Squamous metaplasia is a proliferative lesion characterized by the replacement of the transitional epithelium with stratified squamous cells. In the urinary system, it is mostly seen in the bladder. It can be nonkeratinized or keratinized. We report the cases of 2 adolescent girls with keratinizing metaplasia, 1 of whom presented ...

INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: To estimate distances from the mid-urethra to the obturator foramina and to explore correlations between pelvic dimensions and body height. METHODS: This is a secondary analysis of a parent case-control study on the mechanisms of stress urinary incontinence. We measured pelvic dimensions on magnetic resonance images of ...

We report an unusual case of a foreign body removed from the urinary bladder of a 63 year old male which mimicked a parasitic worm. The foreign body was identified as an artificial fishing worm by morphologic comparison to a similar commercially produced product and by infrared spectrum analysis.

BACKGROUND:: We described urinary bladder sinuses (UBS) in the urinary bladder, characterized by segmental mucosal with muscularis mucosa invaginations into the submucosa (superficial UBS) and muscularis propria (deep UBS). MATERIALS:: Radical cystectomy specimens and transurethral resections of the bladder were reviewed. RESULTS:: Superficial UBS (extending up to the submucosa) were ...

The use of bowel segments in urinary diversions has been associated with an increased risk of neoplasia. This report describes three cases of intestinal adenocarcinoma following urinary diversion. In the first case, a 73-year-old woman developed moderately-differentiated colonic adenocarcinoma in her Indiana pouch 10.5 years after cystectomy. The second case ...

Congenital bladder diverticula (CBD) are unusual but not rare in childhood. Report of acute urinary retention due to congenital bladder diverticula are rarely found in the literature. Here we report a case of congenital bladder diverticulum with acute urinary retention in a ten months old male infant. Urinary tract infection ...

ABSTRACT: Cystine stones, the main component of which is cystine, are very common urinary calculi, but are rare in the gall bladder. In animals, there has been only one report of cystine gallstones in tree shrews, and to our knowledge, this is the first report of cystine gallstones in humans.

ABSTRACT: INTRODUCTION: Cases of patients with inguinoscrotal hernia containing the urinary bladder are very rare. These patients usually present with frequent episodes of urinary tract infection, difficulty in walking, pollakisuria and difficulty in initiating micturition because of incarceration of the urinary bladder into the scrotum. CASE PRESENTATION: We describe the ...

A case report of a 44-year-old woman with an infrequent cause of ascites, i.e. intraperitoneal urine leakage, is presented. Urinary ascites due to spontaneous bladder rupture or fistula after radiation therapy for cervical cancer is not a rare complication and can develop several years after initial treatment. Diagnosis of urinary ...

I agree with the authors that it is very critical to report any adverse events and particularly serious adverse events like the ones reported here. The development of pan urethral strictures or contracted bladder requiring urinary diversion following green light laser vaporization of the prostate has not been reported before. ...

There are few case reports of bladder agenesis. The outcome of the patients differs and depends on the associated malformations. Different urinary diversions are described to save renal function. Most of the surviving patients with bladder agenesis have undergone incontinent urinary diversions as primary treatment. We describe the case of ...

Double-J (DJ) ureteral stents are routinely placed for internal urinary diversion post renal pyeloplasty. Malfunction of the stent may occur due to migration, necessitating removal. Upward migration of a DJ stent is rarely encountered in urologic practice when a ureteroscope is used to retrieve the stent. However, retrieval of upwardly ...

Perforation of the ureter is a rare condition that causes a series of problems including retroperitoneal urinoma, urosepsis, abscess formation, infection, and subsequent renal impairment. There are causative factors that induce ureteric rupture, including malignancy, urinary calculi, idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis, recent iatrogenic manipulation, external trauma, degenerative kidney conditions, urography with ...

Lymphangioma of the urinary bladder is a very rare tumour in adulthood. Robotic partial cystectomy is evolving for treatment of a limited number of bladder tumours. We describe a case of an adult woman with a bladder dome lymphangioma for which robotic partial cystectomy was carried out.

Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (LELC) of the urinary bladder is a rare variant, which can occur in a pure form or in conjunction with transitional cell carcinoma. Owing to the scarcity of reported cases, the optimum treatment is yet to be defined, although the benefits of chemotherapy are increasingly recognised. We present ...

Paragangliomas of urinary bladder are extremely rare which usually present with characteristic clinical picture in about half of the cases. We report a case where the presentation was unusual, leading to initial misdiagnosis corrected on histological review.

Oculoauriculovertebral spectrum (OAVS) is a rare congenital malformation consisting of epibulbar dermoids, lid colobomas, auricular deformities, hypoplasia of the soft and bony tissues of the face, associated oral deformities and vertebral anomalies. This report presents a child with a choroid of the right eye, coloboma of the upper eyelid, epibulbar ...

Dural sinus malformation (DSM) is an extremely rare and congenital cerebrovascular malformation that is associated with dural arteriovenous fistula and a large dural lake, which may mimic the clinical malformations of an infantile dural arteriovenous shunt or the vein of Galen. Early diagnosis and treatment of DSM is crucial in ...

Persistent hiccup rarely occurs during rehabilitation, but its management can prove to be very difficult, particularly in presence of associated dysphagia, requiring longer hospitalization and higher risk of severe clinical complications. We present a case of persistent hiccup after surgical resection of a brainstem arteriovenous malformation successfully treated with gabapentin ...

OBJECTIVES: Ex utero Intrapartum Treatment (EXIT) is a technique to secure the fetal airway while oxygenation is maintained through utero-placental circulation. The aim of the study is to present three cases of fetal lymphatic malformation of the head and neck that required EXIT and to summarize EXIT details. METHODS: The ...

Developmental venous anomalies (DVAs) are benign vascular malformations that rarely become symptomatic. They are anatomical variations of the venous drainage system and most are incidentally discovered. Mechanical (obstruction and compression of cerebral and neural structures) and flow-related pathological mechanisms have been described in rare cases of symptomatic DVAs. The authors ...

Becker's nevus is a relatively common acquired focal epidermal melanotic hypermelanosis usually found in the region of the shoulder girdle of young men. Various skeletal malformations and cutaneous dermatoses have been reported in Becker's nevus. Osteoma cutis is a rare disorder characterized by compact bone formation in the dermis or ...

Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) are relatively rare in children. They may occur both as single isolated anomalies and, much more commonly, as one of many widely distributed arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) in other organs and anatomic locations such as the liver, brain, nose and spine. The latter phenotypically defines the condition ...

We describe the case of a 14-year-old male who presented with a right upper lobe aspergilloma forming in a previously occult congenital pulmonary airway malformation. This is the first case describing an aspergilloma forming within a CPAM. Pediatr Pulmonol. © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

BACKGROUND: The new classification for split cord malformation, based on the unified theory of embryogenesis includes two types Type I and II defined on the basis of the nature of the medium septum and the state of the dural tube. According to this, these are the only two essential features ...

A group of limb reduction defects is defined by congenital absence of either part of limbs. We report an extremely rare case of symmetrical upper limb peromelia (absence of distal bones) and asymmetrical lower limb phocomelia (absence of long bones and a flipper-like appearance of feet) in a female fetus ...

Lymphangiomatosis is a rare and fatal congenital lymphatic malformation. Because the natural course of the disease affects multiple body systems, the management can be challenging. This article presents a novel approach to the treatment of diffuse lymphangiomatosis using sirolimus. The reported case involves a 4-month-old male with a known lymphatic ...

Variant presentations of the exstrophy-epispadias complex are rare congenital malformations, such as covered exstrophy with bifid phallus. We describe a male neonate with covered exstrophy with an intestinal remnant and epispadiac bifid phallus. We report this case to emphasize the simultaneous successful repair of bifid phallus and exstrophy in this ...

The endoscopic endonasal approach is emerging as a feasible alternative to the trans-oral route for the resection of the odontoid process, when the latter produces a compression of the brainstem and cervicomedullary junction. This type of approach has some advantages, such as excellent pre-vertebral exposure of the cranio-vertebral junction in ...

BACKGROUND: Targetoid hemosiderotic hemangioma (THH), also called hobnail hemangioma, is a benign vascular lesion and thought to be of lymphatic origin. OBJECTIVE: We sought to perform a clinicopathologic analysis of cases diagnosed as THH in a tertiary care children's hospital. METHODS: Clinical and histopathologic data were obtained from a chart ...

Peripapillary staphyloma is a rare, nonhereditary, congenital anomaly in which an excavation surrounds the optic disk. We present 2 cases of peripapillary staphylomas resembling cystic cavities, both of which caused severe visual impairment. We propose the term cystic peripapillary staphyloma to describe this anomaly. The first case was associated with ...

BACKGROUND:: With the use of indocyanine green (ICG) as a novel fluorescent dye, fluorescence angiography has recently re-emerged as a viable option. OBJECTIVE:: To show the result of ICG videoangiography in cases of cerebral arteriovenous malformations. METHODS:: Twenty-seven ICG videoangiography procedures were performed in eleven patients with cerebral arteriovenous malformations. ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Paradoxical embolism due to pulmonary arteriovenous malformations is the main mechanism of brain infarction in patients with Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia. International Guidelines have recently been published to clarify the performance of screening tests and the effectiveness of treatment for pulmonary arteriovenous malformations. Case Presentation: We present two cases ...

We present the case of a 74-year-old man with a pulsatile somatosound causing insomnia and day-time irritation. Given the lack of salvation after medical therapy the patient went in search for a solution and found it in a tennis ball and radio. In this case, the somatosound was due to ...

Background: Lymphangioma is a lymphatic malformation, a benign proliferation of lymph vessels. Case: We hereby present a case of eyelid lymphangioma of cavernous type in a twelve year old male patient. This is a very uncommon site for this type of lymphangioma.

Idiopathic syringomyelia is a disease with variable clinical course. We report here two cases of spontaneous resolution of cervical syrinx in adults previously diagnosed of Chiari-syringomyelia complex. They are added to the nine cases previously reported, and documented the need for careful surgical indication in this disease based on the ...

Congenital melanocytic naevi (CMN) are present at birth in between 1 and 6% of all neonates.(1) They are caused by malformations of the neuroectoderm that are comprised of melanocytes and occasionally neural elements, following dysregulated growth and arrest of melanocytes during migration from the neural crest to the skin.(3) Most ...

Purpose: Lens coloboma is a rare congenital disorder of crystalline lens characterized by notching of the equator of the lens. Coloboma can occur in isolation or with other ocular malformations. The authors reported 5 cases of lens coloboma associated with some ocular malformations. Methods: Case reports. The clinical features, imaging ...

We present the case of a 32-year-old female with cecal and appendiceal polyps that were removed by laparoscopy-assisted surgery. She also had recurrent nosebleeds due to telangiectases in the nasal mucosa and arteriovenous malformations in the lung, all of which contributed to the diagnosis of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia.

Hemifacial microsomia is a well known yet rare collection of developmental facial defects. Almost half of all known cases exhibit additional anomalies beyond the classic malformations of the first and second brachial arches. This case is unique in that it describes a child with hemifacial microsomia and an associated oropharyngeal ...

Arteriovenous malformations (AVM) constitute a clinically significant form of vascular malformations in children. We present three cases of paediatric AVMs that demonstrated unusual features of high flow and significant shunting of blood without a clearly demonstrable nidus. Venous malformations were associated with the lesions. A discussion of the concepts underlying ...

We report a case of partial monosomy 7q and partial trisomy 14q in a 4 year old male with microcephaly, prominent eyes, arched eyebrows, malformed ears and overlapping of toes. The unbalanced rearrangement resulted in monosomy of 7q33-->qter and trisomy of 14q32.2-->qter. The clinical phenotype was similar to the other ...

We report a case of remote spontaneous rupture of urinary bladder following cystourethroscopy with hydrodistention and a bladder biopsy in a patient with interstitial cystitis. This required abdominal exploration with cystorrhaphy. This case emphasizes a unique and dangerous complication of this procedure in a patient with interstitial cystitis.

Besides typical macroscopical findings in cases of death due to hypothermia (frost erythema, haemorrhagic gastric erosions) there are some histological changes (e.g. lipid accumulation in epithelial cells of renal proximal tubules) which can help to determine the cause of death. In the literature some changes of the pituitary gland are ...

Encephalocele is a herniation of the brain (cranium bifidum, cephalocele, craniocele), formed during embryonic development, because of the incomplete closure of Neural Tube. It is a rare skull defect, with the incidence of 0.8 to 5 per 10,000 live births. The article presents the medical history of a four month ...

In this case series, we report on five patients with influenza A (H1N1) who received extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) treatment between July and December 2009 in the intensive care unit of Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital in Perth, Western Australia. In considering these cases, we highlight the indications, risks and potential ...

Congenital Cystic Adenomatoid Malformation or bronchopulmonary displasia (congenital lung cysts disease) is a rare condition. Intrauterine death affect severe cases, those infants surviving till birth lead a chronic course of respiratory illness amenable to corrective thoracic surgery or other corrective measures for non pulmonary conditions. This report describes an experience ...

We present the case of a near fatal aspiration of a foreign body requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support. The use of ECMO to support treatment for a foreign body in the distal trachea is rare and there are only two cases reported in the literature. A 13-year-old male presented ...

Influenza A "novel H1N1" with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a serious illness that poses a challenge to clinicians managing such cases. This case report reveals a patient with ARDS secondary to influenza A with deteriorating clinical status, who improved tremendously after intravenous immunoglobulin G (IV IgG). Patients ...

A 15-year-old girl developed a rare case of subdural hygroma after foramen magnum decompression for Chiari type 1 malformation manifesting as rapid symptom deterioration around 10 days after uncomplicated operation with uneventful immediate postoperative course. Progressive enlargement of the subdural hygroma in both supra- and infratentorial spaces was followed by ...