Compartment syndrome can be difficult to diagnose in a child, with delays in diagnosis leading to disastrous outcomes. Thirty-six cases of compartment syndrome in 33 pediatric patients were treated at the authors' institution from January 1, 1992, to December 31, 1997. There were 27 boys and 6 girls, with nearly ...

There have been recent reports of acute compartment syndrome secondary to suction injuries of the hands of children. We report the case of a 68-year-old patient who developed an acute compartment syndrome of the forearm after his arm had been sucked into an exhaust port. He was treated by emergency ...

BACKGROUND: Incontinence is the most common urological symptom of tethered cord syndrome and may present as the earliest sign of this condition. The presence of unexplained incontinence with spinal anomalies, low back and leg symptoms, should raise the suspicion of tethered cord syndrome and lead to a lumbar MRI study, ...

Single or double-level compression of the lumbosacral nerve roots located in the dural sac results in a polyradicular symptomatology clinically diagnosed as cauda equina syndrome. The cauda equina nerve roots provide the sensory and motor innervation of most of the lower extremities, the pelvic floor and the sphincters. Therefore, in ...

The authors report a case of tethered cord syndrome preceding the development of a syrinx, which subsequently resolved with detethering. This was shown conclusively with serial radiological imaging, although the patient did not improve clinically. The lack of clinical improvement is likely to be due to the delay in surgery ...

The abdominal compartment syndrome is an increasingly recognized complication of both medical and surgical patients in the ICU setting. This syndrome has been described in a wide variety of clinical scenarios and results from a persistent elevation in intra-abdominal pressure characterized by graded organ system dysfunction. Manifestations of abdominal compartment ...

SUMMARY: A retrospective review of 16 patients with floating elbow injuries over a 9-year period at a tertiary care children's hospital confirms that these injuries are associated with substantial swelling and the potential to develop compartment syndrome, particularly when circumferential cast immobilization is used. Among 10 patients in whom the ...

We describe two patients who developed gluteal compartment syndrome after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) carried out under epidural analgesic infusion and light sedation. To our knowledge, this occurrence has not been described previously after TKA.

Summary: We describe a rare case of multiple arteriovenous fistulae of the spinal cord (SCAVF) in the same myelomer in a five-year-old boy. This case report consists of a trifocal SCAVF at the Th12 myelomeric level without communication between the three different fistulae. Two AVF were located posteriorly, bilateraly, in ...

We describe a case of apnea during spinal anesthesia in an unsedated patient with central sleep apnea syndrome. When spinal anesthesia is planned for a patient who is suspected of having this syndrome, apnea may be induced, even if no sedative was administered and the level of anesthesia is only ...

Reperfusion syndrome refers to the damage done by restoration of blood flow to ischemic tissues and is distinct from the original ischemic insult itself, whereas compartment syndrome refers to the damage resulting from increased pressure within an enclosed fascial compartment that occurs after blood flow has been restored. Despite extensive ...

We report a case of a 12-year-old boy with acute compartment syndrome of the foot following a road-traffic accident. Due to the rarity of the injury, there was a delay in diagnosing the injury. An emergency fasciotomy was performed 19 hours after the injury. The foot healed with a mild ...

A 14 year-old boy with an epiphyseal fracture of the distal right tibia and fibula developed compartment syndrome of the calf and foot. The diagnosis of compartment syndrome was delayed and a fasciotomy resulted in uncontrolled infection, which ultimately resulted in an above knee amputation. Constant vigilance is necessary in ...

The causes of exertional leg pain are not always easily determined but are often linked to repetitive stress. Medial tibial stress syndrome or periostitis, tibial stress fractures, deep posterior compartment syndrome, exertional compartment syndrome, fascial hernias, peripheral neuropathy, and blood vessel entrapments have characteristic signs and symptoms. A complete history ...

OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate the importance of clinical examination and continued vigilance for neurologic deterioration in patients with sciatica. Cauda equina syndrome, a rare sequela of sciatica, is considered a medical emergency requiring surgical decompression. Clinical Features: A 32-year-old woman had sciatica that rapidly progressed to cauda equina syndrome. Magnetic resonance ...

Autonomic dysreflexia is a syndrome of massive imbalance of reflex sympathetic discharge occurring in patients with spinal cord injury with a lesion above the splanchnic outflow (Thoracic 6). Autonomic dysreflexia is characterized by a sudden and severe rise in blood pressure and is potentially life threatening. Because the onset of ...

BACKGROUND: Compartment syndrome is a condition in which increased tissue pressure within a limited tissue space compromises the circulation and function of the contents of the space. CASE: A 43-year-old black woman, para 3, had repair of a recurrent vesicovaginal fistula. She was placed in a low lithotomy position with ...

The hindfoot compartment syndrome occurs in 10% of cases after calcaneal fracture. We analyzed the pathological anatomical reasons for this syndrome using the 10 feet from cadavers plastinated and cut into 4-mm thick sequential sections. CT scans of patients with calcaneal fractures were then compared with the anatomical findings. The ...

Abdominal compartment syndrome is a well-described condition in which increased intra-abdominal pressure causes various physiologic derangements with adverse effects on cardiac, pulmonary, and renal function. A patient presented with radiation-induced distal colonic obstruction, abdominal distention, and severe bilateral leg edema. We performed a diverting transverse loop colostomy as treatment for ...

Compartment syndrome, if not identified and acted upon early, will result in irreversible damage to neuromuscular soft tissues. Therefore, orthopaedic nurses must be aware of the risks, signs and symptoms, unusual circumstances, and appropriate medical and nursing interventions with this syndrome. Usually compartment syndrome is considered to occur with fractures ...

There are only a few reported cases of compartment syndrome after an ankle fracture, and all have involved the deep posterior compartment. We present a case in which a patient had a Bosworth fracture-dislocation of the ankle, underwent open reduction internal fixation, and subsequently had an anterior compartment syndrome of ...

BACKGROUND: Lately renewed attention has been given to the abdominal compartment syndrome. Despite of this there still remain a lot of controversies with regard to the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying this syndrome and the therapeutic options. METHODS: Two cases of patients with this syndrome are described and the data from animal ...

Since the 1950s, chronic exertional compartment syndrome of the lower leg has been thoroughly reported in the literature. The predisposing factors and pathophysiology of this condition, however, still are not fully understood. We present a case of a well-conditioned individual who developed a chronic exertional compartment syndrome of the left ...

Acute exertional compartment syndrome is a rare condition, associated with strenuous, unaccustomed exercise. This report describes its onset in a professional footballer during a regular training session. It is often diagnosed late due to lack of awareness and patient stoicism. We illustrate the consequences of delay and reinforce the need ...

We report the management of the acquired claw-toe deformity in ten adults. Each patient developed a varying number of claw toes at a mean interval of six months after the time of injury. There was clinical evidence of an acute compartment syndrome in one case. The clawing occurred at the ...

A 5-year-old girl sought treatment for pyrexia of unknown origin. Despite prompt surgical drainage of a streptococcal septic arthritis of the ankle joint, her condition deteriorated. Multifocal pyomyositis was subsequently diagnosed. This was complicated by acute compartment syndrome in three extremities. With aggressive surgical and medical management, the child made ...

The diagnosis of anterior spinal artery syndrome can be made with high accuracy by thorough clinical examination in combination with typical magnetic resonance imaging findings. Sudden onset of tetra- or paraparesis and dissociated sensory loss with bladder dysfunction are the leading clinical signs. We discuss clinical and radiologic findings in ...

BACKGROUND: The effects of increased intra-abdominal pressure in various organ systems have been noted over the past century. The concept of abdominal compartment syndrome has gained more attention in both trauma and general surgery in the last decade. This article reviews the current understanding and management of intra-abdominal hypertension and ...

OBJECTIVE: Describe the unusual complication of lower extremity compartment syndrome occurring in an adolescent with spinal cord injury (SCI). METHODS: Case presentation. RESULTS: A 17-year-old male with C5 ASIA A complete SCI developed a compartment syndrome of his lower leg on the ninth day postinjury. Presenting signs included an equinus ...

Piglets born with spread-leg syndrome, a congenital weakness of the hindlimb adductors, were investigated to determine the site of lesion leading to limb impairment. Histological and immunohistochemical studies of the motor neuron unit showed no alterations but quantitative analysis revealed a reduction of axonal diameter and myelin sheath-thickness of the ...

A patient presented with a deep vein thrombosis (DVT), which resulted in a compartment syndrome of both the thigh and the calf. Subsequently, the patient was found to have haemoglobin SC disease. Prompt fasciotomies were performed; however, some muscle and nerve damage was later clinically apparent. This case highlights the ...

Gas production as a part of disk degeneration can occur, but it rarely causes clinical nerve compression syndromes. A rare case of gaseous degeneration in a prolapsed lumbar intervertebral disk causing acute cauda equina syndrome is described. Radiologic features and intraoperative findings are reported. A 78-year-old woman with severe lumbar ...

PURPOSE: The central cord syndrome reportedly has a favorable prognosis and rehabilitation outcome. However, to our knowledge the status of the lower urinary tract in patients with the central cord syndrome is unclear. We report on 22 men with the central cord syndrome who were evaluated by video urodynamics. MATERIALS ...

A young man was found to have multiple synostosis syndrome type I after presenting with a neck injury causing a cervical spinal cord contusion. Neurological symptoms and signs suggested spinal cord compression. Magnetic resonance (MR) and computerized tomography (CT) imaging of the spine showed spinal canal stenosis with cord compression ...

A case of a woman with arthrogryposis multiplex congenita presenting for elective caesarean section is reported. A combined spinal epidural anaesthetic technique was used. Aetiology and anaesthetic considerations for patients with arthrogryposis multiplex congenita are discussed. The importance of early referral to the anaesthetic team of patients with intercurrent disease ...

Exercise-induced leg pain may be triggered by abnormally high compartment pressure. In addition to the more widely publicized anterior compartment syndrome, the deep posterior compartment syndrome can just as frequently occur, resulting in severe pain and disability due to muscle and nerve ischemia. Obtaining a thorough history and compartmental pressure ...

A young adult male white Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris tigris) presented with hindlimb ataxia. Cervical and lumbar myelography revealed a compressive lesion of the cord at C(6-7). Corticosteroid therapy and confinement failed to provide lasting remission of signs. A modified, inverted cone ventral slot decompression was used to remove the ...

Although acute compartment syndrome is considered a surgical emergency, controversies exist regarding diagnosis, surgical indications, and techniques of management. Acute compartment syndrome is associated with numerous causes, including fractures, crush injuries, burns, soft tissue injuries, and vascular trauma. Prolonged positioning of an extremity has not been previously described as a ...

Acute traumatic compartment syndrome of the foot is a sequelae of serious injury to the foot, which, if unrecognized, may result in significant motor and sensory deficits, pain, stiffness, and deformity. It is nearly always associated with fractures, dislocations, and crush injuries to the foot. Vascular injuries and coagulopathic states ...

A case of acute compartment syndrome of the forefoot after revisional arthroplasty of the forefoot is presented. Shortening of the compartments due to bony resection and extensive dissection due to previous scarring may have predisposed to the pathological condition. Prompt decompression based on clinical grounds prevented any long term sequelae. ...

Ultrasonography (US) of the spinal cord is performed in newborns with signs of spinal disease (cutaneous lesions of the back, deformities of the spinal column, neurologic disturbances, suspected spinal cord injury due to traumatic birth, and syndromes with associated spinal cord compression). The examination is performed with high-frequency linear- and ...

The authors report a case of Currarino syndrome with anterior sacral meningocele, tethered cord, and anorectal stenosis that was treated by posterior sagittal approach. Initially, a diverting colostomy was performed. Two months later, excision of the meningocele, untethering of spinal cord, and anorectoplasty were performed simultaneously without complication. Posterior sagittal ...

This is a case of influenza A induced rhabdomyolysis resulting in extensive compartment syndrome and acute renal failure in a 10-year-old child. The patient required fasciotomies in all four extremities. Even after fasciotomies were performed, the muscle tissue continued to swell, suggesting a primary myositis. This case emphasizes the importance ...

A 13-year-old male with a history of chronic congenital megacolon presented to the emergency department with a 1-day history of increasing abdominal pain, distension, and emesis. The patient was admitted for bowel disimpaction and irrigation. The patient rapidly developed an acute abdominal compartment syndrome because of his massive colonic dilation. ...

BACKGROUND: A chronic exertional compartment syndrome has only been observed in athletes and soldiers. In the vast majority, the disease affects the anterior compartment and the fibular muscle group, and only rarely the lateral and dorsal muscle compartments. Muscle tissue necrosis does not occur. In the course of venous diseases ...

OBJECTIVE: To develop an objective and uniform means for classifying patients with incomplete spinal cord injury (SCI) according to SCI syndromes. DESIGN: Criteria for assigning the syndromes (defined by the International Standards for Neurological and Functional Classification of SCI Patients) were operationalized by means of sensory and motor scores and ...

Acute Extremity Compartment Syndrome is a disorder, which can cause loss of limb if left untreated. Compartment syndrome develops when pressures within the fascial compartments become elevated, resulting in decreased perfusion to muscles and nerves. Left untreated, tissue death occurs. Rapid identification of clinical signs can decrease severity of symptoms. ...

Although cervical disc herniation commonly requires surgical intervention, the intradural sequestration of a herniated cervical disc fragment is rare. In searching the world literature on this topic, the authors found six case reports. They report three new cases of intradural cervical disc herniation in which the patients presented with Brown-Séquard's ...

Compartment syndrome is well documented in the literature. Neoplasia as a cause is a rare. We report a patient with known metastatic malignant melanoma presenting with a compartment syndrome of the arm caused by a relatively slow growing, non-invasive metastatic deposit. This was excised and the patient made an uneventful ...

Chronic exertional compartment syndrome (CECS) in the lower leg has been described as early as 1956. This review describes the five relevant anatomical compartments and the important clinical features on presentation used in diagnosis. Compartment pressure testing using various types of catheter is useful as a confirmatory investigation. Although the ...