Acute aortic syndrome (AAS) is a constellation of potentially life-threatening acute aortic diseases. The spectrum includes penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer, intramural haematoma, dissection, and unstable thoracic aneurysm. AAS cannot be reliably diagnosed clinically and multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) has revolutionized the diagnosis and management of this group of conditions in the ...

The distal revascularization and interval ligation procedure is commonly performed for steal syndrome in upper arm arteriovenous accesses and is rarely performed in the forearm. We present a case of distal revascularization and interval ligation procedure performed for a 60-year-old male who presented with a 3-month history of a nonhealing ...

In this review we question the current way of handling tackle a problem of chronic cough, especially by the excessive number of patients who can not find complete relief from your cough by anatomical diagnosis of universal use. From the field of Otolaryngology new perspectives arise now considering the larynx ...

Li-Fraumeni syndrome is a cancer predisposition syndrome associated with a variety of neoplasms, mainly soft tissue sarcoma, premenopausal breast cancer, brain tumors, adrenocortical carcinoma, and leukemia. Esophageal leiomyomatosis involves the presence of several rare benign neoplastic lesions composed of proliferating smooth muscle cells in the esophageal wall. The current case ...

The milk-alkali syndrome was a common cause of hypercalcemia, metabolic alkalosis, and renal failure in the early 20th century. It was caused by the ingestion of large quantities of milk and absorbable alkali to treat peptic ulcer disease. The syndrome virtually vanished after introduction of histamine-2 blockers and proton pump ...

Boerhaave's syndrome (Spontaneous oesophageal perforation following forceful vomiting) is uncommon. However, when it occurs and the appropriate treatment is not given on time, it is fraught with early complications, leading to a very high mortality rate. This is a characteristic feature of this syndrome. Patient survival is in days. We ...

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is a rare hereditary syndrome known to predispose subjects to endocrine neoplasms in a variety of tissues such as the parathyroid glands, pituitary gland, pancreas and gastrointestinal tract. We herein report a patient with a past history of pituitary adenoma, presenting with symptoms of ...

Lynch syndrome, or hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC), is the most common hereditary condition predisposing for colorectal cancer. International guidelines recommend surveillance of the colorectum by colonoscopy every 1-2 years starting at the age of 20-25 years. This has been shown to reduce the incidence of, and mortality due to colorectal cancer. ...

To assess the association between Barrett esophagus (BE) and the metabolic syndrome in patients with and without reflux symptoms and to determine whether this association is reflux independent and metabolically driven. Case patients with BE and controls were residents of Olmsted County, Minnesota (1999-2006). Two control groups (one with and ...

We described a 41-year-old woman presenting with subacute onset of left hemihypesthesia, left facial palsy, dysphagia and dysgeusia. A cranial T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging revealed bilateral inhomogeneous medullary hyperintensities. The clinical manifestations conformed to Avellis syndrome, and were linked to the diagnosis of ulcerative colitis which was proved by serological ...

A 58-year-old woman with severe constipation and a habit of straining at defecation was diagnosed to have mucosal prolapse syndrome. One year later, her primary symptom changed to bloody diarrhea. The colonoscopic and histological findings were consistent with the characteristics of cap polyposis. After nine years, her symptoms and colonoscopic ...

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome is an often progressive, persistent and frequently life-threatening disease, described for the first time as characterized by ulceration of the upper jejunum, hypersecretion of gastric acid and non-beta islet cell tumors of the pancreas; this syndrome is due to the hypersecretion of gastrin. We report a case of ...

An 86-year-old Caucasian woman with a medical history of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) was admitted to the hospital with a chief complaint of sudden onset of bluish discolouration of the fifth left hand digit. On a physical examination, cyanosis of the fifth digit of the left hand was ...

Spontaneous esophageal perforation (Boerhaave syndrome) is a very uncommon, life-threatening surgical emergency that should be suspected in all patients presenting with lower thoracic-epigastric pain and a combination of gastrointestinal and respiratory symptoms. Variable clinical manifestations and subtle or unspecific radiographic findings often result in critical diagnostic delays. Multidetector computed tomography ...

This case describes a woman with a history of rheumatoid arthritis with secondary vasculitic skin ulcers, Sicca syndrome and idiopathic Parkinson's disease that was diagnosed by a neurologist in 2005. The patient's parkinsonian symptoms were difficult to control, despite the use of antiparkinsonian medications. During a regular clinical review in ...

We report a case of PELVIS (perineal hemangioma, external genital malformations, lipomyelomeningocele, vesicorenal abnormalities, imperforate anus and skin tag) syndrome in which hemangioma in the perineal area was misdiagnosed at birth as diaper rash. Investigations revealed associated vesicorenal and spinal abnormalities. We emphasize careful diagnosis of suspicious lesions at birth ...

Epizootic ulcerative syndrome was diagnosed, and the presence of Aphanomyces invadans confirmed, from an outbreak of clinical disease in wild-caught bony bream (Nematalosa erebi) from the Darling River near Bourke, in New South Wales, Australia, during 2008. This confirms a significant extension of the agent beyond its historical range.

In India, genital ulcer disease (GUD) syndrome is clinically classified as herpetic or nonherpetic and managed accordingly; laboratory support is unavailable at most health facilities. We undertook a study to determine the etiology of GUDs in men presenting to sexually transmitted infection (STI) clinics and assess the performance of the ...

Superior mesenteric artery (SMA) syndrome is an uncommon cause of duodenal outlet obstruction. Symptoms and signs suggestive of this condition are nonspecific, and a high index of suspicion coupled with appropriate imaging studies are necessary for diagnosis. We present the case of a 70-year-old man who developed SMA syndrome following ...

The hyperimmunoglobulinemia D syndrome (HIDS), so-called mevalonate kinase deficiency, is caused by recessive mutations in the gene encoding mevalonate kinase enzyme. HIDS is characterized by recurrent fever attacks of 3-7 days that begin in infancy and recur every 4-6 weeks. The febrile period is accompanied by lymphadenopathy, arthralgia, abdominal pain, ...

A 37-year-old man was hospitalised because of anaemia and fatigue due to an infiltrating adenocarcinoma of the Treitz angle (duodenum), together with gastric, duodenal and colorectal polyps. After the operation, removal of colorectal lesions revealed the presence of ganglioneuromatosis of the large bowel. Further investigations showed lack of MLH1 protein ...

In the present paper the increasing difficulty of diagnosis of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (ZES) due to issues raised in two recent papers is discussed. These issues involve the difficulty and need to withdraw patients suspected of ZES from treatment with Proton Pump Inhibitors (omeprazole, esomeprazole, lansoprazole, rabeprazole, pantoprazole) and the unreliability ...

In 1998, Guilford et al. identified the hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC) syndrome, caused by germline alterations at the CDH1 (E-cadherin) gene. To date, 141 probands harboring more than 100 different germline CDH1 alterations, mainly point mutations and large deletions, have been described. In mutation-positive individuals prophylactic total gastrectomy is recommended. The ...

Duodenal stenosis due to periduodenal hematoma is a rare condition. Although clinical presentations should vary among causes, symptoms of duodenal stenosis due to periduodenal hematoma commonly include abdominal pain, nausea, or vomiting. We describe three cases of duodenal stenosis due to periduodenal hematoma with similar clinical courses. All patients had ...

Acid reflux, which is the entry of acidic gastric contents into the upper gastrointestinal tract, may manifest as two clinical syndromes-gastroesophageal reflux and/or laryngopharyngeal reflux. The latter syndrome, laryngopharyngeal reflux, is associated with the symptom of hoarseness. In the literature on eating disorders, according to general articles on medical complications, ...

Communicating bronchopulmonary foregut malformations are extremely rare congenital malformations, characterized by a communicating fistula between an isolated part of the respiratory system and the esophagus or the stomach. In this article, we present a case of esophageal atresia type C, later diagnosed as a rare form of a communicating bronchopulmonary ...

This is a case of a 59-year-old woman with Bouveret syndrome. An initial endoscopic approach to management is described. Gallstone ileus occurs when a gallstone passes from a cholecystoduodenal fistula or a choledochoduodenal fistula into the gastrointestinal tract and causes obstruction, usually at the ileocecal valve. Bouveret syndrome is a ...

The gastric polyps are rare as compared to the colonic polyps. Multiple gastric polyps are seen in association with other polyposis syndromes like juvenile polyposis, Gardner's syndrome, the Peutz-Jeghers syndrome and the Cronkhite-Canada syndrome. Diffuse gastric polyposis is a rare entity and only few cases have been reported. The mode ...

Behçet syndrome (also known as Behçet disease) is a rare condition that is associated with considerable morbidity. Cases of Behçet syndrome have been reported worldwide, but the highest prevalence occurs in countries that border the ancient Silk Route, such as Turkey and Iran. Although oral ulceration, genital ulceration and eye ...

BACKGROUND: Abdominal fat accumulation, which induces high intra-abdominal pressure that causes increase in the gastroesophageal pressure gradient and hiatal hernia, as well as obesity, has been shown to increase the prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). This study was performed to clarify the association between metabolic syndrome and the prevalence ...

Background: Carotid blow-out syndrome is one of the most devastating complications of head and neck carcinoma. It usually occurs as a post-operative complication or when the tumour compromises the vascular axis. Methods and results: We report two patients who suffered carotid blow-out syndrome but who did not have the usual ...

ABSTRACT: A 5-year-old girl presented with episodes of coughing, inspiratory stridor, and occasionally squeaking breath sounds. There was no history of a foreign body aspiration. Initially, she was diagnosed with allergic asthma. However, signs and symptoms continued despite a trial of inhaled corticosteroids. A chest radiograph showed a hyperlucent right ...

This is a case of Milk-AlKali syndrome in a patient who presented with the classical triad of hypercalcemia, metabolic alkalosis and renal impairment. The source of calcium was over-the-counter calcium-containing antacid (Tums®). Milk-alkali syndrome was first recognized secondary to treatment of peptic ulcer disease with milk and absorbable alkali. Its ...

Neurogenic pulmonary edema is a clinical syndrome that manifests as an acute onset of pulmonary edema in the setting of a central nervous system injury, without cardiac dysfunction. Neurogenic pulmonary edema is rare in children, and the mechanism is still not completely understood. The clinical pathology overlaps with acute lung ...

ABSTRACT: Acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome are clinical entities of multi-factorial origin frequently seen in traumatically injured patients requiring intensive care. We performed an unsystematic search using PubMed and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews up to January 2012. The purpose of this article is to review ...

ABSTRACT:: Lemierre syndrome is an uncommon septic thrombophlebitis of the veins of the head and the neck usually occurring after a severe oropharyngeal infection. Although subsequent septic emboli most commonly affect distant sites, such as the lungs and joints, the authors present a case of Lemierre syndrome causing bilateral cavernous ...

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is often the last resort for serious acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) when all non-invasive treatment options have failed to improve the patient's pulmonary condition. We present a successful long-term therapy with ECMO over 110 days in a 28-year-old woman. She developed postpartum cerebral venous thrombosis ...

The acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is an important cause of acute respiratory failure that is often associated with multiple organ failure. Several clinical disorders can precipitate ARDS, including pneumonia, sepsis, aspiration of gastric contents, and major trauma. Physiologically, ARDS is characterized by increased permeability pulmonary edema, severe arterial hypoxemia, ...

A preterm infant with congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (CCAM) who developed a right-sided pulmonary air leak syndrome (pulmonary interstitial emphysema and bronchopleural fistula) following CCAM resection is reported. The pulmonary air leak syndrome was successfully ameliorated by intubating the right mainstem bronchus using a modified endotracheal tube that allowed selective ...

A 5 years old boy affected with Glycogen Storage Disease type Ia (GSD-Ia) with previous optimal metabolic control developed severe erratic hypoglycemic episodes during continuous nocturnal gastric drip-feeding (CNGDF) administered by nasogastric tube. The episodes of hypoglycemia were not related to pump failure or human errors or wrong position of ...

Abstract  Partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection with drainage into the inferior vena cava (Scimitar syndrome, SS) is rare in adults. Surgical procedures to correct SS often require circulatory arrest. We describe a method to avoid circulatory arrest using vacuum-assisted venous drainage. (J Card Surg 2012;**:1-3).

Phenobarbital, an antiepileptic agent has numerous adverse reactions including Stevens- Johnson syndrome (SJS), a rare medical emergency. A 12-year-old male epileptic child with phenobarbital-induced SJS was referred for the management of severe pain in relation to extensively decayed molar tooth and oral mucosal ulcerations. The patient was managed by withdrawal ...

ABSTRACT: Melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA-5) is a novel autoantibody frequently characterized by interstitial lung disease and a distinct cutaneous phenotype with palmar papules, ulceration, and rash. Virtually all patients have underlying dermatomyositis, but many lack the characteristic clinical myopathy associated with it. In the setting of amyopathic disease, the ...

Ultrasound (US) interstitial syndrome is a sonographic lung pattern characterized by the presence of acoustic artifacts (B-lines and white lung). The purpose of this study was to demonstrate how interstitial syndrome is determined by acoustic interactions in lungs of variable density and in healthy organs deflated to a nonphysiologic level ...

Acute respiratory distress syndrome is considered the most severe form of acute lung injury resulting in high morbidity and mortality. This syndrome is characterized by noncardiogenic pulmonary edema, diffuse pulmonary infiltrates, and hypoxemia refractory to oxygen delivery. Critical care nurses should be aware of newer treatment modalities available for patients ...

Swyer-James Macleod syndrome is a radiologic entity characterized by hyperlucency of one or more lobes or of the entire lung, decreased number and diameter of ipsilateral peripheral pulmonary vessels, and difficult visibility of the arterial network and unobstructed bronchial system. A 21-year-old male was admitted to our clinic on the ...

To assess lung function longitudinally after neonatal ECMO, and to identify any effects of diagnosis and perinatal characteristics.121 neonatal ECMO-treated children (70 meconium aspiration syndrome, 20 congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 31 other diagnoses) performed altogether 191 lung function measurements at 5, 8 and/or 12 years. We assessed dynamic and static lung ...

Anormal drainage of the pulmonary veins into the inferior vena cava is known as scimitar syndrome. Scimitar syndrome often presents during infancy and rarely during adulthood, and the adult patients are mostly asymptomatic. It is usually in association with dextrocardia, hypoplasia of right lung, and congenital heart defects. However, interruption ...

Partial pulmonary venous connection anomaly is relatively uncommon form of congenital heart diseases. The quite rare combination of this anomaly with hypoplasia of the right lung and dextroposition of the heart is designated as scimitar syndrome. Most cases are presented in infantile period and adult presentation is exceedingly rare. Our ...

Lemierre's syndrome is usually reported in the young and in fit individuals. We report a case of an 81-year-old woman who presented with thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein with a pulmonary embolism.