The increasing prevalence of obesity in children seems to be associated with an increased prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) in children. Possible pathophysiological mechanisms contributing to this association include the following: adenotonsillar hypertrophy due to increased somatic growth, increased critical airway closing pressure, altered chest wall mechanics, and ...

To reduce the care burden of dementia, identifying whether the combined effect of metabolic syndrome and epsilon4 increases the risk of cognitive decline needs to be determined. Using the Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument (CASI), 145 mentally healthy middle-aged and older adults were recruited to investigate the influence of metabolic syndrome ...

BACKGROUND: Adult survivors of childhood cancer have been reported to have an increased risk of late sequels. A cluster of abnormalities that contribute to the metabolic syndrome may be expressed at a higher level and therefore result in an increased risk for diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases. PATIENTS AND METHODS: ...

Leptin is mainly secreted from adipose tissue and is known to be associated with cardiovascular diseases. However, there are not many studies on the association between serum leptin and metabolic syndrome. The objective of this study was to determine the association between serum leptin and metabolic syndrome among the Korean ...

Evidence that the metabolic syndrome is a risk factor for poor cognition is mixed and is focused mainly on the elderly population; rarely is an adjustment made for socioeconomic factors. We examined this association in late midlife, with particular focus on cumulative effects and the role of socioeconomic circumstances. Analyses ...

Some studies suggest the presence of metabolic syndrome before adulthood may identify those at high risk for later cardiovascular morbidity, but there are few data examining the reliability of pediatric metabolic syndrome. To examine the short- and long-term stability of pediatric metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome was defined as having at ...

11Beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11beta-HSD) enzymes are now appreciated to be important regulators of hormone action at a tissue level. 11Beta-HSD1 is widely expressed and increases glucocorticoid action through its unique ability to convert inactive glucocorticoids (cortisone in man, 11-dehydrocorticosterone in rodents) to their active forms (cortisol and corticosterone, respectively). The enzyme ...

This study aimed to investigate the association of intraocular pressure (IOP) with the metabolic syndrome and other emerging cardiometabolic risk factors. A total of 1112 participants undergoing a health check-up in a community hospital were recruited. All participants underwent ophthalmological examination including IOP measurement. Participants with metabolic syndrome had significantly ...

Growing evidence shows that high levels of justice are beneficial for employee health, although biological mechanisms underlying this association are yet to be clarified. We aim to test whether high justice at work protects against metabolic syndrome. A prospective cohort study of 20 civil service departments in London (the Whitehall ...

The presence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its individual components is related to an increased IMT. MetS and increasing numbers of individual MetS components predicted future progression of IMT. Improvement of MetS was related to smaller increases in IMT, especially in females. These findings may suggest a benefit of intervention ...

BACKGROUND: Metabolic syndrome is becoming a common disorder worldwide. Studies have shown a relationship between metabolic syndrome and periodontal disease, although information on the relationship is limited. METHODS: We analyzed 1,070 Japanese people aged 40, 50, 60, and 70 years who participated in health and periodontal examinations in Miyazaki City, ...

OBJECTIVES: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasingly recognized among overweight adolescents. Metabolic syndrome often coexists with NAFLD in adults. This study aimed to determine whether, in US adolescents, metabolic syndrome increases the odds of alanine aminotransferase (ALT)>40 U/L, a surrogate for NAFLD. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study of ...

In recent years, an explosion of research related to the cellular and vascular accompaniments of the metabolic syndrome has generated intense interest and controversy. Attention has focused on the vascular endothelium, where heightened, low-grade inflammatory processes lead to a continuum of vascular insults ranging from early endothelial derangements to advanced ...

Several experimental studies and some clinical experience have shown that metabolic syndrome and caloric restriction exert opposite effects on thrombosis, because these two nourishing conditions are at extreme ends of the same spectrum. The antithrombotic action induced by caloric restriction happens through Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), a gene/protein activated by the ...

In the last few years, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) has deserved major attention because it is linked to the same cluster of events that promote the metabolic syndrome. This review will point out the relationships between fat excess, insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome. Adipocytes are actually considered as endocrine ...

BACKGROUND: Metabolic syndrome has become a public health challenge worldwide. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of and risk factors for metabolic syndrome among adults in the Mediterranean region of Turkey. METHODS: This study included a total of 767 people from 20 to 83 years old ...

Vibration-induced white finger (VWF) is a disorder seen in workers exposed to hand-transmitted vibration, and is characterized by cold-induced vasospasms and finger blanching. Because overweight people with metabolic syndrome are pre-disposed to developing peripheral vascular disorders, it has been suggested that they also may be at greater risk of developing ...

BACKGROUND: The waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) is a potentially more reliable anthropometric index, particularly for populations of lower height. Performance of the WHtR versus body mass index (BMI) and enlarged waist circumference (WC) in the assessment of the metabolic syndrome was tested in nonobese males and females in a high-risk Italian ...

BACKGROUND: Leptin is correlated with several features of metabolic syndrome; however, possible confounders (eg, obesity) of this association are not known. This study evaluated the relationship between leptin, metabolic syndrome, and insulin resistance in an Iranian population and further investigated whether this relationship is confounded by obesity or central obesity. ...

Refeeding syndrome (RFS) is the result of aggressive enteral or parenteral feeding in a malnourished patient, with hypophosphatemia being the hallmark of this phenomenon. Other metabolic abnormalities, such as hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia, may also occur, along with sodium and fluid retention. The metabolic changes that occur in RFS can be ...

BACKGROUND: The Framingham Risk Score (FRS) has frequently been used in the United States to predict the 10-year risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). Components of the metabolic syndrome and several lifestyle factors have also been evaluated to estimate the risk of CHD. METHODS: To determine the relationship between the ...

A 49-year-old man had sudden chest pain and paralysis of the lower right limb. An acute aortic dissection was diagnosed in a computed tomography scan and the patient underwent an emergency operation. After the operation, myonephropathic metabolic syndrome developed, and human atrial natriuretic peptide was administered for 11 days until ...

This large-scale cross-sectional investigation highlights the relationships between adiponectin levels and a number of metabolic syndrome components in a nondiabetic Korean population (N = 6634). In a multivariate logistic regression model, after adjustment for age, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, body mass index, smoking history, C-reactive protein, and low-density ...

A subset of HIV-1-infected patients undergoing antiretroviral treatment develops a lipodystrophy syndrome. It is characterized by loss of peripheral subcutaneous adipose tissue (face, limbs, buttocks), visceral fat accumulation, and, in some cases, lipomatosis, especially in the dorsocervical area. In addition, these patients show metabolic alterations reminiscent of the metabolic syndrome, ...

The primary markers of the metabolic syndrome are central obesity, insulin resistance and hypertension. In this review, we consider the effect of changes in maternal nutrition during critical windows in fetal development on an individual's subsequent predisposition to the metabolic syndrome. The fetal origins of obesity, cardiovascular disease and insulin ...

Obesity is associated with endothelial dysfunction related to decreased NO bioavailability, increased endothelin 1 vasoconstrictor activity, and decreased circulating ghrelin. Therefore, we tested whether exogenous ghrelin may have benefits to improve the balance between endothelin 1 and NO in patients with obesity-related metabolic syndrome. Vasoactive actions of endothelin 1 and ...

DISH is a condition characterized by calcification and/or ossification of soft tissues, mainly entheses, ligaments and joint capsules. Its prevalence increases with age and, therefore, DISH is a relatively common entity in the elderly. The classical site of involvement is the spinal column with right anterolateral soft tissue ossification being ...

BACKGROUND: Metabolic syndrome is associated with higher morbidity and mortality in the general population, but the corresponding effects in patients on dialysis have not been clearly defined. In this study, we prospectively investigated the effect of metabolic syndrome and its individual components on outcome in non-diabetic peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. ...

Metabolic syndrome components have been associated with colorectal cancer in several studies; however, evidence for colorectal adenomas is limited. Thus, we evaluated the association between markers of the metabolic syndrome with colorectal adenoma development in a nested case-control study. Colorectal adenoma cases (n = 132) and matched controls, who had ...

OBJECTIVE To estimate heritability of metabolic syndrome traits among healthy younger adults in a human population in China, and examine potential sex differences in heritability and parental effect on metabolic syndrome traits. METHODS Using offspring-parent regression, we estimated heritability (h(2)) of metabolic syndrome traits based on 452 child-parent triads identified ...

OBJECTIVE: To identify correlates of weight loss in persons with metabolic syndrome. METHODS: Overweight adults (1851) with metabolic syndrome were identified among 5643 eligible participants in the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999-2004. Survey analysis techniques were used to study variation in the frequency of self-reported, intentional weight ...

OBJECTIVE: To analyse the phenotypic spectrum of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and determine the association between metabolic, hormonal and new ultrasonographic criteria. DESIGN: Clinical cross-sectional study. SETTING: University teaching hospital. POPULATION: A total of 804 Chinese women, among whom 719 cases were diagnosed as PCOS based on the 2003 Rotterdam ...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of changing activity after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) on metabolic syndrome with a follow-up period of 2 years. Two hundred consecutive patients who were to undergo TKA were prospectively enrolled. The patients' blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose level, the lipid ...

Considering the high prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its association with cardiovascular mortality, we prospectively evaluated the role of diet in the incidence of metabolic syndrome in renal transplant recipients. Our prospective cohort of 160 adult renal allograft recipients was followed for 1 year and had no existing metabolic syndrome ...

BACKGROUND: Brain volume progressively decreases with an increase in atrophy, and the brain becomes more susceptible to degenerative brain diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. Metabolic syndrome has also been associated with an increased risk of cognitive decline in the elderly. Aims: In this study, we aimed to examine the effects ...

The worldwide epidemic of childhood obesity in the last decades is responsible for the occurrence in pediatrics of disorders once mainly found in adults, such as the metabolic syndrome. A key factor in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome is insulin resistance, a phenomenon occurring mainly in obese subjects with a ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) in a primary care pediatric setting and to collect clinical and biochemical data, allowing for a prediction of its presence in a supposedly healthy population. METHODS: Belonging to a pediatric population followed by pediatricians of the Italian National Health Service, 415 ...

BACKGROUND: Perioperative outcome data related to metabolic syndrome in coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) patients are lacking. OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of metabolic syndrome in CABG patients and whether its presence or the patient's sex affects postoperative lengths of stay in the intensive care unit and hospital. METHODS: A ...

Contemporary life, with its sedentary lifestyles, fast foods, processed foodstuff, and desk-bound service employment, is beset by an epidemic of overweight and obese individuals. The World Health Organization reported that worldwide a billion adults are overweight and at least 30% of them are obese. Moreover, increasing numbers of children are ...

It is important for a dentist to be well informed and updated on the latest research on the association of oral and systemic health. Of late, the metabolic syndrome has gained importance in dental literature, and metabolic syndrome and periodontal disease have been linked. Metabolic syndrome (MeS) is a group ...

The metabolic syndrome was designed to identify individuals at high risk for the development of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Compared with whites, blacks have higher rates of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Paradoxically, blacks have a lower prevalence of the metabolic syndrome. According to the criteria set by National ...

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The independent role of soft drink consumption in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients remains unclear. We aimed to assess the association between consumption of soft drinks and fatty liver in patients with or without metabolic syndrome. METHODS: We recruited 31 patients (age: 43+/-12 years) with NAFLD and risk ...

OBJECTIVE: We asked if patients with metabolic syndrome undergoing total knee replacement (TKR) have an increased risk for symptomatic deep vein thrombosis (DVT) at 3 months followup. METHODS: We reviewed 1460 patients from our joint registry undergoing primary, unilateral TKR between 1998-2006. Demographic variables of age, sex, comorbidity, and education ...

Obesity plays a causative role in the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome. Adipokines may link obesity to its co-morbidities. Most adipokines with pro-inflammatory properties are overproduced with increasing adiposity, while some adipokines with anti-inflammatory or insulin-sensitizing properties, like adiponectin are decreased. This dysregulation of adipokine production may promote obesity-linked metabolic ...

INTRODUCTION: The metabolic syndrome is a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors that predispose toward the development of diseases such as diabetes. Erectile dysfunction (ED) is common in men with metabolic syndrome, but its etiology is poorly understood. Pro-erectile nitrergic nerves innervating penile erectile tissue are also susceptible to mechanical injury ...

BACKGROUND: Although metabolic syndrome is associated with cardiovascular disease and stroke, limited information is available on specific brain damage in patients with this syndrome. We investigated the relationship of the syndrome with white matter (WM) alteration using a voxel-based approach with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). METHODS: We compared fractional anisotropy ...

A considerable part of the millions of Alpine tourists suffer from pre-existing diseases (e.g., metabolic syndrome) and high daily stress levels. The main goal of the Austrian Moderate Altitude Study (AMAS) was to investigate (a) the consequences of an active vacation at moderate altitude on the key parameters of the ...

Objective: The obese Zucker rat (OZR) model of the metabolic syndrome is partly characterized by moderate hypercholesterolemia, in addition to other contributing comorbidities. Previous results suggest that vascular dysfunction in OZR is associated with chronic reduction in vascular nitric-oxide (NO) bioavailability and chronic inflammation, both frequently associated with hypercholesterolemia. As ...

BACKGROUND: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and metabolic syndrome have been recognized as risk factors for cardiovascular disease. However, there is no information comparing their impact on macroangiopathy in diabetic patients. Thus, we studied the prevalence of CKD and metabolic syndrome in Japanese type 2 diabetic patients and then compared their ...

The clustering of traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors is known as the metabolic syndrome. The metabolic syndrome was first characterized as a distinct entity by Dr. Gerald Reaven in 1988. The intent was to identify individuals at greatest risk for cardiovascular disease mortality and those in urgent need of lifestyle ...