Tall fescue ( Festuca arundinacea Schreb .), a well adapted perennial grass grown in the transition zone of the U.S., frequently produces toxic symptoms and(or) reduced animal performance. Specific syndromes associated with tall fescue include fescue foot, summer syndrome and fat necrosis. Summer syndrome is related to high environmental temperatures ...

A case of toxic shock syndrome presenting with macular erythema and subepidermal bullae is described. The patient meets the Centers for Disease Control criteria for toxic shock syndrome. A biopsy of the bullae and macular erythema revealed, respectively, subepidermal bullae and superficial perivascular infiltration. This case demonstrates the potential difficulty ...

Five cases of the phenytoin syndrome are reviewed here. This hypersensitivity reaction is characterized by fever, eruption, lymphadenopathy, and hepatitis. Anemia, pharyngitis, diarrhea, and nephritis may also be associated. The skin eruption is pleomorphic, presenting as morbilliform eruptions, follicular papules and pustules, erythroderma, or toxic epidermal necrolysis. The management of ...

A case is reported of a 13-year-old girl who had an illness initially thought to be toxic shock syndrome but subsequently noted to be a toxic reaction to the anticonvulsant, carbamazepine. The patient was never hypotensive but she was febrile and had a desquamative rash and involvement of three organ ...

Solanine is a toxic glycoalkaloid known to accumulate under certain conditions in potato plant, sprouts and tuber in levels which, if ingested, may cause poisoning in humans and farm animals. However, ingested solanine is relatively less toxic than the parenterally administered compound, probably because of its poor absorption, rapid excretion ...

Status of thiamin in the elderly North American population is reviewed. Most Americans eat sufficient thiamin but about 5% of those over 60 yr old show impaired thiamin status. This is more marked in the poor, those confined in institutions, or those with illness. Thiamin responsive heart disease and Wernicke ...

Ammoniation was proved to be a suitable detoxification procedure to remove toxicity of Aspergillus ochraceus mycotoxins (mainly ochratoxin A) from contaminated cereal grain (corn, wheat and barley). It was found that ammoniation should be performed to achieve decomposition of ochratoxin A to nondetectable level. Ammoniated grain can be used as ...

3-[2-[4-(2-Methylphenyl)-1-piperazinyl]ethyl]-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine HCl (dapiprazole is a new compound endowed with a unique psychopharmacological profile. It inhibits amphetamine toxicity in grouped mice, and alcohol and morphine withdrawal syndromes, whereas it is almost inactive in the screening models for neuroleptics relying on dopaminergic activity. It also produces sedation, blocks conditioned avoidance reflex, reduces ...

A young adult female patient, on prolonged corticosteroid therapy for nephrotic syndrome, developed erythema multiforme and toxic epidermal necrolysis following a double exposure to a locally applied perfume. We believe that this route of exposure should be re-emphasized. Toxic epidermal necrolysis, or the scalded skin syndrome, has become a well-recognized ...

In order to investigate the combined use of radioprotective and radiosensitizing chemicals we have used WR--2721 and misonidazole to study their combined chemical toxicity and radiomodifying effects in our model using the oral radiation death (ORD) syndrome as the endpoint. Our data demonstrate that WR-2721 does protect against the ORD ...

Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is a severe cutaneous reaction that most commonly is related to drug exposure and that clinically can be confused with other bullous dermatoses, particularly staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS) and erythema multiforme major (the Stevens-Johnson syndrome). We report the first case, to our knowledge, of TEN ...

In the past four months a new syndrome has caused more than 100 deaths in Spain. The most striking feature is a toxic-allergic pneumonopathy with respiratory distress and radiological evidence of interstitial (occasionally alveolar) exudation. Other features are fever, headache, nausea, muscular and abdominal pains, rash, hepatosplenomegaly, and eosinophilia; later, ...

Werner's syndrome is often regarded as a segmental progeroid syndrome. It has been suggested that free radical damage involving oxygen contributes to aging. Furthermore, lymphocytes from Werner's syndrome patients show in vitro increased chromosome breakage and are protected by exogenous superoxide dismutase and catalase. We prepared erythrocytes and lymphocytes from ...

A retrospective study of cases of bovine lupinosis submitted to this laboratory, and a trial in which 3 cows, 3 steers and 3 heifers were grazed together on toxic lupin stubbles, were carried out to determine further knowledge of this disease. It was found that what is presently recognised as ...

Exertional neck tightness developed 6 months following a myocardial infarction that was complicated by Dressler's syndrome. The patient's symptoms were initially interpreted as angina pectoris but did not respond to antianginal therapy. Findings at cardiac catheterization were indicative of constructive pericarditis. The diagnosis was confirmed at pericardiectomy and the symptoms ...

The intravenous toxicity to the rat of 36 pyrethroids has been examined. With two exceptions they cause either (1) T-syndrome, consisting of aggressive sparring, sensitivity to external stimuli, fine progressing to gross whole body tremor and prostration or (2) CS-syndrome, consisting of pawing and burrowing behaviour, salivation, coarse tremor, progressing ...

Intracerebroventricular (ICV) injections of sulfated C-terminal 7-peptide of cholecystokinin and its N-tert-butyloxycarbonyl-protected analog elicited rotational behavior (barrel rotations), accompanied by a distorted head and body position, lack of spontaneous motor activity other than rotations, characteristic limb flexion and extension and loss of some reflexes. When the unsulfated 7-peptide was ICV ...

The coexistence of subacute pericardial effusion and epicardial constriction produces a clinical state, subacute effusive constrictive epicarditis, which resembles pericardial effusion with tamponade. However, pericardiocentesis results in only partial and temporary relief, a feature which is of importance in diagnosis. This syndrome was seen in five patients all of whom ...

A 42-year-old woman had dysentery caused by the Shiga bacillus, Shigella dysenteriae type 1, while taking diphenoxylate with atropine during and after her return from a trip to Mexico. Although she was treated with appropriate antibiotics, she suffered a prolonged and toxic acute course followed by intermittent bouts of diarrhea ...

Fungal isolates from legumes were cultured on rice and examined for production of the toxic mold metabolites xanthomegnin and viomellein. Six of 14 Aspergillus ochraceus isolates produced from 0.3 to 1.3 mg of xanthomegnin per g and 0.1 to 1.0 mg of viomellein per g. One of nine isolates of ...

An infant with diarrhea, failure to thrive, and a seborrhea-like skin eruption was thought to have fatal familial Leiner's syndrome. Treatment with nonirradiated plasma was followed by graft-vs-host disease and fatal toxic epidermal necrolysis; thymic hypoplasia was found at autopsy. Accurate diagnosis of immunodeficiency syndromes is essential to avoid potentially ...

An attempt is made ot provide a description and a biological foundation of the amotivational syndrome as a part of the schizophrenic impairment. The role of a reward system, brain stem arousal, and cortical facilitation is discussed as a neurophysiological support for self and species preservation functions, goal directed behavior ...

Epichloë typhina, a clavicipitaceous systemic phytopathogen, was isolated from two varieties and three hybrids of tall fescue (Festuca arundinaceae). The morphology of the fescue isolates was compared with E. typhina isolated from bent grass (Agrostis perennans). In all isolates, conidia were identical and were typical of E. typhina. In fescue ...

In a patient with elevated manganese levels, dementia, and an extrapyramidal syndrome, brain biopsy showed numerous neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles typical of Alzheimer's disease. Manganese was elevated beyond toxic levels in serum, hair, urine, feces, and brain. The possible relationship of elevated manganese levels, dementia, and the extrapyramidal syndrome ...

Caffeinism is a syndrome resulting from the excessive ingestion of caffeine and characterized primarily by cardiovascular and central nervous system manifestations. A variety of tachyarrhythmias and extrasystoles are believed to reflect the toxic, cardiotonic effects of caffeine. A case of paroxysmal atrial tachycardia (PAT) related to caffeine abuse is PAT. ...

Endolymphatic hydrops of the nonprogressive type occurs in response to a single traumatic or toxic insult of limited duration and although it may result in permanent deficits in sensorineural function, there is total subsidence of vestibular symptoms. Endolymphatic hydrops of the progressive type, on the other hand, appears to be ...

The Presuicidal Syndrome, first described in 1958, relates to that specific psychic state of mind that leads to suicidal acts. It is an alarm signal indicating a tendency to suicide. The Presuicidal Syndrome has three principal components: constriction; inhibited aggression turned toward the self; and suicidal fantasies. The clinical details ...

Fusarium, a fungus, produces a potent mycotoxin that, when ingested with contaminated cereal grains, produces a serious illness in man called alimentary toxic aleukia (USSR) and Akakabi-byo (Japan). The illness includes gastrointestinal symptoms and weakness and if ingestion of Fusarium contaminated grain persists, culminates in aplastic anemia. A 66-year-old woman ...

We reviewed the use of physostigmine in the diagnosis and management of acute toxic psychosis due to drugs with anticholinergic properties. The syndrome of agitation and toxic confusional psychosis associated with peripheral signs of cholinergic blockade is produced by several plant toxins, antispasmodics, ophthalmic preparations, and certain proprietary sedatives, as ...

A toxic syndrome characterized by fever, headache, and vomiting, lasting 2-5 days, occurred in 61% of 39 children with acute leukemia in complete remission, receiving central nervous system prophylaxis with intrathecal methotrexate, and in 14% of 34 children receiving the same plus cranial radiation. The syndrome was accompanied by pleocytosis ...

The authors investigated the ultrastructure of the epidermis of two children who suffered from the staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (or the Ritter's type of toxic epidermal necrolysis). This syndrome is attributed to the action of an exfoliative toxin produced by Staphylococcus aureus phage group II. A characteristic bullous cleavage was ...

A country patient on home haemodialysis suffered acute nausea, vomiting, and fever during dialyses when she used water stored in a galvanized tank. She subsequently was found to have severe anaemia with raised plasma and erythrocyte zinc concentrations. Intercurrent hospital haemodialyses and subsequent home dialyses with deionized water were symptom-free.Experimental ...

Galactose-fed chicks have been found to develop severe hyperosmolar dehydration. Although biochemical abnormalities have been observed in the brain of the galactose-toxic chick, the observed physiologic alteration of serum osmolality could be the major factor responsible for the galactose toxicity syndrome in the chick.

Toxic epidermal necrolysis is a condition that may occur in all age groups and resembles skin scalding. It presents as a generalized, markedly tender erythema and rapidly progresses to bullous desquamation of the superficial epidermal layers and systemic toxicity.The condition was first described in 1956. A review of the recent ...

Intragastric administration of barium sulfate to albino rats did not produce deaths until the dose reached 25% to 40% of body weight. Death was due to stomach rupture or to bowel obstruction followed by gastrointestinal hemorrhage and generalized arteriovenous thromboses which produced further toxic changes in many body organs. Barium ...

A crude filtrate from a culture of Clostridium perfringens, type A, was fractionated by a heavy metal-alcohol technique, and some degree of concentration of biologically active factors was achieved. Both the crude material and the fractions obtained were characterized in terms of their alpha toxin, theta toxin, hyaluronidase, and collagenase ...