Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) cements are amply used in spinal surgery. Nevertheless, these type of cements present some documented drawbacks. Efforts are made to improve the properties and biological performance of solid PMMA. A porous structure would seem to be advantageous for anchoring purposes. This work studied the bulk physicochemical, mechanical and ...

Objective: According to the ISO, the radiopacity of luting cements should be equal to or greater than that of aluminum. The aim of this in vitro study was to determine the radiopacity of 13 commercially available dental luting cements and compare them with human enamel and dentin. Method and Materials: ...

In this study we investigated the influence of electrospun polymer fibers on the properties of a α-tricalcium phosphate/gelatin biomimetic cement. To this aim, we added different amounts of poly(L: -lactic acid) and poly(lactide-co-glycolide) fibers to the cement composition. Fibers enrichment provoked a significant reduction of both initial and final setting ...

Background: Osteoporosis is a frequent human metabolic bone disorder. Prospectively, global ageing of populations will lead to a major increase of subjects being diagnosed with osteoporosis and in need for dental rehabilitation. However, as local osteoporosis of the jaws affects bone quantity as well as quality of edentulous regions, osseointegration ...

In this research, light cured calcium phosphate cements (LCCPCs) were developed by mixing a powder phase (P) consisting of tetracalcium phosphate and dicalcium phosphate and a photo-curable resin phase (L), mixture of hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA)/poly acrylic-maleic acid at various P/L ratios of 2.0, 2.4 and 2.8 g/mL. Mechanical strength, phase composition, chemical ...

In this study, the setting of calcium-sulphate (CS) and -phosphate (CP) based bone cements (BCs) was monitored by ultrasound. The objective was to link acoustic and material properties of ceramic-based BCs from the early stages of the cement curing process. The powder phase of the CS-cement consisted of CS hemihydrate; ...

The effect of increasing strut porosity on the osteoinductive ability of silicate substituted calcium phosphate (SiCaP) biomaterials was investigated in an ectopic ovine model. Implants with strut porosities of 22.5, 32.0 and 46.0% were inserted into the parapsinalis muscle. At 8, 12 and 24 weeks histological sections were prepared. Sections ...

The effect of increasing strut porosity on the osteoinductivity of porous calcium phosphate (CaP) and silicate-substituted calcium phosphate (SiCaP) bone substitute materials was investigated in an ovine ectopic model. One to two millimeter-sized granules or block implants with strut porosities of 10, 20, or 30% were inserted into the left ...

We previously showed that dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD) cements can be prepared using monocalcium phosphate monohydrate (MCPM) and hydroxyapatite (HA). In this study, we have characterized the degradation properties and biocompatibility of these novel cements. To study the degradation properties, cements were prepared using MCPM:HA molar ratios of 4:1, 2:1, ...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate hard and soft tissue healing to implants with a dual acid-etched surface with and without deposition of calcium-phosphate crystals. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three months after extraction of mandibular premolars in six Labrador dogs, four osteotomy preparations, 8 mm deep and 3 mm wide, were performed. The prepared canals were ...

OBJECTIVES: Increasing surface roughness and coating with tricalcium phosphate of titanium and titanium alloy implants has been proposed to provide better rates of osseointegration. However, how these changes in surface topography and chemistry influence the osseointegration process of immediate implants placed in fresh extraction sockets is unclear. This study investigated ...

An injectable, phase sensitive, in situ forming, implantable delivery system was developed for enfuvirtide, a therapeutic peptide used in the treatment of HIV infection. The development studies were carried out using poly (d,l-lactide-co-glycolide), a smart, biodegradable polymer. Different formulations were designed, prepared and evaluated by employing response surface, optimal design ...

The major challenge for dental implants is achieving optimal esthetic appearance and a concept to fulfill this criterion is evaluated. The key to an esthetically pleasing appearance lies in the properly manage the soft tissue profile around dental implants. A novel implant restoration technique on the surface was proposed as ...

Amorphous calcium phosphate, stabilized by casein phosphopeptides, has been found to enhance remineralization of subsurface lesions in permanent teeth. The purpose of the present in vitro study was to evaluate the potential of GC Tooth Mousse to enhance remineralization of initial demineralized enamel sites in primary teeth. Forty-four demineralization sites ...

Background: Bone tissue engineering requires materials that are biocompatible, mechanically suited for bone function, integrated with the host skeleton, and support osteoinduction of the implanted cells for new bone formation. The aim of this study was to compare the osteogenic potential of xenograft with hydroxyapatite/β- tricalcium phosphate (HA/β-TCP) scaffold. Methods: ...

This study's purpose was to evaluate the in vitro effect of sealants in protecting adjacent enamel from acid demineralization. Occlusal fissures of extracted molars (N=10) were sealed with: conventional nonfluoride (DO; Delton Opaque) resin-based sealant (RBS); fluoride-containing RBS (US; UltraSeal XT plus, and CP; Clinpro); amorphous calcium phosphate-containing RBS (BW; ...

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of a variety of techniques to bond new composite to artificially aged composite of different compositions. METHODS: Composite resin blocks were made of five different commercially available composites (n=30) (Clearfil AP-X, Clearfil PhotoPosterior, Photo Clearfil Bright, Filtek Supreme XT ...

Hydrophilic 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) loaded cylindrical poly(ϵ-caprolactone) (PCL) implants with different implant diameters (2, 4 and 8 mm), different drug loadings (25% and 50%) and end-capping were fabricated and characterized. The implant structure, drug content and molecular weight of PCL after 120 days drug release were investigated. The in vitro release results ...

The formation of capsular fibrosis around silicone breast implants is a common complication in reconstructive and plastic surgery. Foreign body reaction-induced infections are quite common because of the hydrophobic surface properties of silicone and are, in addition, considered to be a causative factor of capsular fibrosis. In this experimental pilot ...

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of a preparation from herbal extracts (PHE) on libido and semen quality in breeding artificial insemination boars. Ten fertile boars were divided into control and experimental groups according to significant difference of libido. There were no differences in semen quality ...

Purpose: Prosthesis color production and stability as a result of pore entrapment during mixing has not been investigated for maxillofacial silicone prostheses. The purpose of this study was to investigate pore numbers and percentages of a maxillofacial silicone elastomer mixed by two different techniques, using X-ray microfocus computerized tomography (Micro-CT), ...

Biocalcification is a widespread process of forming hard tissues like bone and teeth in vertebrates. It is also a topic connecting life sciences and earth sciences: calcified skeletons and shells deposited as sediments represent the earth's fossil record and are of paramount interest for biogeochemists trying to get an insight ...

Zinc eluted from siliconized latex (SL) increases resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to imipenem in vitro. A foreign body peritonitis model was used to evaluate the activity of imipenem using SL or silicone (S) implants. No differences were observed in mortality, positive blood cultures and tissue bacterial counts between SL and ...

Since the 1960s, silicone implants have been successfully used for breast augmentation and reconstruction. However, safety issues regarding the use of silicone have led to a moratorium by the US Food and Drug Administration between 1992 and 2006. To date, although the moratorium has been removed and women overwhelmingly prefer ...

Injectable and implantable porosified silicon (pSi) carriers and devices for prolonged and controlled delivery of biotherapeutics offer great promise for treatment of various chronic ailments and acute conditions. Polyethylene glycols (PEGs) are important surface modifiers currently used in clinic mostly to avoid uptake of particulates by reticulo-endothelial system (RES). In ...

Visible electroluminescence (EL) with two composite bands, i.e., a violet band and a green-yellow band has been observed from Si-implanted silicon nitride thin films. By varying the intensity ratio of the two composite EL bands in terms of the injection current, strong white-color EL can be achieved at certain injection ...

Recently, silicone prostheses have been used instead of acrylic ocular prostheses. The authors sought to assess the ability of silicone gel to facilitate the growth of an ocular silicone prosthesis and to determine the best application modality to achieve maximal possible growth. Two ocular prostheses with similar baseline dimensions and ...

The traditional nonabsorbable silicone buckling implant (buckle) may cause some long-term complications when it is used in the retinal detachment surgery. In this study we fabricated a chitosan-gelatin based buckling implant to replace the traditional one. We evaluated its biocompatibility with human scleral fibroblasts (HSF) in vitro and its cytotoxicity ...

PURPOSE: To describe the association between calcification of older and newer designs of silicone intraocular lenses (IOLs) and asteroid hyalosis. DESIGN: Case series with clinicopathologic correlation. PARTICIPANTS: Sixteen silicone IOLs explanted because of decreased visual acuity associated with opacifying deposits on the posterior optic surface. METHODS: All 16 lenses underwent ...

Unilateral vocal fold paralysis can result in incomplete glottic closure, compromising the vocal efficiency and increasing the risk of aspiration. The glottic gap can be reduced by medialization thyroplasty. Both silicone and titanium implants have been described to be efficient in the improvement of the vocal outcome. The aim of ...

Wood-derived silicon carbide (SiC) offers a specific biomorphous microstructure similar to the cellular pore microstructure of bone. Compared with bioactive ceramics such as calcium phosphate, however, silicon carbide is considered not to induce spontaneous interface bonding to living bone. Bioactivation by chemical treatment of biomorphous silicon carbide was investigated in ...

Capsular fibrosis is one of the most severe complications that can occur in connection with silicone breast implants. Should this case arise, a periprosthetic deposition of fibroid tissue may evolve. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta is one of the most important mediators in relation to such processes. The chinazolinone derivative halofuginone ...

Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) are used to machine miniaturized implantable medical devices. Our group has used MEMS technology to develop hemofiltration membranes for use in renal replacement therapy, which possess enhanced selectivity and permeability. The use of silicon in blood-contacting environments may be limited, however, due to contact activation of the ...

By using a dry etch chemistry which relies on the highly preferential etching of silicon, over that of gallium (Ga), we show resist-free fabrication of precision, high aspect ratio nanostructures and microstructures in silicon using a focused ion beam (FIB) and an inductively coupled plasma reactive ion etcher (ICP-RIE). Silicon ...

Mesoporous magnesium manganese silicate materials were prepared using mesoporous silica SBA-15 or KIT-6 as both template and silicon source. The materials exhibited improved electrochemical intercalation and deintercalation toward Mg(2+), compared with the corresponding bulk material.

Minimally invasive subdermal injection of liquid silicone has been used clinically to augment the soft tissue of the foot to mitigate high pressures that cause diabetic foot ulcers. However, implant migration has been a clinical issue. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of three specific concentrations ...

This in vitro study evaluated the antibacterial effect of copper additives in silicone implants. Specimens of a standard silicone material used in breast augmentation and modified copper-loaded silicone specimens were prepared and incubated in a Staphylococcus epidermidis suspension (2 h, 37 degrees C). After the quantification of adhering staphylococci using ...

The suitability of porous silicon (pSi) encapsulated in microfibers of the biodegradable polymer polycaprolactone (PCL) for ophthalmic applications was evaluated, using both a cell attachment assay with epithelial cells and an in vivo assessment of biocompatibility in rats. Microfibers of PCL containing encapsulated pSi particles at two different concentrations (6 ...

Silicone elastomers exhibit a broad range of beneficial properties that are exploited in biomaterials. In some cases, however, problems can arise at silicone elastomer interfaces. With breast implants, for example, the fibrous capsule that forms at the silicone interface can undergo contracture, which can lead to the need for revision ...

Periprosthetic capsules are a common reaction of the body to silicone or polyurethane breast implants. The aim of this study was to evaluate similarities and differences in the histological features of periprosthetic capsules surrounding silicone implants and polyurethane foam-coated implants and to correlate those features with the age of the ...

Local gallium implantation of silicon by a focused ion beam (FIB) has been used to create a mask for anisotropic tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) wet etching. The dependence of the etch stop properties of gallium-doped silicon on the implanted dose has been investigated and a dose of 4 x 10(13) ions ...

This study aimed to investigate the progress of wound healing around silicone expander with particular emphasis on fibroblasts, myofibroblasts and collagen in the repair phase. Semi-quantitative evaluation of inflammatory cells and their cytokines, fibroblasts and myofibroblasts at the tissue-material interface was carried out. Commercially available silicone expander was implanted in ...

Methods of alloplastic forehead augmentation using soft expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) and silicone implants are described. Soft ePTFE forehead implantation has the advantage of being technically simpler, with better fixation. The disadvantages are a limited degree of forehead augmentation and higher chance of infection. Properly fabricated soft silicone implants provide potential ...

In this report, two cases presenting with CTS including a fracture of the silicone implant for Kienböck's disease after replacement over 20 years postoperatively where CTR ceased the symptoms of CTS. The major symptom characteristic was the median nerve impairment with less emphasis on the limited range of motion of ...

The excessive collagen deposition around silicone breast implants followed by contracture and development of severe pain is a major clinical problem. This study was conducted to investigate the profibrotic and antifibrotic cytokines secreted by inflammatory cells and development of myofibroblasts at the tissue material interface around silicone breast expander and ...

INTRODUCTION AND AIMS: Silicone biocompatibility is dictated by cell-surface interaction and its understanding is important in the field of implantation. The role of surface topography and its associated cellular morphology needs investigation to identify qualities that enhance silicone surface biocompatability. This study aims to create well-defined silicone topographies and examine ...

[This corrects the article on p. 133701 in vol. 95.].

The purpose of this survey was to review the extraoral maxillofacial materials currently used as well as the advantages and disadvantages of the materials in the fabrication of facial prostheses. Results of this survey will enhance scientific knowledge, generate research study ideas, and possibly lead to production of alternative or ...

Silicone implant material is widely used in the field of plastic surgery. Despite its benefits the lack of biocompatibility this material still represents a major problem. Due to the surface characteristics of silicone, protein adsorption and cell adhesion on this polymeric material is rather low. The aim of this study ...

Scientific controversy concerning silicone and its biocompatibility has been ongoing for the last 10 years. This study on textured and smooth silicone breast implant shells using fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy associated with attenuated total reflectance cells aimed to identify eventual chemical modifications of silicone induced by texturization. The surfaces of ...