The authors review the available evidence regarding the nature, cause, and treatment of the premenstrual syndromes. They attribute the contradictory results of various studies and the current theoretical confusion in the area to the failure of investigators to carefully define the syndromes, formulate a set of answerable questions, and select ...

A man taking haloperidol presented with psychosis, polydipsia, and the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). A water-loading test indicated that haloperidol did not cause the SIADH. In patients taking haloperidol or other neuroleptics associated with SIADH who develop psychosis, polydipsia, and complications of SIADH such as hyponatremia, ...

Since the approval of lithium use in treatment of acute mania, there have been numerous clinical trials of lithium in medical and psychiatric disorders. This paper gives a brief review of the literature on lithium trials in approximately fourteen medical conditions. These are: hyperthyroidism, metabolizing thyroid cancer, syndrome of inappropriate ...

A male infant showed features of the Prader-Willi syndrome (including profound hypotonia, cryptorchidism, and mildly dysmorphic facial appearance) but also had additional multiple malformations (congenital heart disease, unilateral renal malmigration, and bifid uvula). A deletion of the long arm of chromosome 15, larger than that usually demonstrated in children with ...

This is a survey of 14 placebo-controlled studies regarding the treatment of premenstrual symptoms with bromocriptine. There is no substantial support that bromocriptine is an effective drug in the premenstrual syndrome as an entity. Symptoms such as irritability, depression, and anxiety were not significantly improved during treatment with bromocriptine compared ...

A clinical picture compatible with the syndrome of inappropriate ADH (antidiuretic hormone) secretion was observed in two patients receiving vinblastine-bleomycin chemotherapy. The mechanism by which this response is brought about is unclear. Penetration of Vinka alkaloids into CSF of humans is poor in the absence of extensive meningeal involvement, and ...

A relationship between acute psychosis, water ingestion, and the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) has been reported. This syndrome was observed in a psychotic patient who ingested massive amounts of water and became symptomatically hyponatremic with seizures. Although he had been taking haloperidol, the SIADH responded to ...

The syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) as a cause of hypotonic hyponatremia is well recognized. The syndrome is commonly associated with cranial and thoracic infectious disease or malignancy. An idiopathic form of the syndrome has been reported, but poorly documented. Our patient, an 88-year-old man without any associated ...

No significant difference was found in the range or mean values of ir-beta-endorphin in the plasma of 6 patients with the Prader-Labhart-Willi syndrome compared to 7 of their normal siblings. The hypothesis that some of the symptoms of the P-L-W syndrome are due to excessive opioid activity is not supported ...

Thyrotoxicosis is not one but many syndromes, and a variety of thyroid and nonthyroid disorders can clinically simulate thyrotoxicosis. Thus, diagnosis is not always straightforward. Heat intolerance and weight loss are hallmarks of the disorder. For correct identification, abnormal elevation of triiodothyronine (T3) or thyroxine (T4), specifically the free hormone ...

The physical activity levels of 12 individuals with Prader-Willi syndrome were measured by actometers and pedometers at a 2-week summer camp. Similar measurements were made on 13 nonretarded children at another camp. A wide range of activity levels existed among the Prader-Willi syndrome persons that was greater than that found ...

The syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone is a rare but well-recognized neurotoxic side effect of vincristine therapy. The first neuropathological report of a case is presented. A 6-month-old boy with skin leukemia developed inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone caused by vincristine. Postmortem examination revealed axonal spheroids in the ...

A 15 1/2-year-old black female with features consistent with the Prader-Willi syndrome is reported. This is the second case report of a black individual and the first case of a black female with the Prader-Willi syndrome. There is an apparent paucity of blacks reported with this condition. Whether this difference ...

The syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) has not been reported with temporal arteritis. Two cases are presented in which SIADH was related to the occurrence of temporal arteritis. When deterioration of mental status develops in a patient with temporal arteritis, SIADH should be considered in the differential diagnosis.

Of 45 female inpatients with schizophrenia, depression, borderline personality, or depression and borderline personality, 28 met criteria for probable or definite premenstrual affective syndrome. Of these 28, 16 had abnormal sexual histories, compared with only 1 of the 17 women who did not have premenstrual affective syndrome. Of the 12 ...

A smoking patient presented with altered mental status, left sided weakness, and an opacity on the chest roentgenogram. During hospitalization he developed hyponatremia, which was corrected with hypertonic saline solution, fluid restriction, and demethylchlortetracycline. The clinical presentation and the laboratory findings supported the diagnosis of the syndrome of inappropriate secretion ...

The Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion (SIADH) is a rare but serious complication of chlorpropamide therapy. In 2 elderly women who had diabetes mellitus, the SIADH developed two months after the chlorpropamide dosage had been increased to 500 mg daily. The syndrome disappeared after withdrawal of the drug. In ...

The current understanding of that peculiar group of people that fit the diagnostic entity called the Munchausen Syndrome is reviewed, and an attempt is made to elucidate their psychodynamics by suggesting that much of their behavior is motivated by disturbed object-relationships--a factor which is integral to their personality structure.

Children with Prader-Willi syndrome frequently have musculoskeletal problems such as joint hyperlaxity, hypotonia, delayed bone age, and scoliosis. Their musculoskeletal problems are magnified by the extreme obesity most of these patients exhibit. In certain cases, such as scoliosis, the Prader-Willi patient is placed at significant risk for increased morbidity and ...

The authors report the case of a man who presented with unstable angina and who, at different hospitals over a period of several months, underwent two heart catheterizations, intra-aortic ballon counterpulsation, and eventual bypass surgery despite essentially normal coronary arteries.

The premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a major clinical entity afflicting a large segment of the female population. Available information are descriptive in nature and the etiology of this syndrome remains unclear. In this review, both biochemical and psychosocial elements of the syndrome have been explored in an effort to redefine ...

3 women successfully pleaded diminished responsibility or mitigation due to premenstrual syndrome in crimes of manslaughter, arson, and assault. All had long histories of repeated misdemeanours, which continued while in prison. Police and prison records confirmed the diagnosis of premenstrual syndrome. The women were successfully treated with progesterone, and their ...

After open heart surgery for the closure of an atrial septal defect, acute brain syndrome developed in a 5-year-old girl, this being documented by laboratory evidence of the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH). Irritability and total disorientation were the first symptoms observed. She completely recovered after being treated ...

A male child with Prader Willi syndrome and a de novo 9p/15q translocation is described. A review of the literature showed that a translocation involving 15q has been described in seven cases of this syndrome. The possible relationship between Prader Willi syndrome and breakage of chromosome no. 15 in qll ...

We report on a patient with an embryonal teratocarcinoma of the testicle who had the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone after receiving a high dose of vinblastine. His clinical course and laboratory studies are discussed. We suggest that patients receiving a high dose of vinblastine are at risk ...

A 21-year-old girl with classical Prader-Willi Syndrome was found to have a 14;15 Robertsonian translocation--45,XX,t(14;15)(p11;q11). This type of Robertsonian translocation was not found in any patient from 8 surveys covering 6144 patients with mental retardation. Chromosome 15 has been involved in translocations in patients with the Prader-Willi Syndrome with greater ...

Munchausen syndrome and necrophilia are uncommon disorders which do not appear to be related. It is suggested, however, that both of them center on "return to the womb" fantasies and may represent variants of each other. Specifically, the Munchausen patient's symptom triad (factitious illness, peregrination, pseudologia fantastica) is seen to ...

Two patients with myxedema coma and extreme hyponatremia associated with the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone are described. Both recovered following i.v. hypertonic saline, furosemide and thyroxine. A review of 22 cases from the literature suggests that this therapeutic approach could improve the poor prognosis in this condition.

Several psychotropic drugs have been associated with the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). We report here a patient who on two occasions developed clinically significant hyponatremia while receiving the antipsychotic drug, haloperidol. The criteria for the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of ADH were fulfilled and other causes ...

Two cases of the Prader-Willi syndrome with 46,XY/47,XY,+mar are reported. The majority of Prader-Willi patients with chromosome abnormalities have either 15/15 translocations or mosaicism. Both of these aberrations presumably occur after fertilization. A possible relationship between high parental age and chromosome abnormalities in the Prader-Willi syndrome is discussed.

A 12-year-old female with lymphosarcoma responding to treatment including vincristine and cyclophosphamide developed clinical and laboratory findings compatible with the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone. Some additional findings were observed, i.e. uremia, hypopotassemia and alkalosis, that have not so far been recorded in that syndrome. All abnormalities were ...

The authors review the literature on Munchausen's syndrome and speculate about possible underlying psychological mechanisms. The proposed DSM III classification of factitious illnesses suggests a continuum from hysteria on one end of the spectrum to malingering on the other. Two case studies are presented which represent variants of this syndrome. ...

Experimental evidence supports the existence of a circulating substance, natriuretic hormone, which augments electrolyte excretion. Because such a hormone probably acts by inhibiting chloride reabsorption in the thick, ascending limb of the loop of Henle it would more accurately be called chloriuretic hormone. Chloriuretic hormone must have an action which ...

A 49-year-old man was submitted to neurosurgery for a cranio-pharyngioma. The lesion, which appeared to involve the antero-inferior wall of the third ventricle, caused lack of appropriate antidiuretic hormone (ADH) release in response to hypernatraemia and plasma hyperosmolality. The probable mechanism of this hypothalamic syndrome is suggested.

A patient with a malignant mesothelioma developed the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone. The electrolyte abnormalities were corrected by treatment with demethylchlortetracycline. Arginine vasopressin concentrations were increased in serum and urine. It is suggested that the syndrome might have been mediated by secretion of antidiuretic hormone from the ...

The aetiology of the hyperventilation syndrome is reviewed with special emphasis on psychological aspects. Early reports linking overbreathing and the emotions can be found as far back as the 16th century. During the last 50 years research has been carried out into respiration in psychiatric disorders but as far as ...

A discussion of the problem of obesity control in post-adolescent residents who are diagnosed as having Prader-Willi Syndrome is presented with a description of the syndrome, a brief case history of one of the residents with the syndrome, and an outline of the program used by a residential facility for ...

The syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone has been associated with many pulmonary inflammatory diseases. The origin of the hormone in these cases is the neurohypophysis, although the afferent stimulus has not been adequately characterized. A previously unreported association of this syndrome with putrid pulmonary abscess and empyema is ...

A case of a 76-year-old man with the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is discussed. The patient was initially treated with fluid restriction followed by the administration of hypertonic saline. After failure to achieve rapid correction of the condition and continued lethargy and muscle weakness in the ...

A review of the literature and the three presented cases indicate that multiple factors are often involved in the development of water intoxication in the psychotic. Although the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormones (SIADH) is one of these factors, it is usually associated with other causes of the ...

Two further cases (one previously published as D/D translocation) of 15/15 translocation in Prader-Willi syndrome are reported, which brings the total cases of this specific chromosomal anomaly in connection with this specific syndrome up to three or possibly four. It is suggested that Prader-Willi syndrome might be caused by loss ...

The efficacy of demeclocycline hydrochloride in suppressing the tubular action of tumoral antidiuretic products was tested in seven patients with the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion. In all patients, demeclocycline hydrochloride (1,200 mg/day) induced production of hypotonic urine and corrected hyponatremia despite large fluid intakes. Comparison of the response ...

We report two patients in whom the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) developed during the administration of psychotherapeutic drugs. In one, the syndrome occurred after administration of a phenothiazine drug and in the other, a butyrophenone. Both the patients were diagnostically studied for evidence of other disorders, ...

An unusual case of Munchausen's Syndrome is presented, in which the patient feigned a psychiatric history, complained of emotional symptoms and sought admission to a psychiatric unit. This variant of the usual somatic presentation is discussed in terms of the problem of motivation in Munchausen's Syndrome. Munchausen's Syndrome is a ...

The syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone has been associated with many pulmonary diseases, including tuberculosis and bacterial and viral pneumonia: however, it has not been reported with anaerobic infections or empyema in the absence of pneumonia. We report a patient with empyema due to Bacteroides melaninogenicus, Bacteroides oralis, ...

An extreme and unique manifestation of the primary empty sella syndrome was found by the pneumoencephalographic demonstration of air in the sella turcica of a short, 18-year-old, prepubescent female with primary amenorrhea. Gonadotropins and growth hormone were selectively deficient and not stimulated by luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) or insulin ...

A case, diagnosed clinically as the Prader-Willi syndrome, was shown by Giemsa banding, to have a 15/15 chromosome translocation. A review of the literature indicates that such a translocation has only been described once before, in a normal woman, but that chromosme abnormalities in the Prader-Willi syndrome most commonly involve ...

The syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone was recognized in a sixty-year-old man with a poorly differentiated metastatic adenocarcinoma of the prostate gland. Elevated levels of antidiuretic hormone were found in the patient's serum and in the prostatic tumor but not in the cerebrospinal fluid. The patient's clinical course ...

The authors describe three postmenopausal women with agitated psychotic depression, increased water ingestion, and electrolyte values consistent with the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (ADH) secretion. They hypothesize that this clinical triad represents a syndrome reflecting underlying dysfunction of the hypothalamus and limbic system of the brain. The diagnosis of ...

Lithium, an established inhibitor of antidiuretic hormone action, was used (as the carbonate salt) to treat a patient with the syndrome of inappropriate secreation of antidiuretic hormone. The patient was studied by balance technics, and after a stablized hyponatremic state developed, 0.9 g of lithium carbonate was administered daily. A ...