Metabolic syndrome is associated with migraine but there is no study comparing the characteristics of migraine with and without metabolic syndrome from Southeast Asia. This study was therefore undertaken to compare the clinical characteristics of migraine in patients with and without metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance. 135 consecutive patients with ...

Sjögren's syndrome is a systemic autoimmune condition centred around salivary gland dysfunction and atrophy. There are a plethora of antibodies that mark the decline of the salivary glands, most of which relate to apoptopic mediated destruction of acinar cells. The best known of these autoantibodies, anti-Ro and anti-La form part ...

Tobacco is a leading contributor to morbidity and mortality globally. Metabolic syndrome is a constellation of abdominal obesity, atherogenic dyslipidemia, raised blood pressure, insulin resistance (with and without glucose intolerance), pro-inflammatory state, and pro-thrombotic state. Tobacco use is associated with various core components of metabolic syndrome. It has been found ...

Metabolic syndrome is a clustering of several cardiovascular risk factors. Contrary to earlier thoughts, metabolic syndrome is no longer rare in Africa. The prevalence is increasing, and it tends to increase with age. This increase in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the continent is thought to be due to ...

Metabolic syndrome is a complex disorder caused by a cluster of interrelated factors that increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. Obesity is the main precursor for metabolic syndrome that can be targeted in developing various therapies. With this view, several physical, psychological, pharmaceutical and dietary therapies ...

Abstract Systemic autoinflammatory diseases are a group of inherited disorders of the innate immune system characterized by seemingly unprovoked inflammation recurring at variable intervals and involving skin, serosal membranes, joints, and gastrointestinal apparatus, with reactive amyloidosis as a possible severe long-term complication. Recent advances in genetics and molecular biology have ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS) is a relatively rare clinical entity; even more so in response to vancomycin. METHODS: Case report. RESULTS: We present a severe case of vancomycin-induced DRESS syndrome, which on presentation included only skin, hematological and mild liver involvement. The patient further ...

Multiorgan dysfunction syndrome represents a continuum of cumulative organ dysfunction from very mildly altered function to total and, rarely, irreversible organ failure and is the major cause of death in the intensive care unit (ICU). The terms MULTIPLE ORGAN FAILURE SYNDROME ( MOFS), MULTIPLE ORGAN SYSTEM FAILURE ( MOSF), and ...

We present a case of central anticholinergic syndrome following dobutamine-atropine stress echocardiography in an elderly female. Although atropine toxicity is a recognized complication of stress echocardiography, no case reports are currently available. The central nervous system side effects of atropine are varied in severity (mild cognitive impairment to severe coma) ...

The systemic inflammatory response syndrome, the host's response to infection involves a series of cascading events that mobilize a series of mediators involving the immune system, complement, and the coagulation cascade. Although the initial focus of mediators is to limit infection, this cascade may run amok and cause the development ...

Inflammation is an adaptive response to surgery. When the pro-inflammatory responses are unregulated and become over reactive, systemic inflammatory response syndrome may occur. Postoperative systemic inflammation is more common than is generally acknowledged and is observed in about 10-15% of elderly patients undergoing major surgery. Although the vast majority of ...

The presence of systemic and/or immune manifestations in myelodysplasia has been currently reported. The influence of these manifestations on the natural outcome of myelodysplastic syndrome has to be considered. We present a multicenter retrospective study (2002-2009) of patients with myelodysplastic syndrome disclosing systemic and/or immune manifestations. Forty-six patients with myelodysplasia ...

Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes (PNSs) cover a wide range of diseases and involve both the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system. Paraneoplastic encephalitis comprises several diseases such as paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration (PCD), limbic encephalitis (LE), paraneoplastic encephalomyelitis (PEM), brainstem encephalitis, opsomyoclonus syndrome, in addition to other even less frequently ...

The heart and kidney are physiologically interconnected. Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) is a pathological disorder where acute or chronic dysfunction in one organ may induce dysfunction in the other one. Although classical studies have proposed a role for hypertension, dyslipidemia and endothelial dysfunction, CRS should be considered as a complex molecular ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: We conducted a pilot utility evaluation and information needs assessment of the Distribute Project at the 2010 Washington State Public Health Association (WSPHA) Joint Conference. Distribute is a distributed community-based syndromic surveillance system and network for detection of influenza-like illness (ILI). Using qualitative methods, we assessed the perceived ...

Miller Fisher syndrome (MFS), a variant of the Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), is characterized by ophthalmoplegia, ataxia, and areflexia. The annual incidence is around one patient per one million population. The antiganglioside anti-GQ1b IgG antibody has a role in the pathogenesis of the syndrome, especially of ophthalmoplegia. The presence of this ...

Compressive myopathy syndrome (SCM) is a syndrome characterized by the lesion of skeletal muscle resulting in subsequent release of intracellular contents (myoglobin, creatine phosphokinase, potassium, etc.) into the circulatory system, which can cause potentially lethal complications. There are numerous causes that can lead to SCM resulting to acute rhabdomyolysis, and ...

Cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass provokes a systemic inflammatory response syndrome caused by the surgical trauma itself, blood contact with the non-physiological surfaces of the extracorporeal circuit, endotoxemia, and ischemia. The role of endotoxin in the inflammatory response syndrome has been well investigated. In this report, we reviewed recent advances ...

Noonan syndrome describes a rare multisystem condition that manifests with Turner syndrome phenotype combined with numerous systemic and facial characteristics. The most common systemic findings include cardiac defects, short stature, chest deformity, hearing loss, and bleeding diatheses. Patients with Noonan syndrome are also at a greater risk of developing various ...

The present paper investigated the fear of being laughed at (gelotophobia) in relation to recalled experiences of having been laughed at in the past in individuals with Asperger's Syndrome (AS). About 45% of the individuals with AS (N = 40), but only 6% of the controls (N = 83) had at least a slight ...

In about 30% of the patients with syndromal craniosynostosis, a genetic mutation can be traced. For the purpose of adequate genetic counseling and treatment of these patients, the full spectrum of clinical findings for each specific mutation needs to be appreciated. The Pro250Arg mutation in the FGFR3 gene is found ...

The authors report an unusual case of Marcus Gunn syndrome in an adult patient, characterized by classical Marcus Gunn on one side and inverse Marcus Gunn on the other side. The patient exhibited a "see-saw" kind of eyelid movement on opening and closing the mouth and on moving the jaw ...

Engraftment syndrome is a noninfectious pulmonary complication after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation that represents a form of diffuse capillary leak associated with lung injury and pulmonary edema. The high-resolution computed tomography findings are interstitial edema and pleural effusions. A combination of clinical information and high-resolution computed tomography findings may help ...

Introduction: Dorsal midbrain syndrome (DMS) is characterized by upgaze paralysis, convergence-retraction nystagmus, and eyelid retraction. Impaired downgaze and pupillary light-near dissociation may co-exist, while less common features including exotropia and convergence paralysis have also been described. However, loss of motor fusion is not a well recognised finding in DMS. Purpose: ...

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pandemic has disproportionately affected tropical regions of the world, where dermatoses, such as leprosy and leishmaniasis, rarely encountered in temperate climates, are endemic. Although the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has been lifesaving, a few patients undergoing HAART experience clinical deterioration caused by ...

Controlled in vitro spectroscopic measurements reveal that bilirubin does not photosensitize the degradation of copper-porphyrins, as has been proposed for the mechanism of the bronze-baby syndrome, an uncommon side-effect of phototherapy. Calculations also show that copper-porphyrins are unlikely to cause the "bronzing." In conclusion, the copper-porphyrin hypothesis is photochemically implausible.

To leptospirosis is the commonest spirocheatal infection in the tropical and temperate countries of Indian sub-continent and Africa and the most common zoonosis worldwide. The protean manifestation of this infectious disease is a challenge for practising clinicians across the world. In poor developing countries, at most clinical suspicion it is ...

Many animals exhibit behavioural syndromes-consistent individual differences in behaviour across two or more contexts or situations. Here, we present adaptive, state-dependent mathematical models for analysing issues about behavioural syndromes. We find that asset protection (where individuals with more 'assets' tend be more cautious) and starvation avoidance, two state-dependent mechanisms, can ...

Current interest in behavioural syndromes, or 'animal personalities', reinforces a need for behavioural ecologists to adopt a multivariate view of phenotypes. Fortunately, many of the methodological and theoretical issues currently being dealt with by behavioural ecologists within the context of behavioural syndromes have previously been investigated by researchers in other ...

Sepsis and the severe systemic response syndrome are very common illnesses that are responsible for a great amount of morbidity and death. These closely related conditions are characterized by a remarkable increase in the prohormone ProCT (procalcitonin). ProCT is both a marker of sepsis and a harmful mediator of the ...

To summarize current evidence in the association of imprinting disorders and assisted reproductive technology. The worldwide usage of assisted reproductive technology (ART) has continued to increase since the first successful birth of a human after IVF. Since 2002, several reports have raised concerns that children conceived by ART are at ...

Although inherited predisposition to colorectal cancer (CRC) has been suspected for more than 100 years, definitive proof of Mendelian syndromes had to await maturation of molecular genetic technologies. Since the l980s, the genetics of several clinically distinct entities has been revealed. Five disorders that share a hereditary predisposition to CRC ...

Hygroscopically active awns or "bristles" have long intrigued scientists. Experimental evidence shows that they are important for diaspore burial in the correct orientation, thereby increasing successful seed germination and seedling survival. Despite these ecological advantages, 38 of the 280 species of grasses in Danthonioideae lack awns. We provide the first ...

The Angelman syndrome is clinically delineated by the combination of seizures, absent speech, hypermotoric and ataxic movements and certain remarkable behaviors. Those with the syndrome have a predisposition toward apparent happiness and paroxysms of laughter, and this finding helps distinguish Angelman syndrome from other ones involving severe developmental handicap. In ...

Current pharmacotherapy for acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is not optimal, and the biological and physiological complexity of these severe lung injury syndromes requires consideration of combined-agent treatments or agents with pleiotropic action. In this regard, exogenous erythropoietin (EPO) represents a possible candidate since a ...

There has been considerable interest in the role of environmental factors and the induction of autoimmunity and the ways by which they facilitate loss of tolerance. Clearly both genetic and environmental factors are incriminated, as evidenced by the lack of concordance in identical twins and the relatively recent identification of ...

Acute aortic syndromes have an incidence of >30 per million per annum and a high mortality without definitive treatment. Survival may relate to the speed of diagnosis. Although pain is the most common symptom, there is a large fraction of patients in whom the diagnosis may be mistaken or overlooked. ...

Ulnar impaction syndrome is a common source of ulnar-sided wrist pain. It is a degenerative condition that occurs secondary to excessive load across the ulnocarpal joint, resulting in a spectrum of pathologic changes and symptoms. It may occur in any wrist but is usually associated with positive ulnar variance, whether ...

The use of high-dose polyclonal intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) in the treatment of autoimmune neurological diseases has expanded over the last decade. Based on controlled clinical trials IVIG can be considered currently as the first-line treatment in Guillain-Barré syndrome, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy and multifocal motor neuropathy, and it may be ...

The Gorham-Stout Syndrome is a rare condition in which spontaneous, progressive resorption of bone occurs. Even though the prognosis of the condition is generally considered to be good, Gorham-Stout syndrome can cause severe debilitation. In approximately 13% of recorded cases, death ensues. The treatment modalities for Gorham-Stout Syndrome include surgery, ...

Frontotemporal dementias are syndromes of progressive dysfunction of the frontal and/or temporal lobes, either unilaterally or bilaterally. These syndromes were described clinically under the terms "primary progressive aphasia" in the United States and "frontotemporal dementia" in Europe and the United Kingdom. They are diagnosed by the clinical features of a ...

Postpartum necrosis of the anterior pituitary gland is known as Sheehan's syndrome in honor of Harold Leeming Sheehan who characterized the syndrome as the consequence of ischemia after severe puerperal hemorrhage. With advancements of obstetrical care, Sheehan's syndrome has become uncommon except in developing countries. In many affected women, anterior ...

Patients with noncompaction syndrome of the myocardium may present with cardiac arrhythmia, thromboembolic events, or left ventricular failure. Associations with other diseases, including neurologic or other cardiac syndromes, have been noted. Noncompaction syndrome of the myocardium is primarily diagnosed by echocardiography; however, CT scanning and magnetic resonance imaging are useful ...

Paraneoplastic syndromes are localized or diffuse pathologic manifestations that may occur in subjects affected by neoplastic diseases, even occult ones. Among the many clinical manifestations of paraneoplastic syndromes, cutaneous ones are quite common. It is estimated that skin manifestations may represent the very first diagnostic sign of a neoplastic disease ...

Based on concepts proposed by Langley, Cannon, and Selye, adrenal responses to stress occur in a syndrome that reflects activation of the sympathoadrenal system and hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenocortical (HPA) axis; and a "stress syndrome" maintains homeostasis in emergencies such as "fight or flight" situations, but if the stress response is excessive or ...

The nonthyroidal illness syndrome (NTIS) is a very common clinical entity among hospitalized patients and has been reported in practically every severe illness and acute or chronic stressful event. There is a large body of data associating the presence of NTIS with the severity of the underlying disease. Most of ...

Antibodies against autoantigens involved in GABAergic neurotransmission are a shared feature of the different subtypes of stiff person syndrome (SPS). The autoantigens can be either presynaptic such as the smaller isoform of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65), postsynaptic such as GABA-A receptor-associated protein and gephyrin, or located at the pre- and ...

This review summarizes our current understanding of the neurological manifestations of primary Sjogren's syndrome (PSS), their pathophysiology, and treatment. Prevalence of neurological manifestations in PSS varies widely from 10 to 60%, with pure or predominantly sensory polyneuropathies as the most common neurologic manifestation (e.g. sensory ataxic or small fiber sensory ...

Café-au-lait, also referred to as café-au-lait spots or café-au-lait macules, present as well-circumscribed, evenly pigmented macules and patches that range in size from 1 to 2 mm to greater than 20 cm in greatest diameter. Café-au-lait are common in children. Although most café-au-lait present as 1 or 2 spots in ...

Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) is a syndrome that affects the immune system and attacks the peripheral nervous system. Discussion includes defining GBS as well as its etiology and differential diagnosis. Patients with GBS are not uncommon, and therefore it is important to be educated and to have a more precise understanding. ...