Resulting from concerns about recent research on avian influenza, scientists working on transmission of the H5N1 strain have agreed to halt this area of research for 60 days to allow time for international discussion.Comment on this article at http://scim.ag/zr4XKx.

The "year in review" session is a key moment of the Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) Congress. This is a unique opportunity for opinion leaders to summarize and comment the recent advances in one particular field of osteoarthritis research. This review is a summary of selected studies related to soluble ...

Faculty promotion within an academic department of radiology may place emphasis on scientific research, administrative contributions, educational contributions, or a combination of all endeavors that enrich the department and further its academic mission. For those departments considering the establishment of a promotion pathway that emphasizes teaching talents and education-oriented research, ...

Shultz and Wang (see record 2011-03464-001) drew attention to the ways in which understandings of retirement have changed over time, both in terms of the place of retirement in the lives of individuals and in terms of how retirement can no longer usefully be taken to comprise a single defining ...

 Recent significant progress towards understanding the function of pseudogenes in protozoa (Trypanosoma brucei), metazoa (mouse) and plants, make it pertinent to provide a brief overview on what has been learned about this fascinating subject. We discuss the regulatory mechanisms of pseudogenes at the post-transcriptional level and advance new ideas towards ...

Costameres encircle the myocyte perpendicular to its long axis, and comprise two protein complexes: the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex (DGC) and the vinculin-talin-integrin system. They participate in signaling functions and protect muscle cells from damage induced by workload. The behaviour of those proteins has been a focus of study starting from skeletal ...

ABSTRACT The author aimed to review some of the early research on goal-directed aiming and reaching. R. S. Woodworth's (1899) well known, and often referenced, paper is only one of the research papers, prior to the revolutionary paper of P. M. Fitts ( 1954 ), which had a significant effect ...

Although there have been a handful of studies examining the work of chaplains and prison volunteers in a Western setting, few have endeavored to conduct research into the experiences of religious workers in Asian penitentiaries. To fill this gap, this article reports on exploratory research examining the work of a ...

Computational science has led to exciting new developments, but the nature of the work has exposed limitations in our ability to evaluate published findings. Reproducibility has the potential to serve as a minimum standard for judging scientific claims when full independent replication of a study is not possible.

Medical simulation has grown explosively over the last decade. Simulation is becoming commonplace in clinical education but can also be used as an investigative clinical tool in its own right. There are thus two arms of simulation in clinical research. The first is investigation of the clinical impact of simulation ...

Background:  Both the Council for International Organization of Medical Sciences and the Helsinki Declaration emphasize that the potential benefits of research should outweigh potential harms; consequently, some work has been conducted on participants' perception of benefits in therapeutic research. However, there appears to be very little work conducted with participants ...

Open data leads to better science, but overcoming the barriers to widespread publication and availability of open scientific data requires a community effort. The Open Knowledge Foundation Open Data in Science Working Group describes their role in this movement.

Mika Kivimaki and colleagues discuss new research that shows an association between shift work and the risk of developing type 2 diabetes among nurses.

John Newsom-Davis was born in 1932 and died, aged 74, in 2007. After national service in the Royal Air Force, he read Natural Sciences at Cambridge. Following clinical studies at the Middlesex Hospital, he began research into respiratory neurophysiology with Tom Sears at the National Hospital, Queen Square, in London, ...

Although only discovered in 1999, the symbiotic filamentous actinobacteria present on the integument of certain species of leaf-cutting ants have been the subject of intense research. These bacteria have been shown to specifically suppress fungal garden parasites by secretion of antibiotics. However, more recently, a wider role for these bacteria ...

The term future work self refers to an individual's representation of himself or herself in the future that reflects his or her hopes and aspirations in relation to work. The clearer and more accessible this representation, the more salient the future work self. An initial study with 2 samples (N ...

AIM: to ascribe meaning to the everyday experiences of midwives during their first year of practice as they interact with their social environment. DESIGN: a qualitative, ethnographic study. SETTING: a major maternity department located in the West Country, UK. PARTICIPANTS: seven newly qualified midwives working in the chosen setting. MEASUREMENTS: ...

The detection of explosives and explosive-related compounds has become a heightened priority in recent years for homeland security and counter-terrorism applications. There has been a huge increase in research within this area-through both the development of new, innovative detection approaches and the improvement of existing techniques. Developments for miniaturisation, portability, ...

3D imaging systems are used to construct high-resolution meshes of patient's heads that can be analyzed by computer algorithms. Our work starts with such 3D head meshes and produces both global and local descriptors of 3D shape. Since these descriptors are numeric feature vectors, they can be used in both ...

Researchers are working on key issues in regenerative medicine in many of the over 280 academic institutions in Germany. Moreover, nonuniversity research institutions such as Helmholtz-, Max-Planck-, Fraunhofer- and Leibniz-Centers provide important contributions to the field of regenerative medicine in Germany. Research on stem cells is conducted in the area ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Posttraumatic stress disorder acquired at work can be debilitating both for workers and their employers. The disorder can result in increased sick leave, reduced productivity, and even unemployment. Furthermore, workers are especially unlikely to return to their previous place of employment after a traumatic incident at work because ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Large clinical trials databases, developed over the course of a comprehensive clinical trial program, represent an invaluable resource for clinical researchers. Data mining projects sponsored by industry that use these databases, however, are often not viewed favorably in the academic, medical community because of concerns that commercial, rather ...

As scientists, we greatly benefit from discussing our work with our peers. Informal, unstructured interactions often yield highly creative feedback. With this in mind, we created a group that fosters discussion of its members' work. The group engages us in new research fields and ways of thinking, and provides us ...

Objectives. We developed a process through which community outreach workers, whose role is not typically that of a trained researcher, could actively participate in collection of qualitative evaluation data. Methods. Outreach workers for a community-based intervention project received training in qualitative research methodology and certification in research ethics. They used ...

Institutions in the education, research and industrial sectors in Ghana are quite few in comparison to the medical sector. Occupational exposure to radiation in the education, research and industrial sectors in Ghana have been analysed for a 10 y period between 2000 and 2009, by extracting dose data from the ...

The paper 'Evaluation Metrics for Biostatistical and Epidemiological Collaborations' of Rubio et al. represents an important initial advance in the evaluation of biostatistics, epidemiology, and research design (BERD). The authors present a sensible three-domain model (collaboration with investigators, application of BERD-related methods, and discovery of new BERD methodologies), rightly acknowledge ...

BACKGROUND: By recounting the making of the office that contributed to the implementation of the harm reduction policy in Taiwan, this paper aims to answer two questions: Who and what assembled to make this policy possible? Which conceptual tool works best to understand what this policy-making was all about? METHODS: ...

Recent years have seen a surge of interest in the metal-ion directed construction of discrete molecular assemblies. Once the versatility of this approach for the construction of hitherto inaccessible molecular architectures was demonstrated, work towards fully functional systems rapidly developed. Since these architectures have a wide range of possible applications, ...

BackgroundThe re-use of patient data from electronic healthcare record systems can provide tremendous benefits for clinical research, but measures to protect patient privacy while utilizing these records have many challenges. Some of these challenges arise from a misperception that the problem should be solved technically when actually the problem needs ...

Some scepticism has been voiced over whether the work of John Hughlings Jackson possesses any significant philosophical orientation. This article argues that Hughlings Jackson was acquainted with the work of a wide range of philosophers. In particular, certain aspects of the writings of John Stuart Mill are reflected in Hughlings ...

As an introduction to the Symposium, we have reviewed the early steps in glucagon research from its discovery in 1923 to the establishment of the basics of the physiology and pathophysiology of the hormone after the description of a sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay by Unger and his co-workers in 1959.

Objectives: The aim was to learn about perspectives of consumers contributing to the work of the Division of Research, Audit and Academic Surgery of the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons. The research arm of the Division has worked with consumers since it was formed in 1998.Methods: Nine consumers who worked ...

BACKGROUNDS: One of the most frequent causes of allergic contact dermatitis of occupational origin are rubber additives, which are present in Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). The most allergenic additives of natural and synthetic gloves are thiurams, carbamates and mercapto group. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the state of knowledge about the chemical ...

This article discusses a research partnership framework based on a collaborative relationship that was initially established between a carers' organisation and a university with the aim of maximising the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of health and social care research in an era of public spending cuts. As each partner gradually formed ...

This article challenges the idea that positivism is capable of representing the complexity of social pharmacy and pharmacy education. It is argued that critical realism provides a framework that allows researchers to look at the nature of reality and at mechanisms that produce, or have the tendency to produce, events ...

Stanislao Cannizzaro is known widely for the Cannizzaro reaction, the "disproportionation" of benzaldehyde upon reaction with alkali, for his approach to teaching chemistry, "Sunto di un corso di filosofia chimica", which he presented at the Karlsruhe Congress of 1860, and for his work on the photochemistry of santonin. In Cannizzaro's ...

OBJECTIVE: This paper tries to evaluate the connections between the Viennese Anatomical School and the Croatian Anatomist Jelena Krmpotic-Nemanic. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 17 papers written by Professor Jelena Krmpotic-Nemanic in the last decade of her life were chosen for analyses. According to their themes they could be divided into three ...

This article describes how community-based participatory research (CBPR) led to the discovery of the unintended consequences of jail and prison copayment policy on women prisoners' health. The article addresses (a) a working definition of participatory research; (b) the importance of research with women prisoners; (c) the origins and development of ...

This review celebrates the adaptation studies published in Vision Research during the past half a century, and it is thus a complement to the anniversary issues which are focusing on more recent work (Vision Research, 51(7 and 8), 2011). Throughout the text, the discussion often starts out from a work ...

In September 2000, the self-styled "anthropological journalist" Patrick Tierney began to make public his work claiming that the Yanomamö people of South America had been actively-indeed brutally-harmed by the sociobiological anthropologist Napoleon Chagnon and the geneticist-physician James Neel. Following a florid summary of Tierney's claims by the anthropologists Terence Turner ...

These are the 40 accepted abstracts for IAYT's Symposium on Yoga Research (SYR) , September 22nd- 24th 2011, and published in the Final Program Guide and Abstracts for SYR 2011.

For some years now, the history of modern mathematics and the history of modern science have developed independently. A step toward a reunification that would benefit both disciplines could come about through a revived appreciation of mathematical practice. Detailed studies of what mathematicians actually do, whether local or broadly based, ...

The commentaries on our focal article agreed with its main premise that work-family research should follow new strategies to improve its practical impact, and made suggestions clustering into three main themes. The first theme built on our suggestion to improve the research focus, terminology, and framing of work-family research. These ...

Although work-family research has mushroomed over the past several decades, an implementation gap persists in putting work-family research into practice. Because of this, work-family researchers have not made a significant impact in improving the lives of employees relative to the amount of research that has been conducted. The goal of ...

This paper documents an exceptional research partnership developed between the Vuntut Gwitchin Government (VGG) in Old Crow, Yukon, with a group of scientists to examine northern food security and health as part of a larger, multidisciplinary International Polar Year (IPY) research program. We focus on the elements that enabled a ...

Latino immigrants are the largest source of immigrant workers in the United States. In this study, 11 first-generation Latino immigrants (8 men, 3 women) living in the Midwest were interviewed about their work experiences. Interview data were analyzed using consensual qualitative research methods (Hill, Thompson, & Williams, 1997). Five domains ...

Anthropologists have traditionally separated the history of their discipline into two main diverging methodological paradigms: nineteenth-century armchair theorizing, and twentieth-century field-based research. But this tradition obscures both the complexity of the observational practices of early nineteenth-century researchers and the high degree of continuity between these practices and the techniques that ...

Previous research on the determinants of effectiveness in knowledge systems seeking to support sustainable development has highlighted the importance of "boundary work" through which research communities organize their relations with new science, other sources of knowledge, and the worlds of action and policymaking. A growing body of scholarship postulates specific ...

Objective: During recent years, evidence has accumulated that both wildlife species and humans are exposed to ubiquitous endocrine-disrupting chemicals. Some are persistent in our bodies; others are nonpersistent but are produced in large quantities. Hitherto, the bulk of research in this area has been carried out by basic and experimental ...

Human factors and ergonomics research focuses on questions pertaining to the design of devices, systems, and procedures with the goal of making sure that they are well suited to human use and focuses on studies of the interaction of people with simple and complex systems and machines. Problem areas studied ...