A 58-year-old man had undergone 2-vessel off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery (OPCAB), 1 month before he was admitted into the hospital with cardiac tamponade due to pericarditis. Postcardiac injury syndrome (PCIS) was diagnosed. In spite of receiving anti-inflammatory treatment, the patient developed relapsing PCIS.

Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) is a rare disorder characterized by acute onset, severe headache, with reversible vasoconstriction of cerebral arteries often accompanied by additional neurological symptoms. This syndrome is seen mainly in middle-aged adults, predominantly women. Herein, we report on a pediatric case of RCVS with cortical subarachnoid hemorrhage ...

Large cell calcifying sertoli cell tumor (LCCSCT) is an exceptionally rare neoplasm originating from sperm cord cells. The tumors have relatively low malignant potential and unlikely proceed to metastasis formation. The lesions may occur in an isolated form or in ca. 40% of cases may be associated with genetic abnormalities, ...

A 57-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with characteristic aging of the face and thin body. Before admission, she had been treated for diabetes mellitus type 2 and had undergone amputation of the right leg due to ischemic disease. Abdominal computed tomography revealed primary liver tumor. Biopsy of the ...

The authors describe two cases of subacromial impingement syndrome of the shoulder secondary to scapular dyskinesia caused by a tumor in young adults. The two tumors, an osteochondroma and a ganglion, were located in the scapulothoracic joint and inhibited normal kinesis of the scapula during arm motion.

Pyrethroids show moderate acute oral toxicity in rodents, and their typical toxicological signs are tremors (T syndrome) for Type I (generally non-cyano pyrethroids) and choreoathetosis with salivation (CS syndrome) for Type II (generally α-cyano pyrethroids). However, some pyrethroids show mixed clinical signs. Mainly Type II pyrethroids cause paresthesia, which is ...

The blueberry muffin baby syndrome can be caused by a variety of entities, both neoplastic and nonneoplastic. We present a rare cause of this syndrome: congenital extraosseal Ewing sarcoma. The patient was a blueberry muffin baby with a retroperitoneal tumor, whose cells were negative for neuronal markers and CD-99 immunohistochemically ...

Paragangliomas are extremely rare neoplasms with multicentric presentation usually linked to familial tumor syndromes. This patient presented with the uncommon combination of concurrent bilateral carotid body tumors and a unilateral glomus jugulare mass that demonstrated vascular continuity. During treatment, the patient was found to be heterozygous for the SDHB germline ...

To determine whether prehospital statin use is associated with a lower risk of sepsis, acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome, and mortality in critically ill patients. We also investigated the effect of combined prehospital use of both statins and aspirin. Cross-sectional analysis of a prospective cohort. A total of 575 ...

We report a case of Influenza A-induced rhabdomyolysis causing acute kidney injury in a young adult female who required invasive ventilation and renal replacement therapy. This case was further complicated by posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome. Although this represents an extremely rare neurological complication of Influenza A infection, an appreciation of ...

Fat embolism syndrome is a life-threatening condition that can develop after orthopedic injury and surgery. This syndrome developed in a 19-year-old man after a traumatic femoral fracture that was surgically repaired with intramedullary nailing. The complications experienced by the patient highlight the importance of prevention and early detection of fat ...

We report a 57 years old female patient with neck fibrosarcoma. Her main complaints consisted of hoarseness, difficulty swallowing, pain in the left side of her neck and left shoulder region, which all indicated the Collet Sicard syndrome, so the working diagnosis was glomus tumor. Diagnostic MSCT was used, and ...

The recent popularity of elastic bands on the wrist may put children at risk for acute compartment syndrome. Acute compartment syndrome is a limb-threatening condition characterized by elevated interstitial pressure in a confined fascial compartment. If left untreated, it may result in tissue necrosis, irreversible nerve and muscle injury, and ...

Drug and xenobiotic toxicity is an important cause of kidney injury, especially in vulnerable patients. Nephrotoxic syndromes include functional disorders; vascular injury, such as thrombotic microangiopathy; glomerular injury resulting in nephrotic syndrome or glomerulonephritis; acute tubular necrosis; acute interstitial nephritis; and crystalopathy/nephrolithiasis. Recently reported nephrotoxins are reviewed in the context ...

Acute lung dysfunction of noninfectious etiology, known as idiopathic pneumonia syndrome (IPS), is a severe complication following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Several mouse models have been recently developed to determine the underlying causes of IPS. A cohesive interpretation of experimental data and their relationship to the findings of clinical ...

Acute renal cortical necrosis (ARCN) is a rare cause of acute kidney injury and is characterized by the entire destruction of the renal cortex. We describe a 16-year-old girl with unremarkable personal or family history who presented with acute anuria and dyspnea. Evaluation showed acute kidney injury associated with metabolic ...

Compartment syndrome after extremity vascular injury has gained attention with the current conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan. Compartment syndrome after extremity vascular injury is due to the initial ischemic insult and reperfusion injury. Complications from compartment syndrome can be lessened by fasciotomy, which is reviewed in this article.

Compartment syndrome of the foot is an uncommon event. The most common cause of compartment syndrome of the foot is a crush injury. Exceedingly rare is acute compartment syndrome of the foot occurring in the absence of trauma. We describe the clinical scenario involving a 23-year-old healthy male who developed ...

STUDY DESIGN: Case series. BACKGROUND: Intersection syndrome is an overuse injury of the forearm. Taping has been described for the management of soft tissue injuries, yet there has been no report for the management of intersection syndrome using this method. The purpose of this case series was therefore to describe ...

Severe hyperuricemia accompanied by the other comorbidities such as anuria, fluid overload, calcium-phosphate imbalance, and/or tumor lysis syndrome is one of the indications for dialysis in the setting of acute kidney injury. Rasburicase is used in different clinical conditions such as tumor lysis syndrome and uric acid nephropathy. Among referred ...

A 31-year-old Chinese man with intractable severe, lifelong Tourette's syndrome characterised by forceful self-injurious motor tics and socially embarrassing vocal tics was treated with bilateral deep brain stimulation. Electrodes were implanted into the thalamic targets at the centromedian-parafascicular complex according to Hassler's nomenclature. A dramatic reduction of tics resulted. At ...

Severe proteinuria is a defining factor of nephrotic syndrome irrespective of the etiology. Investigation of congenital nephrotic syndrome has shown that dysfunction of glomerular epithelial cells (podocytes) plays a crucial role in this disease. Acquired nephrotic syndrome is also assumed to be associated with podocyte injury. Here we identify an ...

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) is a rare familial disorder affecting the production, quality and strength of collagen. It presents in many forms, and many individuals experience hypermobile joints and soft, elastic skin. When injury occurs, EDS can result in severe bruising, the development of wide open wounds and delayed healing (Babak ...

Genomics have allowed important advances in the knowledge of the etiology and pathogenesis of complex disease entities such as acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Genomic medicine aims to personalize and optimize diagnosis, prognosis and treatment by determining the influence of genetic polymorphisms in specific diseases. ...

We present a patient with post-pericardial injury syndrome (PPIS) that occurred after implantation of a continuous-flow left ventricular assistance device. Evidence supporting the diagnosis includes radiographic, electrocardiographic, and serologic markers. Recognition of this syndrome is important in this patient population to appropriately treat the patient as well as prevent unnecessary ...

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and acute lung injury (ALI) are characterized by excessive intra-alveolar fibrin deposition, driven, at least in part by inflammation. The imbalance between activation of coagulation and inhibition of fibrinolysis in patients with ALI/ARDS favors fibrin formation and appears to occur both systemically and in the ...

The Fenton's syndrome or scaphocapitate fracture syndrome has been described since 1950. This severe and uncommon injury occurs after a high-energy trauma of the wrist. This syndrome associated the fractures of the scaphoid and capitate, with a rotation of 90° or 180° of the proximal fragment of the capitate. The ...

Sepsis is the most common and severe cause of morbidity and mortality among critically ill patients. Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome often complicates sepsis, leading to a worse prognosis that is proportional to the severity and number of damaged organs. Acute kidney injury (AKI) also complicates sepsis, with a linear relationship ...

Critically ill patients are subject to several risk factors for organ injury: surgical intervention, trauma, rhabdomyolysis, hemodynamic instability, organ hypoperfusion, bacteremia and endotoxemia, sepsis and septic shock. These conditions may cause acute kidney injury (AKI), myocardial dysfunction, liver failure, coagulation abnormalities, acute lung injury (ALI), adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), ...

Peripheral compartment syndrome (PCS) has a complex etiology, with limited treatment options and high patient morbidity. Animal models of PCS have been hampered by differences in cross-species anatomy, physiology and the relative rarity of the naturally occurring syndrome in animals. In the present study, the combination of saline infusion with ...

Compartment syndrome involves the sustained elevation of interstitial tissue pressures within an osteofascial envelope to nonphysiologic levels. Tissue injury involves a spectrum from reversible to irreversible damage and, therefore, early recognition and treatment is critical for optimal outcomes. This article reviews the nature of upper extremity compartment syndrome; considers the ...

Levels of the soluble form of the receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE) are elevated during acute lung injury. However, it is not known whether this increase is linked to its involvement in alveolar epithelium injury or in systemic inflammation. Whether sRAGE is a marker of acute lung injury ...

The acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by rapid-onset, severe lung inflammation with massive influx of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) into the lungs and injury to the alveolar capillary barrier and is associated with a high mortality rate. There is mounting evidence that matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) contribute to the pathogenesis ...

Support for Acute Lung Injury (ALI) and Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) in many ways represents the summation of all intensive care unit nutrition modalities. Basic tenets of management are based on those established for the general population of mechanically ventilated patients. As a marker of critical illness however, patients ...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of Horner syndrome as an indicator of preganglionic injuries of the lower part of the brachial plexus. The study investigated 18 cases of children with perinatal brachial plexus injury and coexistent Horner syndrome. The following data sets were analyzed: ...

Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are severe inflammatory lung diseases associated with very high mortality, and are the most common and earliest organ dysfunctions in the development of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. The NIH estimates that more than 4.5 million people suffer from ALI/ARDS per ...

OBJECTIVE: To assess the feasibility of ultrasound-guided surgery for carpal tunnel syndrome. METHOD: We first studied the ultrasound and anatomic findings in 30 cadaver wrists to determine the best surgical approach and the best plane for releasing the flexor retinaculum. We then used 104 cadaver wrists to assess the feasibility ...

Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS), a condition associated with mutations in the PHOX2B gene, is characterized by loss of breathing drive during sleep, insensitivity to CO(2) and O(2), and multiple somatomotor, autonomic, neuropsychological, and ophthalmologic deficits, including impaired intrinsic and extrinsic eye muscle control. Brain structural studies show injury in ...

Antiphospholipid syndrome is characterized by thrombosis, recurrent fetal loss, and the presence of the lupus anticoagulant, anticardiolipin antibodies, or anti-β(2)-glycoprotein-1 (anti-β(2)-GP1) antibodies. Although anti-β(2)-GP1 antibodies have been documented as a biomarker for diagnosis of antiphospholipid syndrome, their direct role in the pathogenesis of thrombosis is unknown. We have demonstrated using ...

Background  The prevalence, phenomenology aetiology and correlates of four forms of challenging behaviour in 32 children and adults with Smith-Magenis syndrome (SMS) were investigated. Methods  Cognitive assessments, questionnaires and semi-structured interviews were used to gather data on intellectual disability, verbal and physical aggression, destructive behaviour and self-injury and on characteristics ...

Objective: This study aims to investigate the epidemiology, clinical and histological features, and prognosis of acute kidney injury (AKI) according to RIFLE classification in adult patients with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. Methods: In this retrospective study, 277 patients with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome were reviewed from June 2005 to June 2009. Results: ...

Startle refers to a sudden involuntary movement of the body in response to a surprising and unexpected stimulus. It is a fast twitch of facial and body muscles evoked by a sudden and intense tactile, visual, or acoustic stimulus. While startle can be considered to be a protective function against ...

The "Cardio-Renal Syndrome" (CRS) is a disorder of the heart and kidneys whereby acute or chronic dysfunction in one organ may induce acute or chronic dysfunction of the other. The general definition has been expanded to five subtypes reflecting the primacy of organ dysfunction and the time-frame of the syndrome: ...

Internal carotid artery (ICA) agenesis is a rare developmental anomaly and is most frequently asymptomatic, but it may also present as cerebrovascular accidents. The association with Horner's syndrome is exceptional. We present three cases of agenesis of ICA associated with Horner's syndrome and hypochromia iridum presenting as focal neurological symptoms. ...

Fat embolism syndrome with respiratory failure after intramedullary nailing of a femur fracture is a rare but serious complication in trauma patients. We present the case of a 20-year-old Caucasian man who experienced paradoxical cerebral fat embolism syndrome with fulminant progression after intramedullary nailing of a femur fracture, in conjunction ...

Overuse and acute injuries to the upper body are common in rock climbing. Such injuries primarily affect the fingers; but shoulder problems are increasingly common, especially among more experienced and older climbers who climb at a high ability level. Such shoulder problems are often due to subacromial impingement, shoulder dislocations ...

Complete history and physical examinations are very important in patients with a vascular anomaly. This brief report highlights the case of a five-year-old male who presented with recurrent arteriovenous malformations of the hand and forearm. The patient also demonstrated additional clinical and diagnostic imaging features consistent with a PTEN Hamartoma-Tumor ...

Patients are at risk for several types of lung injury in the perioperative period including atelectasis, pneumonia, pneumothorax, acute lung injury, and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Anaesthetic management can cause, exacerbate, or ameliorate these injuries. This review examines the effects of perioperative mechanical ventilation and its role in ventilator-induced lung ...

Acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) is a syndrome characterized by pulmonary edema and acute inflammation. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a major component in Gram-negative bacteria, has been used to induce ALI/ARDS. LPS-induced animal models highlight ways to explore mechanisms of multiple diseases and provide useful information on the discovery of ...

The worldwide 2009-2010 pandemic of novel H1N1 influenza reminds us that influenza can still be a lethal disease. Acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) have been the most devastating complications of this pathogen. We present a case of a previously healthy 40-year-old obese man who succumbed to ...