Although blood maintains a fluid state under physiologic conditions, clot formation is an immediate response to injury. The immediacy of the response is accomplished by the continuous circulation of hemostatic factors as zymogens, inactive precursors, and by the sequestration of active factors by the vessel wall, accessible only when vascular ...

A 34-year-old Nigerian man presented with nephrotic syndrome. Renal biopsy revealed chronic membranous glomerulopathy with focal segmental sclerosis. Blood Giemsa smear contained rare Plasmodium sp. trophozoites and small subunit ribosomal RNA polymerase chain reaction amplification confirmed the presence of Plasmodium malariae. This case highlights the importance of obtaining even remote ...

Given the significant disease burden of tuberculosis (TB) and TB/HIV co-infection in South Africa, disseminated TB and tuberculous lymphadenitis are common and important causes of morbidity. Despite this relationship, Horner's syndrome secondary to tuberculous lymph node compression of sympathetic nerves is rare.

Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) is a paradoxical deterioration in the clinical status of a patient infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) on highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART). The immune suppression caused by the virus can initially suppress the clinical manifestations of leprosy which can then be unmasked after treatment ...

Purpose. Intraoperative floppy iris syndrome (IFIS) has been strongly associated with intake of selective a1 adrenergic blockers, particularly tamsulosin. Intraoperative floppy iris syndrome has also been linked to the use of other drugs with some a antagonist activity. Methods. We identified patients on long-term treatment with the antipsychotic agent risperidone ...

To visualize the changes of the iris contour in patients with pigment dispersion syndrome after blinking, accommodation, and pharmacologic miosis using anterior segment optical coherence tomography. Observational case series. A total of 33 eyes of 20 patients with pigment dispersion syndrome. Each eye was imaged along the horizontal 0- to ...

The origin of Chronic airflow obstruction (CAO) syndrome in active Tuberculosis (TB), despite significant similarities with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), still remains unknown. The aim of the study was to examine the potential causes and risks for the development of CAO syndrome in new cases of pulmonary TB. Prospective, ...

Three cats were evaluated at a veterinary teaching hospital for congestive heart failure (CHF) secondary to hyperviscosity syndrome from plasma cell neoplasia. All cats had severe hyperproteinemia due to hyperglobulinemia. Multiple myeloma or plasma cell neoplasia was diagnosed based on cytopathology and post mortem examination. The cats presented with signs ...

To examine whether concentrations of several trace elements and activities of several antioxidant enzymes are modified in metabolic syndrome, and to evaluate their possible association with metabolic syndrome components. Additionally, concentration of CRP, as a marker of inflammation, was measured. Cross-sectional study. The study group consisted of 100 subjects, aged ...

The case presented is that of a 22-year-old male with Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome who was referred with glaucoma refractory to medical treatment. Six other patients have been described with Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS) and glaucoma, most being congenital glaucoma with diagnosis in infancy. We describe the first case of juvenile onset glaucoma ...

One of the common features of hypothyroidism is weight gain or failure to lose weight. Bradycardia and mild hypertension can be seen as well. Impact of thyroid hormone deficiency on glucose and insulin metabolism is not fully understood. Thyroid hormones play a role in lipid synthesis, metabolism and mobilization. Metabolic ...

Pseudoexfoliation (PEX) syndrome, which is an age-related, generalized elastotic matrix process, currently represents the most common identifiable risk factor for open-angle glaucoma. Dysregulated expression of proinflammatory cytokines has been implicated in the initiation of various fibrotic disorders and in the pathophysiology of glaucoma. Here we investigated the presence, expression, regulation, ...

We report a case of toxic anterior segment syndrome (TASS) that developed after cataract surgery. A 78-year-old woman had uneventful phacoemulsification via a clear corneal incision with implantation of an acrylic intraocular lens. One day postoperatively, diffuse corneal edema and anterior chamber inflammation were evident. Topical antibiotic and steroid eyedrops ...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To discuss the preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative considerations and techniques for cataract surgery in pseudoexfoliation syndrome. RECENT FINDINGS: Pseudoexfoliation syndrome is a common disorder worldwide that has been linked to the lysyl oxidase-like-one (LOXL1) gene. Its identification in patients undergoing cataract surgery has become important in preventing ...

We describe the case of a 78-year-old highly myopic woman who had bilateral phacoemulsification with posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation. During surgery, the anterior chamber was extremely deep and the pupil was excessively dilated, consistent with lens-iris diaphragm retropulsion syndrome (LIDRS). Subsequent biomicroscopy revealed multifocal iris sphincter ruptures, a new ...

Bacterial septic peritonitis is a serious condition that requires immediate treatment. The pathogenesis is complex, and the list of diagnostic differentials is extensive. The keys to successful treatment are early recognition of the condition and elimination of the causative organism. Multiple options for draining the peritoneal cavity exist, and further ...

Ocular abnormalities are common in Patau syndrome (trisomy 13), but only a few cases with congenital glaucoma have been reported, some of which were associated with other ocular defects. This report describes a case of primary congenital glaucoma in an 11-year-old patient with full trisomy 13.

POEMS syndrome, also known as Crow-Fukase syndrome, represents a rare multisystem syndrome characterized by polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, M protein, and skin changes. Hypothyroidism is one of the common endocrine abnormalities which are central features of POEMS syndrome. The clinical data associated with the measurement of thyroid function and its clinical ...

Tamsulosin is an alpha(1)-adrenergic antagonist known to be linked with intraoperative floppy-iris syndrome (IFIS), which is characterized by iris atonicity and a propensity toward progressive intraoperative pupil constriction and iris prolapse. We present 2 strategies for managing IFIS-associated iris prolapse. Placement of a single subincisional iris retractor following reposition of ...

A clinical syndrome comprising the formation of thin-walled cysts within the posterior chamber, proteinaceous exudation, and pigment dispersion, which typically culminates in glaucoma is recognized in the Golden Retriever breed. Although not uncommon, this syndrome has been relatively infrequently documented in the literature, particularly from a histological standpoint. Fifteen globes ...

Some distinct findings of a patient with Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome from the anterior chamber angle images by high-resolution anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) are described. The typical anterior segment anomalies of Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome, including iris atrophy, posterior embryotoxon, peripheral bridging tissue bands, trabecular meshwork elongation, and high insertion of the ...

Intraoperative floppy iris syndrome (IFIS) during cataract surgery is characterized by iris fluttering, iris prolapse towards the incisions, and a progressive pupillary constriction leading to high rates of complications. The syndrome has been reported following the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia with α-1(a) adrenergic receptor inhibitors, especially tamsulosin. The present ...

This report describes for the first time the association of Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) and hypothyroidism in a 25 weeks preterm neonate. Antenatal diagnosis of exomphalos in association with postnatal transient hypoglycemia and macroglossia formed the basis of the diagnosis of BWS. Primary hypothyroidism was detected on routine Guthrie card examination. ...

We report a girl with Down syndrome who was diagnosed with congenital hypothyroidism in the newborn period due to left thyroid hemiagenesis. Unexpectedly, her hypothyroidism resolved at the age of 3 years. After being off thyroid hormone replacement for 7 years and having normal thyroid function, she developed Graves' disease. ...

We describe the occurrence of bilateral iridocorneal endothelial (ICE) syndrome with glaucoma in a young girl with Down′s syndrome. A 16-year-old girl with Down′s syndrome was found to have secondary glaucoma in the right eye with features of progressive iris atrophy in both eyes. She was uncontrolled on maximum tolerable ...

Exfoliation syndrome (XFS) is an age-related, generalized disorder of the extracellular matrix characterized by the production and progressive accumulation of a fibrillar extracellular material in many ocular tissues and is the most common identifiable cause of open-angle glaucoma worldwide. Exfoliation syndrome plays an etiologic role in open-angle glaucoma, angle-closure glaucoma, ...

We describe the occurrence of bilateral iridocorneal endothelial (ICE) syndrome with glaucoma in a young girl with Down's syndrome. A 16-year-old girl with Down's syndrome was found to have secondary glaucoma in the right eye with features of progressive iris atrophy in both eyes. She was uncontrolled on maximum tolerable ...

Exfoliation syndrome (XFS) is an age-related, generalized disorder of the extracellular matrix characterized by the production and progressive accumulation of a fibrillar extracellular material in many ocular tissues and is the most common identifiable cause of open-angle glaucoma worldwide. Exfoliation syndrome plays an etiologic role in open-angle glaucoma, angle-closure glaucoma, ...

Intraoperative floppy-iris syndrome (IFIS) is associated with the use of systemic alpha(1)-antagonists, and tamsulosin in particular. The incidence and severity of IFIS are variable; however, the syndrome is associated with a higher rate of cataract surgical complications, especially when the condition is not recognized or anticipated. Questioning cataract patients preoperatively ...

We describe a patient with the clinical spectrum of Young-Simpson syndrome. This rare genetic disorder is characterized by congenital hypothyroidism, mental retardation and blepharophimosis. Young-Simpson syndrome is, at present, poorly known to endocrinologists and pediatricians, and should be included in the differential diagnosis of congenital hypothyroidism. It is important to ...

Pigment or melanin dispersion syndrome is characterized by radial iris transillumination defects, retrocorneal Krukenberg spindle, and dense trabecular pigmentation. Reverse pupillary block has been presumed as one possible pathogenetic mechanism for backward bowing of the iris leading to iris-zonular rubbing and distribution of melanin granules in the anterior chamber. Laser ...

Pseudoexfoliation (PEX) syndrome is a generalized disease of the extracellular matrix and a major cause of severe open-angle glaucoma. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in exon 1 of the lysyl oxidase-like 1 (LOXL1) gene have been recently identified as strong genetic risk factors for both PEX syndrome and PEX glaucoma. LOXL1 ...

PURPOSE: To study the ocular phenotype of Pierson syndrome and to increase awareness among ophthalmologists of the diagnostic features of this condition. DESIGN: Retrospective, observational case series. METHODS: A multicenter study of 17 patients with molecularly confirmed Pierson syndrome. The eye findings were reviewed and compared to pertinent findings from ...

This interventional case report presents an anterior chamber intraocular lens (AC-IOL) translocation technique to manage a case of uveitis-glaucoma-hyphema (UGH) syndrome associated with posterior dislocation of nuclear fragments and vitreitis as a consequence of capsule rupture during cataract surgery. Pars plana vitrectomy followed by an AC-IOL translocation from the anterior ...

We present six patients with typical Hallermann-Streiff syndrome. All have microphthalmia and were operated for congenital cataract. Three of the patients developed a severe glaucoma and one patient presented repeated uveal effusions. Five of our patients have the same pattern of corneal stromal opacities. The opacities are ill defined and ...

The aim is to present the phacoemulsification phaco-chop technique in a patient with pseudoexfoliation (PEX) syndrome without the use of additional pupil dilatation methods. Phacoemulsification surgery and posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation in patients with PEX syndrome is associated with a higher rate of intraoperative complications such as zonular dehiscence, ...

Opitz syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of cholesterol metabolism associated with mental retardation and multiple congenital malformations. It is also uncommonly associated with congenital glaucoma. We describe the orbital findings on CT in this rare case of a patient with Opitz syndrome who presented with congenital glaucoma, with ...

Although hypothyroid myopathy is seen frequently and the relationship with autoimmune hypothyroidism and myasthenia gravis is well known, specific forms of hypothyroid myopathy such as Hoffman's syndrome (HS) are rarely described. Here we describe a 40-year-old patient with Hashimoto thyroiditis showing symptoms and signs of two discrete forms of hypothyroid ...

We report on two patients with severe Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome who acutely developed postnatal cataracts. These postnatal cataracts appear to be due to a different pathological mechanism and have a different clinical course than the typical congenital cataracts that occur in SLOS. The rapid development of these cataracts suggests that dysfunction ...

BACKGROUND: Pseudoexfoliation syndrome is a major risk factor for glaucoma in many populations throughout the world. Using a U.S. clinic-based case control sample with broad ethnic diversity, we show that three common SNPs in LOXL1 previously associated with pseudoexfoliation in Nordic populations are significantly associated with pseudoexfoliation syndrome and pseudoexfoliation ...

ABSTRACT: Anterior segment dysgenesis is a failure of normal development of the anterior segment of the eye. The structural anomalies are associated with glaucoma and corneal opacity which may lead to blindness. A Caucasian male was noted to have 'funny pupils' at the age of seven years but not followed ...

INTRODUCTION: An "overlap syndrome" is defined as the sequential appearance over time of two or more risk factors for glaucomatous damage. The appearance of a new risk factor can alter the course and prognosis of previously stable disease. Exfoliation syndrome is a leading cause of glaucoma and is associated with ...

PURPOSE: To report a case of Alport syndrome with recurrent herpes simplex virus (HSV) keratitis. METHODS: Case report and review of the literature. RESULTS: A 29-year-old man with Alport syndrome suffered from 4 consecutive episodes of HSV keratitis within 2 years. A type IV collagen defect in basement membranes plays ...

Capsular block syndrome (CBS) or capsular bag distension syndrome is characterized by distension of the capsular bag after uneventful phacoemulsification and endocapsular intraocular lens implantation. The syndrome has also been reported after extracapsular cataract extraction and intraocular lens placed in the sulcus. We report the anterior segment optical coherence tomographic ...

Albright"s hereditary osteodystrophy (AHO) is a complex genetic disorder characterized by brachydactyly, gonadotropin resistance, hypothyroidism, pseudohypoparathyroid syndrome and heterotopic ossification. Heterotopic ossification rarely occurs in the maxillofacial region. In this article, we present such a case, describe the etiology, characteristics and treatment of AHO and suggest a potential role of ...

SAPHO syndrome is a rare entity that compromises the skeletal system (arthritis-osteitis) and is associated with various dermatological conditions such as palmoplantaris pustulosis (PPP) and acne. We present the case of a 39-year-old man with invalidating arthritis derived from a SAPHO syndrome and hypothyroidism (after radioiodine treatment for a Graves' ...

Angelman Syndrome (AS, MIM 105830), classified among neurogenetic disorders, occurs with estimated frequency of 1:10 000 to 1:40 000. The characteristics features apart from neurodevelopmental impairment and seizures include peculiar face traits, absent speech, outburst of laughter, ataxia, stereotyped jerky (puppet-like) movements. The authors report three children with Angelman syndrome ...

We describe a postoperative finding discovered before surgery in the second eye of a patient who had intraoperative floppy-iris syndrome (IFIS). Recognizing the risk for IFIS is important to anticipate and manage the syndrome and ensure successful cataract surgery. Obtaining the right information about the past and present intake of ...

PURPOSE: To determine the presence of pseudoexfoliative material in the unaffected eyes of patients with clinically unilateral pseudoexfoliation syndrome. DESIGN: Prospective observational case series. PARTICIPANTS: Thirty-two consecutive patients with clinically unilateral pseudoexfoliation syndrome, undergoing routine cataract surgery. METHODS: Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to examine conjunctival and anterior lens ...

We describe a case of pigmentary dispersion syndrome resulting from secondary piggyback implantation of a 3-piece hydrophobic acrylic squared-edged intraocular lens (IOL) in the ciliary sulcus. The intraocular pressure remained elevated despite pharmacological treatment, with a heavily pigmented trabecular meshwork. The piggyback IOL was subsequently explanted and replaced by a ...