The purpose of this study was to develop and begin to validate a brief self-report measure, the checklist of risk behaviours for youth (CORBY). This 15-item measure was designed to assess, over a 30-day period, multiple youth risk behaviours associated with mental health and well-being concerns. Early research provides initial ...

The civic domain has taken its place in the scholarship and practice of youth development. From the beginning, the field has focused on youth as assets who contribute to the common good of their communities. Work at the cutting edge of this field integrates research and practice and focuses on ...

Youth organizing combines elements of community organizing, with its emphasis on ordinary people working collectively to advance shared interests, and positive youth development, with its emphasis on asset-based approaches to working with young people. It is expanding from an innovative, but marginal approach to youth and community development into a ...

In this chapter, the authors consider Paulo Freire's construct of critical consciousness (CC) and why it deserves more attention in research and discourse on youth political and civic development. His approach to education and similar ideas by other scholars of liberation aims to foster a critical analysis of society-and one's ...

BACKGROUND: Research suggests that adverse experiences in childhood affect the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD), and immune and inflammation dysregulation has been postulated to play role. However, it is unclear whether the effects of social adversity on immune-related biomarkers are evident in early life, and if these biomarkers may provide ...

Objectives. To determine how residents of the Inuit community of Nain, Nunatsiavut, Canada would like research results disseminated to their community. Study design. Qualitative study using focus groups and key informant interviews. Methods. As part of a larger study on food safety, one focus group was conducted with hunters (n=7) ...

In 2009, CARE (Community Alliance for Research and Engagement at Yale University) launched a multisectoral chronic disease prevention initiative that conducts baseline data collection, interventions, and follow-up data collection to measure change. Data collection includes asset mapping to assess environmental determinants of chronic disease risk factors in neighborhoods and around ...

Background:  Depression is a major public health problem among youth, currently estimated to affect as many as 9% of US children and adolescents. The recognition that both genes (nature) and environments (nurture) are important for understanding the etiology of depression has led to a rapid growth in research exploring gene-environment ...

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a leading cause of disability worldwide, however for reasons that are poorly understood ethnic minority groups are not well represented in clinical research studies. Thus, although African Americans experience equivalent rates of OCD according to epidemiological surveys, the generalizability of findings from clinical trials remains unknown. ...

  Subject participation is a critical concern for clinicians and researchers involved in prevention programs, especially for intensive interventions that require randomized assignment and lengthy youth and parent involvement.   This article describes details of an integrated approach used to recruit and retain at-risk high school youths, their parents, and ...

Research on the experiences of youth leaving foster care as they enter adulthood has identified their risk for homelessness and housing instability. Although this finding has been consistent, it has not received sufficient empirical or conceptual attention. In this article, we (a) review the recent findings on housing outcomes for ...

An emerging strategy for increasing public participation in health research is volunteer registries. Using a community-based participatory research framework, we describe recruitment processes and outcomes in building a research volunteer registry of older urban African Americans. The specific research question examined retrospectively was: How does a community outreach partnership between ...

Abstract Context.-While formalin fixation and paraffin embedding has become a universal mechanism of tissue preservation and a gold standard for immunohistochemistry, fixation and processing variables that may confound assay effectiveness have received little attention from the scientific community. Objective.-To identify discrete steps in specimen fixation and processing that may impact ...

Despite over two decades of research on cartilage tissue engineering, very few products have moved from bench to bedside and effective therapy remains lacking. This review discusses recent progress in developing novel strategies for engineering cartilage tissues with long-term functionality. Specifically we focus on the following aspects including identifying promising ...

Within the EU-project NewGeneris human placental perfusion has been used for predicting fetal exposure to food carcinogens. Within the work package of ethical aspects of the research, we studied opinions of the researchers (n = 23) who carried out perfusions of human placenta. Data were collected by focus group interviews (n = 12) and ...

Articular cartilage injuries are one of the most challenging problems in musculoskeletal medicine due to the poor intrinsic regenerative capacity of this tissue. The lack of efficient treatment modalities motivates research into tissue engineering - combining cells, biomaterials mimicking extracellular matrix (scaffolds) and microenvironmental signaling cues. The aim of this ...

The turn of the century witnessed the development of small molecule, protein, cell and tissue microarrays, heralding a new era of discovery-driven research using a host of different chemical libraries, biomolecules and tissue types. This highlight takes stock of this first decade of small molecule microarrays (SMMs) and describes how ...

Human dignity has long been used as a foundational principle in policy documents and ethical guidelines intended to govern various forms of biomedical research. Despite the vast amount of literature concerning human dignity and embryonic tissues, the majority of biomedical research uses non-embryonic human tissue. Therefore, this contribution addresses a ...

Previous studies show higher mortality rates among individuals with autism than the general population. Comorbidity with epilepsy is an assumed, often ill-defined factor in the increased mortality rates of individuals with autism. Data from the Autism Tissue Program, a tissue donation program established to support biomedical research on autism, show ...

Human biospecimens are subjected to collection, processing, and storage that can significantly alter their molecular composition and consistency. These biospecimen preanalytical factors, in turn, influence experimental outcomes and the ability to reproduce scientific results. Currently, the extent and type of information specific to the biospecimen preanalytical conditions reported in scientific ...

To develop a standard operating procedure (SOP) for collection, transport, storage of human endometrial tissue and blood samples, subject and specimen annotation, and establishing sample priorities. The SOP synthesizes sound scientific procedures, the literature on ischemia research, sample collection and gene expression profiling, good laboratory practices, and the authors' experience ...

Hypermobility and hypermobility syndrome are common conditions with universal interest. However, despite significant advances in our knowledge of the presentation and implications of lax tissues there is still much to learn about the best way to manage the symptoms. This review discusses our current knowledge on the management of joint ...

Bioabsorbable internal fixation has been clinically available for nearly 20 years and has been used for hard tissue and/or soft tissue fixation from the head to toe. During this time, there has been a rapid evolution in bioabsorbable polymers as well as in the implants and their clinical applications. There ...

Abstract Context.?The increasing number of requests for use of clinically archived tissue in translational research poses unique challenges. Conflicts may arise between pathologists who are responsible for overseeing and preserving the tissues and investigators who need these materials for research purposes. Objectives.?To evaluate the status of our institution's Tissue Registry ...

The Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine International Society - Asia Pacific (TERMIS-AP) annual meeting was held in Sydney, Australia from 15-17 September 2010 and highlighted the latest developments in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine in the Asia-Pacific region. Several of the plenary lectures focused on the vascularization of tissue engineering ...

The only unequivocal radiological effect of the Chernobyl accident on human health is the increase in thyroid cancer in those exposed in childhood or early adolescence. In response to the scientific interest in studying the molecular biology of thyroid cancer after Chernobyl, the Chernobyl Tissue Bank was established. The project ...

This paper explores the different identities adopted by connective tissue research at the University of Manchester during the second half of the 20th century. By looking at the long-term redefinition of a research programme, it sheds new light on the interactions between different and conflicting levels in the study of ...

The development of substitutes for the human trachea or its bronchial tree represents a niche application in the rapidly advancing scientific field of Regenerative Medicine. Despite a comparatively small research foundation in the field of tracheo-bronchial bio-engineering, four different approaches have already been translated into clinical settings and applied in ...

Since the 1980s, tissue engineering has become one of the major areas of endeavor in medical research, applying the principles of biology and engineering to the development of functional substitutes for damaged tissue. Using this technology, various attempts have been made to create and apply a tissue-engineered prosthetic trachea, or ...

Food and nutrition are fundamental to military capability. Historical examples demonstrate that a failure to supply adequate nutrition to armies inevitably leads to disaster; however, innovative measures to overcome difficulties in feeding reap benefits, and save lives. In barracks, UK Armed Forces are currently fed according to the relatively new ...

Originally identified as moderate biological modifiers, microRNAs have recently emerged as powerful regulators of diverse cellular processes with especially important roles in disease and tissue remodeling. The rapid pace of studies on microRNA regulation and function necessitates the development of suitable techniques for measuring and modulating microRNAs in different model ...

The Autism Tissue Program (ATP), a science program of Autism Speaks, provides researchers with access to well-characterized postmortem brain tissues. Researchers access these tissues through a peer-reviewed, project-based approval process, and obtain related clinical information from a secure, online informatics portal. However, few of these samples have DNA banked from ...

PURPOSE: Research using banked tissue is key to advancing risk-stratification and treatment of children with cancer. Knowledge of parental attitudes to ethical issues arising in tissue banking is very limited but essential in obtaining respectful consent. METHODS: One hundred parents of consecutively diagnosed children with cancer were offered a validated ...

Public and consumer pressure for assurances that farm animals are raised humanely has led to a range of private and public animal welfare standards, and for methods to assess compliance with these standards. The standards usually claim to be science-based but while research has developed measures of animal welfare and ...

Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) archival tissues and their associated diagnostic records represent an invaluable source of information on diseases where the patient outcomes are already known. Older archives contain many unique FFPE tissue specimens that would be impossible to replicate today due to changes in medical practice and technology. Unfortunately, there ...

Research in sudden death in fetuses (stillbirth) and infants (sudden infant death syndrome [SIDS]) is urgently needed, particularly in high-risk populations involving socioeconomic disadvantaged families. Essential to such research is the analysis of fetal and infant tissues at autopsy. Obtaining consent for donating autopsy tissues for research is especially problematic ...

Over the past few years, the "critical body residue" approach for assessing toxicity based on bioaccumulated chemicals has evolved into a more expansive consideration of tissue residues as the dose metric when defining dose-response relationships, evaluating mixtures, developing protective guidelines, and conducting risk assessments. Hence, scientists refer to "tissue residue ...

Laser capture microdissection (LCM) enables researchers to combine structure identification by -microscopy with structure investigation by modern molecular techniques.The main question in modern biomedical research is the understanding of cellular and molecular mechanisms. The methods to investigate pathological changes on a molecular, cellular, or tissue level become more and more ...

There are a number of conditions of the bladder that can lead to loss of function. Many of these require reconstructive procedures. However, current techniques may lead to a number of complications. Replacement of bladder tissues with functionally equivalent ones created in the laboratory could improve the outcome of reconstructive ...

Craniofacial microsomia is one of the most common conditions treated by craniofacial teams. However, research regarding the cause of this condition or the surgical outcomes of treatment is scant. This is attributable to the lack of diagnostic criteria and the wide phenotypic spectrum. Standardized description of the craniofacial malformations associated ...

A biobank may be defined as the long-term storage of biological samples for research or clinical purposes. In addition to storage facilities, a biobank may comprise a complete organization with biological samples, data, personnel, policies, and procedures for handling specimens and performing other services, such as the management of the ...

The last decade has witnessed a profound resurgence in brown adipose tissue (BAT) research. The need for such a dramatic increase stems from the ever-growing trend toward global obesity. Indeed, it is currently estimated that rates of obesity in developed countries such as the United States exceed 35% of the ...

The current study examined the direct, indirect, and interactive effects of age, intellectual ability, psychiatric symptomatology, and future orientation on juvenile adjudicative competence utilizing a secondary sample of 927 youth from the MacArthur Juvenile Adjudicative Competence Study. Consistent with previous research, age, intellectual ability, and future orientation were found to ...

Pathology is a bridging discipline that involves both basic and clinical biomedical sciences. In this context, it includes both descriptive and mechanistic approaches, with the final goals of further understanding the anatomic and functional changes and underlying molecular events involved in disease-related processes. Pathology studies mainly comprise macroscopic and microscopic ...

Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is defined as intentionally causing bodily harm to oneself without the intent to kill oneself. Recently, there has been an increase in research aimed at understanding why individuals, especially youth and young adults, engage in NSSI. This chapter explores the emergence and maintenance of NSSI from a ...

Scientists engaged in global health research are increasingly faced with barriers to access and use of human tissues from the developing world communities where much of their research is targeted. In part, the problem can be traced to distrust of researchers from affluent countries, given the history of 'scientific-imperialism' and ...

In the setting of a histological research core facility sample tracking and project specific archiving of tissue specimens and communication of related data is of central importance. Over a 24-month period 10 laboratories from two transregional research centers submitted in excess of 3000 tissue samples for histological processing and evaluation ...

The organized camp experience has been an important part of the lives of children, youth, and adults for over 150 years. The camp experience is a way for young people to explore and search for an authenticity often missing in other parts of their lives that contributes to their healthy ...

As a review for the 20th anniversary of publishing the antigen retrieval (AR) technique in this journal, the authors intend briefly to summarize developments in AR-immunohistochemistry (IHC)-based research and diagnostics, with particular emphasis on current challenges and future research directions. Over the past 20 years, the efforts of many different ...

This brief review summarizes translational and intervention research in the area of sports performance. We describe studies with youth, collegiate, and elite athletes; identify recent trends; and propose recommendations for future research.