Shoulder pain following thoracotomy is a common postoperative complaint and can be difficult to treat. This article explores how to select patients who would benefit from a suprascapular nerve block for post-thoracotomy shoulder pain. A retrospective case review of 178 patients who underwent thoracotomy at our institution was performed. Only ...

Methyl jasmonate (MJ) is a chemical compound that has been postulated to play a role in plant wound and pathogen responses. While the anti-inflammatory property of MJ has been reported in literature, no studies have been carried out to describe its role in the modulation of pain. Thus, this present ...

BACKGROUND:: Neuropathic pain-like hypersensitivity evoked by peripheral nerve injury is a salient clinical feature of pathologic pain; however, the underlying mechanisms of this condition remain largely unknown. Previous work has confirmed that spinal macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) contributes to the pathogenesis of formalin-induced inflammatory hyperalgesia, but the role for ...

Inhibitory and facilitatory descending pathways, originating at higher central nervous system sites, modulate activity of dorsal horn nociceptive neurons, and thereby influence pain perception. Dysfunction of inhibitory pain pathways or a shift in the balance between pain facilitation and pain inhibition has been associated with the development of chronic pain. ...

Phencyclidine (PCP, I) and most its derivatives have demonstrated some pharmacological effects. Accordingly, in this study, the new methoxy (III) and hydroxy-methyl (IV) morpholine PCP derivatives were synthesized. The acute and chronic pain activities of these drugs (III, IV) were investigated by tail immersion and formalin tests on rats and ...

Phencyclidine (1-(1-phenylcyclohexyl)piperidine, CAS 77-10-1, PCP, I) and many of its analogues have been synthesized and their pharmacological properties studied. In this research, new methyl morpholine derivative of phencyclidine (1-[1-(4-methylphenyl) (cyclohexyl)]morpholine, Methyl-PCM, III) was synthesized and the acute and chronic pain activities were studied using tail immersion and formalin tests on ...

Ketamine is an N-methyl-D-aspar tate receptor antagonist that has been in clinical use in the USA for over 30 years. Its ability to provide profound analgesia and amnesia while maintaining spontaneous respiration makes it an ideal medication for procedure-related pain and trauma. In the chronic pain arena, its use continues ...

All breast cancer patients, suspected with lymph node invasion, need an axillary lymph node dissection. This study investigated the short- and long-term effects of the treatment for breast cancer on shoulder mobility, development of lymphoedema, pain and activities of daily living. Patients who had a modified radical mastectomy (33%) or ...

Limb amputation is a leading cause of pain and disability. Limb amputation can be associated with a myriad of symptoms, including phantom limb sensation, phantom limb pain, and stump pain. Treatment of phantom limb pain and stump pain, remains difficult, therefore optimal management must include a multidisciplinary approach. This case ...

What is known and Objective:  Flupirtine is a widely known analgesic drug that is approved for the treatment of acute and chronic pain, particularly musculoskeletal pain. However, it is neither an NSAID nor an opioid. Given pending trials of flupirtine for the treatment of fibromyalgia pain, an understanding of flupirtine's ...

The purposes of this study were to identify changes in tear dimensions, shoulder function, and glenohumeral kinematics when an asymptomatic rotator cuff tear becomes painful and to identify characteristics of individuals who develop pain compared with those who remain asymptomatic. A cohort of 195 subjects with an asymptomatic rotator cuff ...

A disturbance in scapulohumeral rhythm may cause negative biomechanic effects on rotator cuff (RC). Alteration in scapular motion and shoulder pain can influence RC strength. Purpose of this study was to assess supraspinatus and infraspinatus strength in 29 overhead athletes with scapular dyskinesis, before and after 3 and 6 months ...

Patients with upper motor neuron injury can develop painful inferior glenohumeral subluxation with functional impairment. If the pain is relieved by manual reduction of the subluxation, this pain is considered mechanical in nature and potentially amenable to surgical treatment to maintain this reduction. The purpose of this study was to ...

Shoulder pain is a frequent clinical problem facing primary care physicians. Despite its common occurrence, many clinicians are unfamiliar with the diagnosis and treatment of many common shoulder ailments. Because therapy for most shoulder disorders can be made at the initial consultation, a good history and physical remain paramount. The ...

To describe the presence of widespread pressure pain hyperalgesia and myofascial trigger points (TrPs) in neck and shoulder muscles in patients with postmastectomy pain. Twenty-nine women (mean age: 50±8 y) with postmastectomy pain and 23 matched healthy controls (mean age: 50±9 y) participated. Pressure pain thresholds (PPT) were bilaterally assessed over the ...

Lower back and extremity pain in the amputee patient can be challenging to classify and treat. Radicular compression in a patient with lower limb amputation may present as or be superimposed upon phantom limb pain, creating diagnostic difficulties. Both patients and physicians classically find it difficult to discern phantom sensation ...

OBJECTIVE: Although 40 assessment tools are described in the literature, very few of them have been correctly validated. The Standardized Index of Shoulder Function (FI2S) encompasses pain, mobility, strength and function. The aim of this work is to describe the FI2S and to study its construct validity, reliability and responsiveness ...

Many approaches to treatment of frozen shoulder, or adhesive capsulitis, including use of steroid injections, provide only short-term relief. We present a method for pulsed mode radiofrequency (PRF) lesioning of the suprascapular nerve using ultrasound guidance in patients with severe pain from frozen shoulder. Patients with frozen shoulder were treated ...

The purpose of this study is to characterize the demographic features and physical function of subjects with asymptomatic rotator cuff tears and to compare their shoulder function with control subjects with an intact rotator cuff. This study enrolled 196 subjects with an asymptomatic rotator cuff tear and 54 subjects with ...

The purposes of this study were to determine common clinical symptoms related to an anterosuperior labral tear without biceps anchor involvement and to establish the outcome of arthroscopic management of this injury. In our database of arthroscopic procedures we identified 23 patients with an isolated anterosuperior labral tear. The mean ...

There are conflicting reports in the literature regarding the outcome of superior labral anterior posterior (SLAP) repairs in overhead athletes and a paucity of data demonstrating ability to return to prior level of competition. Kerlan-Jobe Orthopaedic Clinic shoulder and elbow score provides more accurate assessment of shoulder function and ability ...

Suprascapular neuropathy has often been overlooked as a source of shoulder pain. The condition may be more common than once thought as it is being diagnosed more frequently. Etiologies for suprascapular neuropathy may include repetitive overhead activities, traction from a rotator cuff tear, and compression from a space-occupying lesion at ...

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) has become the standard treatment for gall bladder disease. However, despite its low degree of invasiveness, many patients complain of postoperative pain and postoperative nausea/vomiting. This study was planned to evaluate different factors affecting the incidence and severity of postoperative shoulder-tip pain after LC. One hundred consecutive ...

To assess the prevalence of shoulder pain and its association with the use of assistive devices for mobility in persons with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI). Cross-sectional analysis conducted within a cohort study. SCI service in a hospital and the community. Between August 2005 and January 2008, 93 participants with ...

One possible cause of shoulder pain is rotator cuff contact with the superior glenoid (cuff-glenoid contact) with the arm in flexion, as occurs during a Neer impingement sign. It has been assumed that the pain with a Neer impingement sign on physical examination of the shoulder was secondary to the ...

The etiology of shoulder pain in the overhead athlete is often difficult to determine. This study hypothesized that (1) instability can present in a purely painful form, without any apparent history of instability, but with anatomic lesions indicative of instability, termed unstable painful shoulder (UPS), and that (2) arthroscopic shoulder ...

Pain is one of the most commonly reported breast complaints. Referred pain from inflammation of the shoulder bursa is often overlooked as a cause of breast pain. The objective of this study is to evaluate the role of shoulder bursitis as a cause of breast/chest pain. An IRB-approved retrospective review ...

Neck/shoulder pain is linked to movement repetition, awkward postures, and muscular fatigue. Studies have examined the influence of pain and fatigue on movement characteristics, but few report spatial and temporal characteristics within- and between-dynamic movements. The combined influences of fatigue and pain on these parameters are examined here. A shoulder-injured ...

Residual limb pain (RLP) and phantom limb pain (PLP) can be debilitating and can prevent functional gains following amputation. High correlations have been reported between RLP and the stump neuromas following amputation. Many treatment methods including physical therapy, medications, and interventions, have been used with limited success. Pulsed radiofrequency ablation ...

It has been reported that hypermobile subjects have proprioceptive deficits. However, it remains unclear whether pain-free subjects with hypermobility also have deficits. Ten subjects with hypermobility and nine without hypermobility were recruited following ethical approval and informed consent. Shoulder mobility, joint position sense (JPS) and a reflex of trapezius evoked ...

The musculoskeletal system can be affected by diabetes in a number of ways. The shoulder is one of the frequently affected sites. One of the rheumatic conditions caused by diabetes is frozen shoulder (adhesive capsulitis), which is characterized by pain and severe limited active and passive range of motion of ...

Since the beginning of the conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan, there has been a dramatic increase in the number of military service members with single and multiple-limb amputations. Phantom limb pain (PLP) frequently develops in these individuals. As a result, identifying the best methods to treat PLP is critical. The ...

Rotator cuff tears are a common contributing factor of shoulder pain and occupational disability. Tears of the rotator cuff are becoming increasingly prevalent in today's musculoskeletal population. Accurate recognition and successful treatment of patients with rotator cuff tears require thorough comprehension of the normal and pathologic anatomy of the rotator ...

PURPOSE: To assess the pain course after intraarticular injection of a gadolinium-containing contrast material admixed with anesthetic for magnetic resonance (MR) arthrography of the shoulder in relation to internal derangements of the shoulder. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Institutional review board approval and informed consent were obtained for this study. The study ...

Repair of superior labral tears anterior to posterior (SLAP) lesions has become an increasingly common procedure, despite the low incidence rates reported in the literature. As the incidence of these procedures increases, the surgeons will be increasingly confronted with patients with painful shoulders after SLAP repair. Persistent pain after SLAP ...

This study aims to describe the prevalence and characteristics of phantom limb pain and residual limb pain after upper limb amputation. One-hundred and forty-one participants (139 males; mean age 74.8 years; mean time since amputation 50.1 years) completed a self-report questionnaire assessing residual and phantom limb pain experience. Prevalence of ...

Arthrofibrosis after shoulder surgery may be challenging to treat. Certain factors, including diabetes and history of keloid formation, predispose patients to the development of postoperative arthrofibrosis. Etiologies include rotator cuff repair, labral repair, capsulorrhaphy, shoulder arthroplasty, and proximal humerus fracture fixation. Systematic evaluation with thorough history and physical examination is ...

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this video article is to illustrate the ultrasound appearance of calcium deposition in the rotator cuff and provide a detailed step-by-step protocol for performing the ultrasound-guided single-needle lavage technique for the treatment of calcific tendinitis with emphasis on patient positioning, necessary supplies, real-time lavage technique, and ...

Shoulder pain is the most common musculoskeletal complaint in competitive swimmers. Problems with the shoulders of swimmers resemble that of the disabled thrower's shoulder, but the clinical findings and associated dysfunctions are not quite the same. Therefore, swimmers with shoulder pain should be evaluated and treated as a separate clinical ...

Study design:Case report.Objectives:To describe a case of suprascapular nerve entrapment (SNE) in a patient with a spinal cord injury (SCI) as a cause of shoulder pain.Setting:Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Institute, Nancy, France.Report:Six months after the occurrence of acute paraplegia T9 ASIA, a 45-year-old man complained of pain in the posterior ...

To compare the efficacy of pulse radiofrequency applied to the suprascapular nerve with the efficacy of conventional transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation treatment in patients with shoulder pain. A randomized, controlled trial. An outpatient physical therapy and rehabilitation clinic. Forty patients with shoulder pain lasting at least three months were included ...

To determine the prevalence, correlates and impact of shoulder pain in a population-based sample. The North West Adelaide Health Study is a representative longitudinal cohort study of people aged 18 years and over. The original sample was randomly selected and recruited by telephone interview. Overall, 3206 participants returned to the ...

A specific pattern of injury to the superior labrum of the shoulder was identified arthroscopically in twenty-seven patients included in a retrospective review of more than 700 shoulder arthroscopies performed at our institution. The injury of the superior labrum begins posteriorly and extends anteriorly, stopping before or at the mid- ...

To evaluate the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in painful hemiplegic shoulder (PHS) in hemiplegic post-stroke patients. Patients with hemiplegia following their first cerebrovascular accident who were admitted to the Sarah Network of Hospitals for Rehabilitation were studied. Forty-five patients with pain in the hemiplegic shoulder and 23 post-stroke patients ...

Mental motor imagery is subserved by the same cognitive systems that underlie action. In turn, action is informed by the anticipated sensory consequences of movement, including pain. In light of these considerations, one would predict that motor imagery would provide a useful measure pain-related functional interference. We report a study ...

To evaluate the use of continuous interscalene brachial plexus block with bupivacaine to treat complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) type 1 of the shoulder in adult patients who were refractory to standard therapies. We performed a prospective, cross-sectional study of 59 cases of treatment-refractory CRPS type 1 of the shoulder. ...

BACKGROUND: Hotel room cleaners have physically demanding jobs that place them at high risk for shoulder pain. Psychosocial work factors may also play a role in shoulder pain, but their independent role has not been studied in this group. METHODS: Seventy-four percent (941 of 1,276) of hotel room cleaners from ...

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the intramuscular metabolic state in chronically painful muscles using positron-emission tomography/computerized tomography (PET/CT). STUDY DESIGN: The study included 140 consecutive noncancer subjects who underwent PET/CT screening for a physical checkup (mean age 56.0 +/- 10.22 y). The demographic data and information ...

Cerebral vascular accident or stroke is recognized as the leading cause of disability in the United States; consequently, it is important that all healthcare professionals working with this population develop competency of care to promote functional recovery. One of the most profound effects of stroke is upper-extremity dysfunction. With correct ...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the reliability and validity of 2 commonly used measures of pain related fear in patients with shoulder pain. DESIGN: A preplanned secondary analysis of a prospective single-arm trial involving a repeated-measures design. SETTING: Outpatient physical therapy clinics. PARTICIPANTS: Patients (N=80) with a primary report of shoulder pain. ...