombocytopenia related to trastuzumab administration. Three days after the first dose of single-agent ...

The present study was done to investigate the concordance between the HER2 status measured by immunohistochemical analysis (HercepTest, DAKO, Carpinteria, CA) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH; HER2 FISH pharmDx, DAKO) in a large study cohort (n = 681) of patients with high-risk breast cancer. A high agreement between immunohistochemical ...

Breast reconstruction (BR) after radical mastectomy is intended to recreate symmetrical natural-appearing breasts while preserving patient safety and quality of life. To evaluate the esthetic results and the complications of various BR methods after radical mastectomy. Between August 2006 and March 2010, 36 women underwent BR after mastectomy in our ...

While it is true that unilateral multicystic dysplastic kidney is commonly associated with abnormalities in the contralateral kidney, it is not widely known that the condition may be bilateral. The recognition of the bilaterality of the multicystic dysplastic kidney by ultrasound has grave prognostic implications as this condition is uniformly ...

Primary breast lymphoma (PBL) is a rare disease, which comprises 0.04-0.53% of all primary malignant tumors of the breast. The most frequent histological subtype is diffuse large B-cell type (DLBCL) (40-70%). Differentiation of PBLs from other breast tumors such as poorly differentiated carcinomas and lobular carcinoma may at times be ...

Leeches are well known to migrate over the surface of the treated tissues. At times, they can be located in remote locations once they become engorged and detach. We report the first case of a leech tunneling through a dermal bite wound on a breast free flap.

HER2/neu status in breast cancer is determined by immunohistochemical analysis and/or fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Previous studies have found widely varying sensitivities and specificities for anti-HER2/neu antibodies, including recently developed rabbit monoclonal antibodies. The current prospective study compared rabbit monoclonal antibody SP3 and rabbit polyclonal antibody A0485 immunostaining on ...

Abstract Context.-Recently we have observed distinctive acidophilic intranuclear inclusions in cases of usual intraductal hyperplasia of the breast. Similar inclusions were described almost 20 years ago in cases of mammary hyperplasia. These correlated ultrastructurally with so-called helioid inclusions. However, there since has been little discussion of these inclusions in the ...

Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) is a rare inflammatory condition of the breast. The etiology and treatments options of IGM remain controversial. Previous case reports have suggested that Corynebacterium sp., a gram-positive bacillus endogenous to the skin, may be associated with IGM. In the present report, we describe the first case ...

Case reports are often regarded as second-class research, but are an important part of medical science as they often present first evidence of new discoveries. We here describe the type of case reports published in a Danish general medical journal. We included all case reports published in Ugeskrift for Læger ...

Abstract Cystic echinococcosis (CE) has represented a leading parasitic disease in Romania since 1862 when the first case was detected. Following the extremely high number of human and animal cases registered in 1995, Romania was framed in the forefront of Europe and among the first countries worldwide. This review aims ...

Objective: To describe a patient who, 5 years after total thyroidectomy to treat Graves disease, presented with thyrotoxicosis due to nonmalignant lateral ectopic thyroid tissue.Method: We describe the laboratory, imaging, and physical findings of the study patient and review the relevant literature.Results: A 32-year-old white woman with a history of ...

Insufficient attention has been given to how information from computer-based clinical case simulations is presented, collected, and scored. Research is needed on how best to design such simulations to acquire valid performance assessment data that can act as useful feedback for educational applications. This report describes a study of a ...

Juvenile fibroadenoma constitutes only 4% of the total fibroadenomas. The incidence of giant juvenile fibroadenomas is found to be only 0.5% of all the fibroadenomas. Bilateral giant juvenile fibroadenomas are extremely rare, and only four cases have been reported in the literature. To the best of our knowledge, we are ...

Medical case reports (MCRs) have been undervalued in the literature to date. It seems that while case series emphasize what is probable, case reports describe what is possible and what can go wrong. MCRs transfer medical knowledge and act as educational tools. We outline evolving aspects of the MCR in ...

Ectopic ureter is one of the most common urinary tract anomalies. We, herein, present a case of a giant ureter with ectopic orifice, mimicking pelvic organ prolapse, which is the first in the literature. A 59-year-old female patient presenting with frequently recurrent urinary tract infection had grade 3 pelvic organ ...

Objective.  To investigate the effectiveness of a multifaceted hand hygiene program involving the use of pocket-sized containers of antiseptic gel in long-term care facilities (LTCFs) with elderly residents. Methods.  In this clustered randomized controlled trial, Hong Kong LTCFs for elderly persons were recruited via snowball sampling. Staff hand hygiene adherence ...

We report a 46-year-old man who presented with hypothyroidism. An electrocardiogram obtained at the time of the first examination revealed Brugada electrocardiographic (Brugada-ECG) waveforms in leads V1 to V3. The patient and his family had no history of arrhythmia and syncopal attack. The Brugada-ECG waveforms disappeared with the normalization of ...

Thyroid MALT lymphoma is an extremely rare malignancy believed to arise against a background of Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Rituximab is a monoclonal antibody directed against B cell specific antigen CD20. Recently, there have been reports that rituximab is effective for autoimmune thyroid diseases such as Graves' disease as well as for ...

According to several large studies, the surgical pathologist renders a non-neoplastic diagnosis in ∼20-40% of thyroid fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cases reported as follicular neoplasm. This study analyzes the cause of this poor correlation between cytology and histology. Cases consisting of oncocytic (Hurthle) cells were excluded from study. During the study ...

BACKGROUND.: A significant number of thyroid fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) cases yield inconclusive results. The recent National Cancer Institute guidelines and those published by other societies are important contributions to standardizing the diagnostic approach. Nevertheless, there are significant issues in the application of guidelines and the evaluation of their clinical ...

We report a series of cases of thyroid dysfunction in adults associated with ingestion of a brand of soy milk manufactured with kombu (seaweed), and a case of hypothyroidism in a neonate whose mother had been drinking this milk. We also report two cases of neonatal hypothyroidism linked to maternal ...

The National Cancer Institute (NCI) State of the Science Conference on thyroid fine-needle aspiration (FNA) proposed that follicular patterned lesions can be divided into two diagnostic categories; follicular lesion of undetermined significance/Atypia of undetermined significance (FLUS/AUS) and suspicious for follicular neoplasm/follicular neoplasm (SFON/FON). The former group can benefit from repeat ...

We report a case of thyroid abscess caused by Scedosporium apiospermum in a patient with cirrhosis of liver and autoimmune haemolytic anaemia. To date, there are no reports of isolation of this fungus from thyroid abscess.

We present a case of a 69-year-old male who was hospitalized for the treatment of thyroid storm due to Grave's disease, who presented with unexpected ventricular fibrillation (VF). The possible etiology was early repolarization (ER), characterized by J-point elevation in inferior and posterolateral leads, unmasked by the attenuation of beta-adrenergic ...

BACKGROUND: Paired box gene 8 (PAX8), a member of the thyroid-specific transcription factors, has recently been investigated as a useful marker of thyroid epithelial neoplasms. To the authors' knowledge, its utility in the immunohistochemistry of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) has not been well studied to date. The goal of the ...

To report a case of autoimmune retinopathy (AIR) associated with a thyroid carcinoma. Case report. A 51-year-old Caucasian woman presented with a rapid decline in vision. Initial visual field and immunohistochemical testing revealed autoimmune retinopathy without an apparent underlying malignancy. Conventional local and systemic immunosuppressive therapies failed to halt the ...

The purpose of this series was to describe the sonographic findings of the diffuse sclerosing variant of papillary carcinoma (DSVPC) of the thyroid. The sonographic findings of 8 patients with DSVPC of the thyroid were retrospectively analyzed. The following sonographic features of DSVPC of the thyroid were analyzed: extent of ...

Co-existence of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) and non-medullary thyroid carcinoma has been previously reported in sporadic case reports and some surgical series, but the majority of cases concerned women with occult papillary carcinomas without cervical lymph node involvement. We present a 71-year man with PHPT and multinodular goiter who was subjected ...

Most teratomas involving the thyroid gland are benign and occur in children. However, the adult cases reported are mostly malignant. Many of the cases previously described in the medical literature have fatal outcome because of spread of the tumor refractory to treatment. We report a case of primary malignant teratoma ...

BACKGROUND: Gynecomastia is defined as the presence of excessive breast tissue in males, which can appear unilateral or bilateral. Bilateral gynecomastia is frequently found in the neonatal period, early in puberty, and with increasing age. Prepubertal unilateral gynecomastia in the absence of endocrine abnormalities is extremely rare, with only a ...