OBJECTIVE: During neovascularization, the end result is a new functional microcirculation composed of a network of mature microvessels with specific topologies. Although much is known concerning the mechanisms underlying the initiation of angiogenesis, it remains unclear how the final architecture of microcirculatory beds is regulated. To begin to address this, ...

Dentin is a mineralized dental tissue underlying the outer enamel that has a peculiar micro morphology. It is composed of micrometer sized tubules that are surrounded by a highly mineralized structure, called peritubular dentin (PTD), and embedded in a collagen-rich matrix, named intertubular dentin. The PTD has been thought to ...

Rapid blood perfusion is critical for post-implantation survival of thick, pre-vascularized bioartificial tissues. Yet the mechanism by which implanted vascular networks inosculate, or anastomose, with the host vasculature has been unknown, making it difficult to develop optimized strategies for facilitating perfusion. Here we show that implanted vascular networks anastomose with ...

Through an integration of wireless communication and sensing technologies, the concept of a Body Sensor Network (BSN) was initially proposed in the early decade with the aim to provide an essential technology for wearable, ambulatory and pervasive health monitoring for elderly people and chronic patients. It has become a hot ...

International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry 2011 Objectives.  The objectives of this study were to investigate permanent tooth emergence during a 9-year longitudinal study and to assess the effect of dental caries in primary teeth on the emergence of permanent teeth. Methods.  Data on caries occurrence in primary teeth were obtained ...

Objectives: The valve-in-valve (VIV) technique is an emerging therapeutic option for patients with failure of previously implanted xenografts. We describe a balloon-expandable transthoracic transapical mitral VIV implantation in an emergency setting in a 69-year-old woman with dysfunction of the mitral bioprosthesis. Methods: Left ventricular apical access was applied. After balloon ...

Venom delivery systems occur in a wide range of extant and fossil vertebrates and are primarily based on oral adaptations. Teeth range from unmodified (Komodo dragons) to highly specialized fangs similar to hypodermic needles (protero- and solenoglyphous snakes). Developmental biologists have documented evidence for an infolding pathway of fang evolution, ...

To investigate the impact of sequential irrigation procedures on accumulated hard tissue debris (AHTD) levels in canal systems in mesial roots of human mandibular molars after instrumentation. Based on pre-scans in a micro-computed tomography (μCT) system, 20 extracted human mandibular molars with joining mesial root canals and an isthmus between ...

To discuss the use of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in the differential diagnosis of a case of labiomandibular paraesthesia caused by extrusion of endodontic sealer into the mandibular canal. A 59-year-old woman suffering from a paraesthesia on the left posterior mandible and numbness on the left side of the lower ...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the cleaning efficacy of different irrigant agitation techniques on debris and smear layer removal in curved root canals. Mesiobuccal root canals of 108 mandibular molars were shaped with nickel-titanium instruments, and a final rinse of NaOCl and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid was performed. Specimens ...

The aim of this study was to radiographically evaluate the relationship between the quality parameters of root canal fillings (apical extension, homogeneity, and taper) and periapical status. In addition, groups of teeth and complicating factors of endodontic treatment were assessed. This retrospective cohort study assessed the quality and periapical status ...

The main goal of endodontic therapy is to prevent or heal apical periodontitis. However, root canal anatomy might present a clinical challenge directly related to the treatment outcome. The purpose of this study was to review published literature related to root anatomy and root canal configuration of the permanent mandibular ...

We sought to verify the cortical thickness and presence of tooth roots and inferior alveolar canal where miniplates are placed using the Champy technique to treat parasymphyseal fractures between the canine and premolar. We also studied these anatomic features at the same level anteriorly and posteriorly to the mental foramen. ...

This study aimed to investigate the influence of canal shape on the time required for the removal of Thermafil Plus plastic carriers (Dentsply Tulsa Dental, Tulsa, OK) using ProTaper Retreatment Files (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland). Sixty simulated J-shaped canals in resin blocks were divided into six groups prepared differently in ...

Verma P, Love RM. A Micro CT study of the mesiobuccal root canal morphology of the maxillary first molar tooth. International Endodontic Journal 44, 210-217, 2011. ABSTRACT: Aim  To observe the morphology of the root canal system of the maxillary first molar mesiobuccal root using micro computed tomography and compare it ...

Multiple activations of the irrigant by using pulsed ultrasound may enhance the removal of dentin debris because of repeated acceleration of the irrigant. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of pulsed ultrasound on passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) in its ability to remove artificially placed dentin debris ...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the root and canal morphology of mandibular first permanent molars in a western Chinese population by using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). In this study, 558 samples were examined by CBCT. Details of sex, tooth position, the number of roots and canals, and ...

The purpose of this study was to compare the debridement efficacy of EndoVac irrigation versus conventional needle irrigation in vivo. Seven adult patients with a total of 22 matched pairs of single-canaled vital teeth with fully formed apices were recruited. Canals were instrumented to a master apical file size #40/.04 ...

The present study was conducted to assess the interrelation between teat anatomy and machine milking in dairy buffaloes raised in Switzerland. A 3-min pre-stimulation induced milk ejection before cluster attachment in most cases and caused an optimal milk removal during machine milking. In an additional experiment, longitudinal cross-section ultrasound was ...

Our aim, through a comparative study of two populations, one European and the other Afro-Caribbean, was to find out whether there were differences in radiographic measurements of femoral diaphyseal canal diameter, thickness of the medial and lateral cortex, and global diaphyseal diameter. We studied the nailed femurs of adult males ...

The study was designed to quantitatively evaluate the quality of root canal preparation and root canal obturation in canals treated with either rotary or self adjusting files, using three-dimensional micro-computed tomographic (CT) analysis. Pair-matched root canals were instrumented with either rotary nickel-titanium files or self-adjusting files following the manufacturers' instructions. ...

This study evaluated root and canal morphology of permanent maxillary first molars in a Chinese population using cone-beam computed tomography scanning. The sample included 775 cone-beam computed tomography images of maxillary first molars; 627 of the subjects had unilateral qualifying molars and 74 had bilateral qualifying molars. The following observations ...

In this ex vivo study, the surface cleanliness of root canal walls after shaping with Ni-Ti instruments and irrigating with different endodontic solutions was evaluated by SEM. 50 single-rooted teeth were divided into 5 groups. All root canals were shaped with Revo-S™ (MICRO-MEGA®, Besancon, France) rotary Ni-Ti instruments and irrigated ...

Dental caries is the most common chronic childhood disease. Deep caries and dental trauma are the two main etiologic factors responsible for pulp involvement. Better knowledge of the morphology of the root canals of deciduous teeth can improve the outcome of pulp treatment. In this study, 90 deciduous molar teeth ...

Variations in the dental anatomy are found in all teeth. Understanding root canal morphology is one of the most important steps in successful root canal treatment. Thus, during the diagnosis and treatment phases of maxillary molars, a clinician must be aware that anatomical variations exist. The purpose of this study ...

To analyse the anatomy of the root canal system of maxillary premolars with three distinct roots using high-resolution computed tomography (μCT). Ten three-rooted human maxillary premolars were scanned transversally from crown to apex at 42μm intervals using a high-resolution desktop μTC system (Skyscan 1072). The images were processed and analysed ...

The aim of this study was to investigate the root and canal morphology of maxillary first and second molars in an Indian population by using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Maxillary first (n = 220) and second (n = 205) molars were collected from an indigenous Indian population and scanned by ...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the bactericidal efficacy of Nd:YAG and Er:YAG laser in the experimentally infected curved root canals. Previous studies revealed that laser systems have a significant bactericidal effect in both human and bovine infected straight root canals. Sixty extracted single-rooted teeth with single root ...

To elucidate the relationship between the anatomic position of the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) at the mandibular second molar and the occurrence of neurosensory disturbances of the IAN after sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO) in patients with mandibular prognathism. Also, the present study evaluated the difference in anatomic position of ...

Bacteria located in the apical root canal system potentially participate in the pathogenesis of apical periodontitis. Detection and identification of apical bacteria can be compromised because of limitations in conventional sampling and identification procedures. This study identified several bacterial taxa in the apical and middle/coronal segments of primarily infected root ...

The densification process and canal sealing ability of octacalcium phosphate (OCP)-mediated cement were investigated for developing biocompatible and biodegradable root canal filling material for deciduous root. The results of the characterization revealed that the starting paste, which consisted of monocalcium phosphate monohydrate, calcium carbonate, and α-tricalcium phosphate, gradually transformed into ...

To investigate the ability of an ultrasonically activated irrigating system to eliminate bacteria from the canal wall and dentinal tubules of extracted teeth. One hundred and thirty roots of intact human teeth were inoculated with Enterococcus faecalis for 4 weeks. The straight roots were randomly allocated to a baseline group ...

To compare canal and isthmus debris debridement efficacies of the manual dynamic irrigation (MDI) and apical negative pressure (ANP) techniques in the mesial root of mandibular first molars with narrow isthmi, using a closed canal design. Micro-computed tomography was employed to select 20 teeth, each containing a narrow isthmus. Each ...

An exact determination of the apical root canal diameter is crucial for correct cleaning and shaping of a root canal. The aim of this study was to investigate the discrepancies of the initial apical root canal diameter and the diameter that is measured by the initial apical file (IAF) after ...

This study examined canal debridement efficacy by testing the null hypothesis that there is no difference between a 'Closed' and an 'Open' system design in smear layer and debris removal using either manual dynamic agitation or the EndoVac for irrigant delivery. Forty teeth were divided into four groups and submitted ...

To evaluate the influence of apical size on cleaning of the apical third of curved canals prepared with rotary instruments. Forty-four mesiobuccal canals of maxillary molars teeth were instrumented to different apical sizes (30, 0.02; 35, 0.02; 40, 0.02; 45, 0.02) using a crown-down technique. After canal preparation, the apical ...

The aim of this study was to evaluate, by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), the cleaning of the root canal walls after instrumentation and irrigation with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) associated with 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) gel or liquid, combined or not with 17% ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA). Sixty single-root human teeth ...

Bacterial occurrence in treated root canals, even in patients without post-treatment apical periodontitis, raises the possibility that factors other than mere bacterial presence can be determinants for a favourable outcome of endodontic treatment. Because these factors may be related to the bacterial communities colonizing the root canal, including virulence, density ...

To evaluate the accuracy of four electronic apex locators (EAL) in the apical region (0-3 mm short of the foramen) and to compare the precision of the readings on the display with the real position of the file in the root canal. Twenty single-rooted extracted teeth with round root canals ...

This was to evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcomes of an antibacterial drug (Metronidazole, Nidazol, IE Ulagay Ilac A.S) application as an intra-canal medicament combined with pulpectomy in infected primary molar teeth. The study material consisted of data collected from children treated at the Dental School Dept. of Paediatric Dentistry ...

INTRODUCTION: The distolingual (DL) roots of three-rooted mandibular molars often challenge clinicians during root canal therapy. This study investigated canal curvatures in permanent three-rooted mandibular first molars by using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) scans. METHODS: Twenty three-rooted (group 1) and twenty-five two-rooted mandibular first molars (group 2) were scanned by micro-CT. ...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the eradication of Enterococcus faecalis by high-power settings of Er, Cr:YSGG laser irradiation in root canals of extracted teeth. The bacteria entering the root canal system invade dentinal tubules, resulting in persistent infections in root canals due to limited penetration of irrigation ...

INTRODUCTION: The present investigation evaluated the ability of a new passive sonic irrigation (sonic group) system (EndoActivator) to eliminate cultivable bacteria from root canals in vivo and compared it with that of standard syringe irrigation (control group). METHODS: Data were obtained by using bacteriologic sampling of root canals treated by ...

Certain irrigants leave antimicrobial residues on dentine. This study assessed if residues from MTAD, Endo-CHX, Peridex Oral Rinse or 6% NaOCl were inactivated by exposure to simulated leakage. Extracted teeth (15/group) were cut and drilled to produce a cylindrical canal space. They were irrigated, dried with paper points and transferred ...

This article discusses the successful endodontic management of 3 permanent maxillary first molars presenting with the anatomical variation of 3 roots and 6 root canals. A literature review pertaining to the variable root canal morphology of the permanent maxillary first molar is also presented. Modifications in the root canal access ...

This study investigated the accuracy of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT), spiral computed tomography (SCT), plain (plain digi), and contrast medium-enhanced digital radiographs (contrast digi) in studying root canal morphology. The root canal anatomy was analyzed in 95 teeth using CBCT, pQCT, SCT, plain digi, and ...

To evaluate the effect of apical preparation size on irrigant flow inside a root canal during final irrigation with a syringe and two different needles types, using a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model. A validated CFD model was used to simulate the irrigant flow from either a side-vented or a ...

AIM: To measure the minimum thickness of the distal (furcal) root dentine associated with the buccal and lingual canals of the mesial roots of mandibular first molars with different lengths. METHODOLOGY: The mesial roots of 285 mandibular first molars were allocated into three groups according to their length: group I ...

The aim of this paper was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of 2% chlorhexidine gel (CLX) associated with various intracanal medicaments against Candida albicans and Enterococcus faecalis inoculated in root canals. Thirty six human single-rooted teeth were contaminated with C.albicans and E.faecalis. The canals were instrumented using 2% CLX gel ...

The purpose of this study was to measure and compare the root canal cleanliness and smear layer removal effectiveness of Aquatine Endodontic Cleanser (Aquatine EC) when used as an endodontic irrigating solution in comparison with 6% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). Forty-five human teeth were randomly allocated to five treatment groups; the ...